• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.547-552
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• 2022

In this study, we secured a technology for manufacturing expanded glass of uniform quality by using general tempered glass, that is, window glass, among automotive glass that is scrapped, and verified whether the manufactured expanded glass can be used for lithium battery fire suppression. The process of manufacturing expanded glass using waste glass is generally divided into Crushing → Milling → Granulation → Expansion → Cooling. With several trials a nd errors. It is obtained a yield of 0.5 ø mm to 2 ø mm spherical particles of 80 % or more. By comparing the surface analysis and physical properties, a more suitable sample was selected as a fire extinguishing agent for lithium batteries, and it was confirmed that the result of the adaptability test for lithium battery fire was satisfactory.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.42-47
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• 2012

In the study, fire extinguishing concentration of $K_2CO_3$-Zeolite composite was measured. Zeolite composite is a porous adsorbent which has small particle size, low density and anti-catalytic effect. Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-Ray diffraction and thermal analysis were also conducted to investigate the structural properties of composite. The result showed that despite of weight ratio, the extinguishing concentration of the composite was lower than pure $K_2CO_3$. The extinguishing concentration of $K_2CO_3$-Zeolite composite which has weight ratio of 7 : 3 was 5.72 times lower than that of pure $K_2CO_3$ and 1.1 times lower than that of ABC powder. The SEM and XRD patterns showed that $K_2CO_3$ was adsorbed on the Zeolite properly, and through the thermal analysis, it was founded that the composite is more effective extinguishing agent than pure $K_2CO_3$.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.644-655
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• 2023

Purpose: Metal fires occur in metal handling, processing, waste storage plants, etc. It is difficult for firefighters to extinguish metal fires, and it takes a long time, so caution is needed in fire suppression. Method: In this study, current statistics and problems of metal fires were introduced, and then the effectiveness was verified by experiments with using fire extinguishing agents used in Korea. Comparative suppression experiments of 5 different fire extinguishing agents for burning powders of 99.9% magnesium over 150 ㎛ were performed following the metal powder type test method of Class D fire in ISO 7165. Result: 5 fire extinguishing agents are the power types of dry sands and expanded vermiculites most commonly used in Korea, the certified class D fire extinguisher used abroad, and ochers requiring verification, and the liquid silica gel. Conclusion: The results of experiments showed expanded vermiculites were the best metal fire extinguishing agent considering effectiveness, convenience of use, and economical feasibility.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.38-43
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• 2013

An automatic spreading fire extinguisher usually installed in a closed area like a boiler room, a laundry store or a restaurant's kitchen room is one of the fire protection equipments. This extinguisher automatically discharges dry powder, extinguishing fire. As this extinguisher has the extinguishing capability applicable to the nominal protection area, objects outside the area cannot be properly extinguished. However only its number is being requested according to the floor area in the related laws, and the extinguishing capability depends on the distance from a fire source. In this study we tried to investigate the extinguishing capability of the automatic spreading fire extinguisher in accordance with horizontal separation distance from a fire source. It appeared that the maximum horizontal separation distance was about 30 cm for both class A and B fire to be certainly extinguished.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.25-32
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• 2008

The prevention of disasters in cultural property is very important management and historical duties. The reason can't be measured values with monetary scale of our contemporary. Therefore, this paper was considered fire-safety as one of terrible threat-disasters about the wooden buildings. This research deal with 47 cases cultural property wooden building by whole investigation(field survey and interview) in Gangnung province. The most buildings have basic fire extinguisher; ABC powder. A few buildings are rarely installed fire extinguishing equipments; outdoor fire hydrant, heat sensor, ground sprinkler, CO2-hose-reel. But these state is very insufficient for the fire-safety in cultural property wooden buildings. Specially as particular attention in province, forest fire of regional characteristic have close relation with cultural property fire. The majority of factor against forest and building fire is to provide monitoring and security system; CCTV, Fence, Sensor, Alarm and paid guard man against incendiary. Ultimately it is necessary to construct comprehensive disaster prevention system with the organic cooperation such as National Emergency Management Agency, Cultural Heritage Administration, Forest Service, local government officials and regional citizen.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.24 no.6_2
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• pp.795-800
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• 2021

Magnesium fires require early fire extinguishment due to impulsive and rapid-fire expansion that makes difficult fire fighting. For this reason, efficient early fire fighting and appropriate prevention of fire spread are considered mainly as significant fire extinction measures. However, there is a limit to developing tools for metal fire fighting, such as devices, facilities, and fire extinguishing agents, due to a lack of regulatory instruments in South Korea. It often generates challenges to early fire fighting implementation by fire responders. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate a measure for securing the efficiency of early fire fighting in magnesium. This study identified the applicability of the metal fire extinguisher used in the United States for magnesium fire through a performance test of a fire extinguishing agent for metal fire. Moreover, we implemented a free burning experiment using magnesium powder to compare varying combustion and extinction process that could occur during applying metal fire extinguishers. Finally, this study suggests measures of the use and application of metal fire extinguishers for magnesium.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.113-119
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• 1997

The detection capability of UV flame detector in dust environment would be impaired. In this study, an experiment was conducted, in an effort to further understand the behavior of UV flame detector and to evaluate its detection capability in industry dust environment. Detergent powder, coal powder and dry extinguishing agent were selected as dust sources. Flaming sources include propane and gasoline flame. Experiment results indicate that dust can cause remarkable attenuation of UV flame radiation. The concentration of dust and the length of air layer where dust dispersed determine the reduction of radiation intensity. On the other hand, the attenuation of UV radiation also depends on the chemical and Physical properties of dust.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.327-332
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• 2019

Recently, inverter control systems have attracted immense attention to increase the energy efficiency. However, such systems use repeated on/off high currents for linear operation control, instead of the prevalent step variable current control method. Hence, there arise concerns of personal and property damage, especially due to the durability, explosive characteristics, and operating speed of the fuse, which is responsible for safety and is one of the internal components using current control. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an IEC60127-4 SMD sub-miniature fuse, consisting of Ag-Cu alloys and ceramic powder for arc soothing. The IEC60127-4 SMD sub-miniature fuse has high durability and cut-off capacity, and operates safely in dangerous circumstances caused by the inverter control system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 2017

This study was intended to find methods of fire extinguishing system designs that can improve the equipment's usability. In this study, the fire suppression experiment through fire extinguishers and the data drawn through the experiment were analyzed, and then the guideline for the improvement of designs was presented. The procedure is as follows. A fire suppression experiment with the use of fire extinguishers was done by 43 average adults. The whole process of the fire suppression was videotaped, and then captured major scenes were analyzed with the use of RULA, a human engineering measurement tool. The analyzed data were divided into 4 steps, and then the guideline for design improvement was presented. The summary of the study is as follows. Step 1, Fire extinguisher distance step. To reduce overload occurring at the process of holding fire extinguishers suddenly, wheels are attached to the body of extinguishers, or pedestals are installed. Step 2, Fire extinguisher transportation step. The length of hose is extended, or fire fighting water is sprayed far, so that overload of legs occurring at the process of travel can be reduced. In addition, the weight of fire extinguisher shouldn't be over 2 kg. Step 3, Safety pin removal stage. Safety pins should be applied with button type, so that excessive posture of lower limbs and excessive twisting of wrists won't happen during safety pin removal process. Besides, safety pins should be designed for easy identification and operation. Step 4, Fire extinguishing agent spraying step. To reduce overload occurring at sudden spraying of fire fighting water, pressure should be increased gradually until high pressure. With the above study results applied to existing fire extinguisher design, it may contribute to reducing any fire damage.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.48-54
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• 2008

Forest fires occur the world over, with large-scale fires constantly breaking out. A suppressant a type of forest fire chemical is widely used to respond to fires rapidly and effectively. In general, suppressants used for fires have been divided into dry powder, liquid, foam, and gel type, according to physical form and use. This study has conducted toxicity tests relating to phytotoxicity(Pinus densiflora seed germination rate and mortality of containerized seedling), and soil organism toxicity(earthworm acute toxicity tests), of these suppressants, with the loaded stream suppressant for direct forest fire extinguishing a Loaded Stream and foam concentrates generally being used in Korea. From the results of the tests, the loaded stream and the foam concentrate had an effect on the toxicity levels. In the case of the loaded stream type, it was observed that toxicity indicating a 100% lethality rate was found among all toxicity test methods. Therefore, it is determined that forest ecology environmental toxicity impact assessments related to the suppressant used to extinguish forest fires are necessary in the near future.