• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.265-269
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• 2008

This study was carried out to observe the antioxidative activity, fibrinolytic activity, nitrite savenging ability and adenosine content of three medicinal mushrooms. Among water and ethanol extract of each mushroom, water extract of Inonotus obliquus (Czech) showed the highest antioxidative activity $(57.1{\mu}g/ml)$, nitrite scavenging ability (52.04%), fibrinolytic activity (86.8%) and adenosin content $(94.3{\mu}g/g)$, whereas nitrite scavenging ability of ethanol extract of Phellinus linteus showed higher than that of water extract. Apart from the above statements, water was effective than ethanol as extracting solvent in general. These results suggest that Inonotus obliquus (Czech) showed higher activities such as antioxidative activity, nitrite scavenging ability, fibrinolytic activity and adenosin content and water was effective as solvent except for nitrite scavenging ability.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.231-236
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• 2006

A novel sample pretreatment technique, headspace hanging drop liquid phase microextraction (HS-LPME) was studied and applied to the determination of flavors from solid clove buds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Several parameters affecting on HS-LPME such as organic solvent drop volume, extraction time, extraction temperature and phase ratio were investigated. 1-Octanol was selected as the extracting solvent, drop size was fixed to 0.6 $\mu$L. 60 min extraction time at 25 ${^{\circ}C}$ was chosen. HS-LPME has the good efficiency demonstrated by the higher partition equilibrium constant ($K_{lh}$) values and concentration factor (CF) values. The limits of detection (LOD) were 1.5-3.2 ng. The amounts of eugenol, $\beta$-caryophyllene and eugenol acetate from the clove bud sample were 1.90 mg/g, 1.47 mg/g and 7.0 mg/g, respectively. This hanging drop based method is a simple, fast and easy sample enrichment technique using minimal solvent. HSLPME is an alternative sample preparation method for the analysis of volatile aroma compounds by GC-MS.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.135-140
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• 2000

Determination of Aconitum alkaloids in processed Buza (Cho-0, Salted Buza, Moist-heating Buza, Limed Buza), which had been prepared from the raw tubers of Aconitum chiisanenseb(Ranunculaceae), was established using visible spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method especially for Aconitine analysis. Aconitum alkloids were reacted with tetra- thiocy-anatocobalt[II] complex ion to form a stable ion pair. The reaction product was insoluble in water but freely soluble in several organic solvents. 1.2-Dichloroethane was the best extracting solvent among the examined solvents. Spectrophotometry of Aconitum alkaloids at nax. 625 was carried out. The HPLC method for aconitine was carried out using Radial PAK-CN column with gradient solvent system by solvent mixture of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) at 4$0^{\circ}C$ and 254 nm. Linear relationship was found between absorbance response and concentration of aconitine in range of 0.45 mM~0.9 mM ($r^2$=0.9949) by spectrophotometry and 0.3 mM~1.2mM($r^2$=0.9983) by HPLC method. These methods have been found to be suitable and reproducible for routine analysis of Aconitum alkaloids and its pharmaceutical preparations.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.402-403
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• 2011

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.241-247
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• 1990

In order to develop a type of instant tea cassia tora seed, changes of constiuent amounts before and after roasting $(3{\pm}0.5min\;at\;170{\pm}5^{\circ}C)$ effective extracting solvent and it's optimum concentration, dehydration method and sensory scores were investigated. Moisture, lipid, reducing sugar, emodin and rhein were decreased by roasting, whereas protein, and total sugar of cassia tora increased. Color intensity and extracting efficacy were also increased. Of three kinds of solvent (water, methanol and ethanol), ethanol was highest in redness and yellowness of exeracts, and filtrate yield. Effective extracting concentration of ethanol for cassia tora was 50%(V/V). Freeze dry product(FDP) and spary dry product(SDP) showed coffee and aloe-like smell, coffee like brown color, rapid soluble in cold and hot water, and fast caking in air during storage. Free sugar contents were high in order of raffinose>fructose >glucose>maltose>sucrose Metallic contents were high in order of sodium>calcium>potassium>magnesium>iron. In sensory score for color, taste and aroma, FDP and SDP were both above 8.0 point, however, of them FDP more or less higher than SDP In addion, score in developing value as an instant tea was above 8.0 point (valuable).

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2020

To compare the cleaning effect of solvents such as water and ethanol used to clean lacquer relics, the components extracted with various solvents were analyzed. A freshly dried lacquer sample and a lacquer sample exposed to ultraviolet radiation for 24 days were treated with water, ethanol, acetone, and hexane, and the dissolved material was detected by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The amount extracted was significantly higher in acetone and ethanol than in hexane, a nonpolar solvent. Water, a highly polar solvent, was relatively efficient for extracting low-molecular-weight materials. After experiencing 24 days of ultraviolet radiation, the lacquer exhibited a significant increase of extracted materials compared with the nonexposed one. This may be due to the degradation of the urushiol chain in the form of polymers, resulting in the formation of low-molecular-weight polar substances, including dicarboxylic acids. In addition to the deterioration status of lacquer relics, such solvent extraction properties will be a crucial consideration in selecting the appropriate cleaning solvent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.248-253
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• 2006

For the determination of vitamin I using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the most critical and time consuming step is the Quantitative extraction of all vitamin E homologs from sample matrix. Three different extraction methods were compared to determine vitamin E in grains. Saponification used alkaline hydrolysis followed by solvent extraction. Direct solvent extraction included dispersing the samples in hot water, addition of isopropanol and $MgSO_4$, and extraction of the analytes with extracting solvent with Polytron homogenization. Using Soxhlet extraction, the samples were extracted in a Soxhlet apparatus with hexane containing butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Vitamin E content in 14 grains were analyzed and compared by three different extraction methods. Generally, the highest values were observed from direct solvent extraction and Soxhlet extraction followed by saponification. a-Tocopherol equivalent (a-TE) levels in grains ranged from 0.32 a-TE/100 g in prosomillet to 5.12 a-TE/100 g in black rice.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.149-152
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• 2001

Extraction characteristics of anthocyanin pigment from red flower cabbage(Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) as a new source of natural food colorant were investigated. The pigment extracted from red flower cabbage showed the characteristic bathochromic shift of the maximum wavelength of light absorption(${\lambda}_{max}$) as pH of the solution changed from pH 1 to 12. As the concentration of citric acid in the extraction solvent increased, extraction rate and total optical density(TOD) of the extract increased. Maximum TOD was obtained by using the extracting solvent including $0.8{\sim}1.0%$ citric acid and stable pigment solution was obtained by using the extracting solvent including $10{\sim}20%$ ethanol in distilled water. As a result, 10% ethanolic solution with 0.8% citric acid was decided as the optimum extraction solvent for the anthocyanin pigment from red flower cabbage. Within the experimental ranges, the extraction rate increased and therefore extraction time decreased as the extraction temperature increased. The times to reach a certain value of TOD i.e., 2.1 were 24, 8, 4 and 2 hours at extraction temperature of 5, 20, 40 and $60^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.319-328
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• 2017

The identification of explosive residues on specimens obtained from an explosion event is a crucial factor for assessing the cause of the explosion. In order to detect the components of explosives, the explosive residues deposited on surfaces are commonly extracted using swabbing materials pre-wetted with an organic solvent. The residues are then analyzed with analytical instruments such as LC/MS and CE/MS. Most conventionally used swabbing media such as cotton swabs or cotton tip swabs seem unsuitable for extracting explosive residues from the surface of a large area of clothes because the swabbing materials tend to be damaged easily, and because only a relatively small amount of explosives is collected. To overcome these problems, we have introduced a novel wiper ($215{\times}210mm$, single layer, Yuhan-Kimberly, Republic of Korea) as a swabbing material to recover representative organic explosives, namely, TNT, RDX, tetryl, HMX, PETN, and NG, from a large area of clothes. Different sides of the wiper, which was folded in half five times, was used to swab the surface of a clothing. We compared this novel wiper with a cotton swab and a cotton tip swab in terms of the recovery efficiency for the aforementioned organic explosives by pre-wetting with methanol, acetone, and acetonitrile, respectively. We identified that this novel wiper collected a significantly higher amount of organic explosive residues than a cotton swab or a cotton tip swab when using methanol as an extracting solvent.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.191-208
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to analyze the trend of pharmacopuncture in Korean patent in order to establish database for patent technology. Methods : Electronic literature searches for Korean patents related to pharmacopuncture were performed in two electronic databases (Korea Intellectual Property Right Information Service and National Digital Science Library) to June 2017. Patents that were not Korean ones, did not use medicinal herb, only described method of manufacture, or had nothing to do with pharmacopuncture were excluded in this study. The status and application date of patents, Medicinal herb, target diseases, International Patent Classification (IPC), model of experiment and extracting methods were analyzed. Results : A total of 379 patents were retrieved. Based on our inclusion/exclusion criteria, 297 patents were excluded. Of 82 included patents, 27 patents did not include experiments using pharmacopuncture, and 9 patents were invented for treating animals such as pig or calf. In IPC analysis, Bee Venom, Panax (ginseng), Angelica, and Paeoniaceae were used frequently. Musculoskeletal diseases were the most targeted diseases followed by nervous diseases. For extracting, hot water extraction, distillation extraction, and solvent extraction using alcohol, ethanol, or methanol for solvent were commonly used. Conclusions : These data are useful for inventing new patent and extending range of pharmacopuncture in clinical use, however, more systematically analyzed patent studies and pharmacopuncture-related studies for new application on various diseases are needed in further studies.