• Molecules and Cells
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.13-25
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• 2021

Apoptosis and compensatory proliferation, two intertwined cellular processes essential for both development and adult homeostasis, are often initiated by the mis-regulation of centrosomal proteins, damaged DNA, and defects in mitosis. Fly Anastral spindle 3 (Ana3) is a member of the pericentriolar matrix proteins and known as a key component of centriolar cohesion and basal body formation. We report here that ana3m19 is a suppressor of lethality induced by the overexpression of Sol narae (Sona), a metalloprotease in a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motif (ADAMTS) family. ana3m19 has a nonsense mutation that truncates the highly conserved carboxyl terminal region containing multiple Armadillo repeats. Lethality induced by Sona overexpression was completely rescued by knockdown of Ana3, and the small and malformed wing and hinge phenotype induced by the knockdown of Ana3 was also normalized by Sona overexpression, establishing a mutually positive genetic interaction between ana3 and sona. p35 inhibited apoptosis and rescued the small wing and hinge phenotype induced by knockdown of ana3. Furthermore, overexpression of Ana3 increased the survival rate of irradiated flies and reduced the number of dying cells, demonstrating that Ana3 actively promotes cell survival. Knockdown of Ana3 decreased the levels of both intra- and extracellular Sona in wing discs, while overexpression of Ana3 in S2 cells dramatically increased the levels of both cytoplasmic and exosomal Sona due to the stabilization of Sona in the lysosomal degradation pathway. We propose that one of the main functions of Ana3 is to stabilize Sona for cell survival and proliferation.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.961-974
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• 2005

Various biological approaches to the promotion of periodontal regeneration have been used. These can be divided into the use of growth and differentiation factors, application of extracellular matrix proteins and attachment factors and use of mediators of bone metabolism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of enamel matrix protein and platelet-rich plasma on the treatment of intrabony defect, with bovine-derived bone powder in humans by digital subtraction radiography. 12 teeth(experimental I group) were treated with enamel matrix protein combined with bovine-derived bone powder and 12 teeth(experimental II group) were treated with platelet-rich plasma combined with bovine-derived bone powder. The change of bone density was assessed by digital subtraction radiography in this study. The change of mineral content was assessed in the method that two radiography were put into computer program to be overlapped and the previous image was subtracted by the later one. Both groups were statistically analyzed by Wilcoxon signed Ranks Test and Mann-whitney Test using SPSS program for windows(5% significance level). The results were as follows: 1. The radiolucency in 3 months after surgery was significantly increased than 1 month after surgery in both groups(experimental I and II groups)(p<0.05). 2. The radiopacity in 6 months after surgery was significantly increased than 3 months after surgery in both groups(experimental I and II groups) (p<0.05). 3. In experimental I group, there was no significant difference between 1 month and 6 months after surgery. 4. In experimental II group. the radiopacity in 6 months after surgery was significantly increased than 1 month after surgery(p<0.05). 5. There was no significant difference between experimental I and II group at 1 month and 3 months after surgery, but the radiopacity in experimental II group was significantly increased at 6 months after surgery(p<0.05). In conclusion, platelet-rich plasma can enhance bone density than enamel matrix protein until 6 months after surgery.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1600-1607
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• 2012

The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family plays essential roles in physiological processes such as embryonic development, angiogenesis, wound healing, and tissue homeostasis as a consequence of MMPr capacity for breaking down many types of extracellular matrix proteins. Imbalanced regulation of MMP expression can also lead to pathological conditions such as tumor progression. We recently reported that the Drosophila Mmp1 gene is highly expressed in the digestive tract and is required for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis such as by restriction of uncontrolled intestinal stem cell proliferation. However, the regulatory mechanisms of MMP gene expression in the intestine remain unclear. In this study, we determined that the expression of Mmp1 is regulated by the homeodomain transcription factor Caudal. Experiments using the targeted expression of Caudal under the regulation of Gal4-UAS system indicated that endogenous Caudal is required for the Mmp1 gene expression in the adult Drosophila intestine and that exogenous Caudal induces Mmp1 expression. Transient transfection experiments indicated that Caudal can activate the promoter activity of Mmp1 and that several putative Caudal binding sites in the 5'-flanking region of the Mmp1 gene may be critical to the upregulation by Caudal. Our data suggest that Mmp1 is one of the target genes of Caudal in physiological normal condition and in tumorigenesis.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.300-307
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• 2010

Photosensitized peroxidation of membrane lipids has been implicated in skin pathologies such as phototoxicity and premature aging. We have previously reported that syriacusin compounds isolated from Hibiscus Syriacus inhibited lipid peroxidation. Here, we investigated whether syriacusins could be effective inhibitor to skin aging using ultraviolet-irradiated human dermal fibroblast cells (HDFCs). Syriacusins A, B, and C inhibit the activity of human neutrophil elastase (HNE), a serine protease to degrade extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins including elastin, with $IC_{50}s$ of 8.0, 5.2, and $6.1\;{\mu}M$, respectively. No changes in cell viability were detected by syriacusins A and B in UV-B ($10\;mJ/cm^2$) irradiated HDFCs. Matrix metallo-proteinase (MMP)-1 expression in HDFCs was increased by UV-B irradiation. MMP-1 expression in UV-B irradiated HDFCs was decreased by $10\;{\mu}M$ and $20\;{\mu}M$ syriacusin A to 50% and 20% of untreated control, respectively. Syriacusin B treated with $20\;{\mu}M$ reduced MMP-1 expression in UV-B irradiated HDFCs to 60% of untreated control. Syriacusin A also inhibited MMP-2 expression accompanying the increase of type-I pro-collagen in UV-B irradiated HDFCs. These results demonstrate that syriacusin A could be a more effective compound to inhibit skin aging caused by UV irradiation. It suggests that syriacusins A and B might be developed as possible agents to treat or prevent skin aging.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2002

To elucidate the mechanism underlying the embryotropic effect of extracellular matrix(ECM) on the preimplantation development of mammalian embryos, the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) downstream the integrin signaling was examined in mouse blastocysts. Blastocysts were cultured in the presence of growth factor-reduced(GFR) Matrigel(0.5％, v/v). MAPK activity was measured by in vitro phosphorylation of myelin basic protein by the Erk1/2 antibody immunoprecipitates of embryonic extract following the Matrigei treatment. MAPK activity of the early blastocysts rapidly increased within 10 min fo1lowing the Matrigel treatment. When the embryos were cultured for 12 h in the presence of Matrigel, the MAPK activity was significantly higher than that ot the control embryos. PD098059, a MAPK kinase(MEK) inhibitor, attenuated the effect of Matrigel on the change in MAPK activity. Taken together, it suggested that the embryotropic effect of ECM proteins might be mediated by the activation of MAPK cascade.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.125-136
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• 2019

The radish skin and radish greens are an edible part of the radish. But they are removed before eating the radish and used as a byproduct or an animal feed material because of their tough and rough texture. Melanin is a pigment that gives colour to our skin. But increased production of melanin can turn into benign or malignant tumours. These days due to global warming, the amount of Ultra violet (UVB) rays has been extensively increased with sunlight. Due to this, a phenomenon called exogenous photo aging is widely observed for all skin colour and types. As a result of this phenomenon, a set of enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases (MMP's) that serves as degradation enzymes for extracellular matrix proteins mainly collagen is increased, causing depletion in collagen and resulting in early wrinkles formation. Therefore in our study we used the murine melanoma cell line B16/F10 to study the melanogenesis inhibition by Heated radish extract (HRE) in vitro and we used HRM-2 hair less mice exposed to artificial UVB for checking the efficacy of Heated radish extract in vivo. Furthermore, we prepared a 3% Heated radish extract (HRE) cream and checked its effects on human skin. Our results have clearly demonstrated that Heated radish extract (HRE) have potently suppressed the tyrosinase activity and melanin production in B16/F10 cells. It had also reduced the expression of components involved in melanin production pathway both transcriptionally and transitionally. In in vivo studies, HRE had potently suppressed the expression of MMP's and reduced the wrinkle formation and inhibited collagen degradation. Moreover, on human skin, ginseng cream increased the resilience, skin moisture and enhanced the skin tone. Therefore in light of these findings, we conclude that HRE is an excellent skin whitening and antiaging product.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.433-441
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• 2021

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), are primarily characterized as dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Ginsenoside-Rg3-enriched Korean Red Ginseng extract (Rg3-KRGE) is known to exert neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative effects on neurological disorders. However, effects of Rg3-KRGE in EAE remain unclear. Methods: Here, we investigated whether Rg3-KRGE may improve the symptoms and pathological features of myelin oligodendroglial glycoprotein (MOG)_35-55 peptide - induced chronic EAE mice through improving the integrity of the BBB. Results: Rg3-KRGE decreased EAE score and spinal demyelination. Rg3-KRGE inhibited Evan's blue dye leakage in spinal cord, suppressed increases of adhesion molecule platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, extracellular matrix proteins fibronection, and matrix metallopeptidase-9, and prevented decreases of tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1, claudin-3, and claudin-5 in spinal cord following EAE induction. Rg3-KRGE repressed increases of proinflammatory transcripts cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but enhanced expression levels of anti-inflammatory transcripts arginase-1 and IL-10 in the spinal cord following EAE induction. Rg3-KRGE inhibited the expression of oxidative stress markers (MitoSOX and 4-hydroxynonenal), the enhancement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (NOX2) and NOX4, and NADPH activity in the spinal cord of chronic EAE mice. Furthermore, apocynin, a NOX inhibitor, mimicked beneficial effects of Rg3-KRGE in chronic EAE mice. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Rg3-KRGE might alleviate behavioral symptoms and pathological features of MS by improving BBB integrity through modulation of NOX2/4 expression.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.406-414
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• 2014

PURPOSE. The objective of this study was to investigate the biologic effects of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) with different concentrations on cell viability and the genetic expression of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) to zirconia surfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Immortalized human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) were cultured (1) without EMD, (2) with EMD $25{\mu}g/mL$, and (3) with EMD $100{\mu}g/mL$ on zirconia discs. MTT assay was performed to evaluate the cell proliferation activity and SEM was carried out to examine the cellular morphology and attachment. The mRNA expression of collagen type I, osteopontin, fibronectin, and TGF-${\beta}1$ was evaluated with the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS. From MTT assay, HGF showed more proliferation in EMD $25{\mu}g/mL$ group than control and EMD $100{\mu}g/mL$ group (P<.05). HGFs showed more flattened cellular morphology on the experimental groups than on the control group after 4h culture and more cellular attachments were observed on EMD $25{\mu}g/mL$ group and EMD $100{\mu}g/mL$ group after 24h culture. After 48h of culture, cellular attachment was similar in all groups. The mRNA expression of type I collagen increased in a concentration dependent manner. The genetic expression of osteopontin, fibronectin, and TGF-${\beta}1$ was increased at EMD $100{\mu}g/mL$. However, the mRNA expression of proteins associated with cellular attachment was decreased at EMD $25{\mu}g/mL$. CONCLUSION. Through this short term culture of HGF on zirconium discs, we conclude that EMD affects the proliferation, attachment, and cell morphology of HGF cells. Also, EMD stimulates production of extracellular matrix collagen, osteopontin, and TGF-${\beta}1$ in high concentration levels. CLINICAL RELEVANCE. With the use of EMD, protective barrier between attached gingiva and transmucosal zirconia abutment may be enhanced leading to final esthetic results with implants.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.351-359
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• 2015

Acute and chronic ultraviolet (UV) irradiation triggers severe skin photoaging processes, which directly disrupt the normal three-dimensional integrity of skin. UV light stimulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) which degrade constituents of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. These MMPs reduce collagen synthesis and decrease skin elasticity and integrity, resulting in wrinkle formation. In this study, we identified Rosa multiflora hip extract (RME) as an effective anti-photoaging ingredient. First, cell proliferation activity of RME was verified using Hs68 human dermal fibroblast cell line. RME downregulated MMPs expression through the inhibition of activator protein (AP)-1. In addition, type I and IV collagen expressions were increased with RME treatment and UVB-induced inflammatory responses were also reduced after RME treatment. In conclusion, R. multiflora hip extract may effectively improve UVB-induced skin aging and wrinkle formation which may provide as an anti-aging, anti-wrinkle, and anti-inflammation ingredient in cosmetic industry.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.944-949
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to identify conserved metabolic pathways and conserved genes in 122 archaeal species. Using the Clusters of Orthologous Groups of Proteins (COG) database of conserved genes, we analyzed whether 122 species had 63 COG metabolic pathways, the 822 COGs that compose them, and a total of 4,877 COGs. Archaeal ribosomal proteins were the most conserved in metabolic pathways. 46 COGs in seven COG pathways among 63 COG pathways and 20 COGs in others were conserved in 122 species. Some genes involved in cell wall and extracellular matrix synthesis, replication, transcription, translation, and protein metabolism were common to all 122 species. When the distance value of the phylogenetic tree was analyzed at the phylum level or class level, the average was the lowest at the class Halobacteria of the phylum Euryarchaeota. Standard deviation was high for the class Nitosospharia of the phylum Thaumarchaeota, the unclassified members of phylum Thaumarchaeota, the class Halobacteria of the phylum Euryarchaeota, the class Thermoprotei of the phylum Crenarchaeota, and other archaea. Furthermore, the phylogenetic tree analysis revealed six commonalities. The results of this study, along with data on conserved genes, could be used for drug development and gene selection for strain improvement.