• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.226-234
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• 2006

Disturbance of antioxidant system is very common in chronic alcoholics and herbal or natural products with antioxidant activity have been used for its treatment. This study was to investigate the effect of Vitis vinifera extract(V), Schisandra chinensis extract(S), Taraxacum officinale extract(T), Gardenia jasminoides extract(G), Angelica acutiloba extract(A) and Paeonia japonica extract(P), and their combinations on the antioxidant and ethanol oxidation system. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to Lieber-DeCarli ethanol liquid diet(ED) and were then given different herbal extract mixtures for 6 weeks including VST(V 100+S 150+T 150mg/kg/day), VSG(V 100+S 150+G 150mg/kg/day), VTG(V 100+T 150+G 150mg/kg/day), and VAP(V 100+A 150+P 150mg/kg/day). When the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH) were compared between ED only group and herbal extracts treatment group, the differences were statistically significant. Phase I and II(glutathione-S-transferase, phenol sulfatransferase) enzyme activities were found to be significantly higher in the VAT treatment group compared to the ED group. Herbal extracts not only repressed the ethanol-induced elevation of malondialdehyde level, but also protected against ethanol-induced decrease in glutathione content, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. The administration of the herbal extracts was found to be effective in eliminating lipid-peroxides induced by long-term consumption of alcohol by activating various enzyme systems and physiological active compound formation system. After a chronic consumption of alcohol, Angelica Radix protected the liver via activating the ethanol-metabolism enzyme system, and Paeoniae Radix via activating the ethanol-metabolism enzyme and the phase I, II-metabolism enzyme system. Taraxaci Herba was also effective in liver protection via activating the ethanol-metabolism enzyme system and the phase I, II-metabolism enzyme system, Gardeniae Fructus via activating the phase II-metabolism enzyme system and the anti-oxidation system enzyme, and Schisandra Fructus and a grapestone via activating the anti-oxidation system. Our data suggest that these herbal extracts may be useful as a health functional food or new drug candidate for fatty liver and hepatotoxicity induced by chronic alcohol consumption.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.270-275
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• 2014

This study was conducted to select and develop effect of eco-friendly organic materials for the eco-friendly prevention of Anthracnose occurred in the ginseng. Anthracnose on ginseng is occurred by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and the crop damage is severe especially from July to August after rainy season. The test results showed that control effect by test products materials on the three years ginseng and four years ginseng field was lower in eco-friendly organic materials than that of chemical pesticide. However, the control effect of bordeaux mixture was higher with 71.3% and 73.8% levels than those of mineral matter, microbial agent, and developed plants extract mixtures (Eugenol, Curcumin, Wood vinegar, etc). On the other hand, three types of developed plants extract mixtures (3 types) showed control effect in a range of from 58.1% to 63.6% against Anthracnose which was higher as compared with plant extract alone and sodium silicate regardless of ages of ginseng. The results of this study would attribute in verifying the control effect of eco-friendly materials against Anthracnose for ginseng through investigating antimicrobial compounds contained in the plants body. Also, it would be used as control method against Anthracnose occurred in ginseng by judging the right control time through monitoring occurrence of disease.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2014

Spherically expanding flames are used to measure flame speeds, which are derived the corresponding laminar flame speeds at zero stretch. Dimethyl Ether-Air mixtures at high pressure are studied over an extensive range of equivalence ratios. The classical shadowgraph technique is used to detect the reaction zone. In analytical methodology the optimization process using least mean squares is performed to extract the laminar flame speeds. It is seen that the laminar flame speed of DME-Air mixture with the increase of pressure decreases rapidly showing a similar trend to other hydrocarbon fuels. At pressure of 2 and 10 atm the experimental data from the present study agree well with results reported in the literature. Especially the laminar flame speeds at 2 atm are in good agreement with those calculated in numerical work over the full stoichiometric range. At elevated pressure of 12 atm the measured data are slightly slower at fuel lean condition and show close agreement at fuel rich condition when compared with the numerical results.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was performed to find best extraction solvent for application of Ulmi cortex to food or herbal medicine as an antioxidant only using water, ethanol and their mixtures. Methods : The Ulmi cortex extracts were prepared using water and 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100% (v/v) ethanol, and were evaluated yields, total polyphenol contents, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, lipid peroxidation activities, and catechin and epicatechin contents. Results : Among the Ulmi cortex extracts, the yield was highest in water extract (8.9%) and lowest in ethanol extract (3.8%). The yield of 30% ethanol extract (8.5%) also was very high to similar with water extract. The total polyphenol content was highest in the 30% ethanol extract ($253.6{\mu}g/mg$ extract) and lowest in water extract ($109.0{\mu}g/mg$ extract). The DPPH radical scavenging activity was highest in ethanol extract (IC50, $8.53{\mu}g/ml$), ABTS radical scavenging activity was highest in 60% ethanol extract (IC50, $3.08{\mu}g/ml$), and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation was highest in 70% ethanol extract (IC50, $7.96{\mu}g/ml$). As ethanol content of extraction solvent increased from 0% to 30%, the antioxidant activities were remarkably increased whereas from 30% to 100%, the antioxidant activities were increased or decreased a little. Conclusions : The findings of the present study suggest that 30% ethanol is best solvent for extraction of Ulmi cortex, considering yield, polyphenol content, and antioxidant activities with extraction cost.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.195-200
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• 1997

The purposes of this study were to investigate the Maillard reactions of some oligosaccharides with lysine and the antioxidative effects of the ethanol extracts from their reaction mixtures on the soybean oil. The Maillard reactions were carried out of 2% oligosaccharides such as palatinose (PN), fructooligosaccharide (FO), isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO) with 2% lysine (L) for 24 hours heating at 60, 80, $100^{\circ}C$. The color intensity of Maillard reaction mixtures were determined by UV-VIS spectrophotometer upon reaction time and temperature. And the antioxidative effects on the soybean oil of each ethanol extract from Maillard reaction mixture of each oligosaccharide were measured by peroxide value (POV). POV's of soybean oil including reaction extracts were determined regularly every 2 days during 20 days storaged at $60{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. The results were obtained as follows: 1. The color intensity of the Maillard reaction mixtures were raised highly as the browning temperature and time increased. The color intensity of PN L browning mixture was the highest. The order of high color intensity at $100^{\circ}C$ was PN L>FO L>Glu L>IMO L. 2. Comparing the antioxidative effect of Maillard reaction product (at $100^{\circ}C$, for 12 hours) of each oligosaccharide to that of BHT and TBHQ, the order of high antioxidative effect was TBHQ>IMO L>BHT>Glu L>PN L>FO L. 3. From these results, it was known that PN L shown as high brown color intensity was appeared low antioxidative effect, while IMO L shown as low brown color intensity was appeared high antioxidative effect. So, it was recognized that there was no relation between brown color intensity and antioxidative effect.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial, antiperspirant and deodorant effect of herb mixtures including Schisandra chinensis(SC). This herb mixtures including Schisandra chinensis was made of Astragalus membranaceus(AM), Triticum aestivum(TA), Atractylodes japonica(AJ) and peppermint essential oil extracted from Mentha piperita(MP). We examined antimicrobial activity, antiperspirant activity and L-leucine dehydrogenase activity of the herbal extracts. We found that the mixture of SC and MP have the best antimicrobial effects on B. subtilis subsp. spizizenii and mixture of SC, AJ, AM and TA have best antiperspirant effect. Moreover, the combination of SC and AM showed the most inhibitory effect on L-leucine dehydrogenase activity. These results suggested that the herb mixtures Including Schisandra chinensis have good antimicrobial and antiperspirant effects.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.231-236
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 자귀결명자추출혼합물 첨가사료의 혈청 콜레스테롤 저하효과를 확인하기 위하여 3주령된 SD계 수컷흰쥐를 실험군당 12마리씩 배치하여 10주 동안 동물실험을 수행하였다. 흰쥐용 사료(AIN-93G diet, 조지방 함량 7%)를 기본식이로 하여 돈지와 콜레스테롤을 각각 중량비로 7%, 1% 첨가하여 총지방함량이 15%가 되도록 고지방식이를 제조하였다. 흰쥐에게 실험 1기 (first phase) 5주 동안 고지방식이(high-fat diet)를 급여하여 고지혈증을 유발시켰다. 실험 2기(second phase)에는 고지방식이군을 대조군으로 하고, 자귀결명자추출혼합물 분말을 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10% 첨가군으로 하여 5주 동안 급여하였다. 자귀결명자추출혼합물 첨가사료(1.0, 2.5, 5.0%)는 고지방식이를 급여한 흰쥐의 배변량을 유의하게 증가시켰고, 체지방중 EFP 무게는 시료 첨가군(10%)에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 혈청 지질중 총콜레스테롤 농도는 시료첨가군(5.0, 10%)이 유의하게 낮았고, HDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 시료 첨가군(1.0%)이 가장 높았다. 중성지방농도는 고지방식이 대조군에 비해 시료 첨가군(2.5% 5.0, 10%)에서 낮은 경향인 것으로 나타났다. 간조직의 효소활성에서 G6PDH 활성은 고지방식이 대조군보다 모든 시료 첨가군에서 유의하게 감소한(p<0.05), 반면 malic enzyme 활성은 고지방식이 대조군에 비하여 시료 첨가군(1.0, 10%)이 유의하게 감소하였다. 이 결과들을 종합해보면, 고지혈증 흰쥐에서의 자귀결명자추출혼합물 분말은 전반적인 지질대사 개선에 긍정적인 효과를 나타냄으로써 앞으로 고콜레스테롤혈증 예방 등의 혈관 순환기 계통 질병을 예방하기 위한 식품으로서의 활용이 기대된다.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was investigation of quantitative analysis of marker substances in Paeonia lactiflora extracts by solid fermentation. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the determination of albiflorin and paeoniflorin in P. lactiflora extracts by solid fermentation, the separation method was performed on C18 column ($250\;mm\;{\times}\;4.6\;mm$, $5\;{\mu}m$, RS tech) using gradient solvent mixtures of water-acetonitrile with photodiode array detector (230nm). The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. Retention time of albiflorin and paeoniflorin was about 28.88, 31.92 min and linearity of calibration was showed good result(r2 = 0.9998, 0.9996), respectively. Content of albiflorin was $0.090\;{\pm}\;0.03%$ in P. lactiflora extract(control), $0.102\;{\pm}\;0.00%$ in P. lactiflora extract fermented with Paecilomyces japonica, $0.056\;{\pm}\;0.01%$ in P. lactiflora extract fermented with Ganoderma lucidum, $0.093\;{\pm}\;0.00%$ in P. lactiflora extract fermented with honey and $0.046\;{\pm}\;0.00%$ in P. lactiflora extract fermented with Nuruk. Content of paeoniflorin was $4.506\;{\pm}\;0.13%$ in control, $2.599\;{\pm}\;0.04%$ in P. lactiflora extract fermented with Paecilomyces japonica, $1.222\;{\pm}\;0.03%$ in P. lactiflora extract fermented with Ganoderma lucidum, $2.750\;{\pm}\;0.05%$ in P. lactiflora extract fermented with honey and $0.847\;{\pm}\;0.00%$ in P. lactiflora extract fermented with Nuruk, respectively. Content of the marker substances did not increase in all fermentation experiment group.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was investigation of quantitative analysis of marker substances in solid fermented Angelicae Gigantis Radix by High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). HPLC was performed for determination of nodakenin and decursin in solid fermented Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract, the separation method was performed on C18 column ($250\;mm\;{\times}\;4.6\;mm$, $5\;{\mu}m$, RS tech) using gradient solvent mixtures of water-acetonitrile with photodiode array detector (330 nm). The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. Retention time of nodakenin and decursin was about 11.47, 46.79 min and linearity of calibration was showed good result(r2=0.9999, 0.9999), respectively. Content of nodakenin was $0.76\;{\pm}\;0.02%$ in control, $0.31\;{\pm}\;0.00%$ in Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract fermented with Paecilomyces japonica(SDT)(p<0.01), $0.51\;{\pm}\;0.02%$ in Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract fermented with Ganoderma lucidum(SYT)(p<0.01), $0.82\;{\pm}\;0.03%$ in Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract fermented with honey(SST)(p<0.05) and $0.88\;{\pm}\;0.01%$ in Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract fermented with Nuruk(SNT)(p<0.01). Content of decursin was $4.50\;{\pm}\;0.08%$ in control, $2.90\;{\pm}\;0.05%$ in Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract fermented with Paecilomyces japonica(SDT)(p<0.01), $2.65\;{\pm}\;0.08%$ in Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract fermented with Ganoderma lucidum(SYT)(p<0.01), $4.46\;{\pm}\;0.11%$ in Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract fermented with honey(SST) and $4.73\;{\pm}\;0.04%$ in Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract fermented with Nuruk(SNT)(p<0.05), respectively.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.940-948
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the immune activity of Ailantias altissima as an active ingredient on the immune enhancement by mixing ethanol extract with lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The activity of $NF-{\kappa}B/AP1$ transcription factor increased by $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity when mixed with LAB samples rather than with the extract alone. Nitric oxide (NO) production was similar in ethanol extract alone group and LPS treatment group. Mixing Ailantias altissima extract and lactic acid bacteria led to low NO production. The cytokine productivity of $TNF-{\alpha}$ significantly increased in Ailantias altissima extract when treated with LPS, and increased even more when mixed with lactic acid bacteria. The $IL-1{\beta}$ cytokine production was high when the Ailantias altissima extract were treated alone, but no $IL-1{\beta}$ cytokine was produced in the mixtures with isolates. The combination of the ethanol extract of the Ailantias altissima and the lactic acid bacteria was found to be effective in the immune function. Consequently, the ingredient to combine Ailantias altissima extract and lactic acid bacteria can be effectively used for development of the health functional food on the prevention and treatment of hypoimmunities.