• Title/Summary/Keyword: Extinguishing Agent

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Adsorption Characteristic of Mg(II), Al(III), Pb(II) Metal Ions on Cryptand Ion Exchange Resin from Water Fire Extinguishing Agent (물 소화약제로부터 Cryptand 이온교환수지의 Mg(II), Al(III) 및 Pb(II) 흡착특성)

  • Kim, Joon-Tae;Kim, Kwan-Chun
    • Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.57-65
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    • 2008
  • Resins were synthesized with 1-aza-15-crown-5 macrocyclic ligand attached to styrene(dangerous matter) divinylbenzene(DVB) copolymer with crosslink of 1, 2, 6 and 15% by substitution reaction. The synthesis of these resins was confirmed by content of chlorine, element analysis, and IR-spectrum. The effects of pH, time and crosslink on adsorption of metal ion from water fire extinguishing agent by the synthetic resin adsorbent were investigated. The metal ion was showed fast adsorption on the resins above pH 3. The optimum equilibrium time for adsorption of metallic ions was about two hours. The adsorption selectivity determined in water was in increasing order of $Mg^{2+}>Al^{3+}>Pb^{2+}$. The adsorption was in the order of 1, 2, 6, and 15% crosslink resin.

A Study on the Development of a Fire Extinguishing Agent Leakage Monitoring Module and its Performance Assessment (소화약제 누기 감시장치의 모듈개발 및 성능검증에 관한 연구)

  • Son, Bong-Sei;Hong, Sung-Ho;Go, A-Ra
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.43-48
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    • 2016
  • One of the main problems with gaseous fire extinguishers is the decrease in fire suppression capability due to the leakage of the fire extinguishing agents, either naturally or caused by obsolete equipment. Therefore, in this study, a real-time detector module for monitoring pressure leakages was developed and an assessment on its performance was carried out. Currently, there are no domestic or global standards for testing pressure leakage detection systems. Therefore, similar global standards, such as ISO 7240 and FM 1421, and the domestic law on "Receiver type-approval and technical standards for product inspection" were used as a reference for assessing the performance of the newly developed module. Its basic performance was assessed by applying compressed air to the module, and, as a result, the minimum working pressure was identified as 0.3 bar. Its environmental qualification was carried out to confirm the proper functioning of the module in different climates and the module was confirmed to function properly at both high ($50^{\circ}C$) and low ($-10^{\circ}C$) temperatures.

Extinguishment of n-heptane Pool Fire by Water Mist Containing Alkali Metal Agent (알칼리 금속염을 함유한 미분무수의 헵탄 Pool Fire 소화)

  • Park, Jae-Man;Shin, Chang-Sub
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.20 no.3 s.71
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    • pp.105-111
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    • 2005
  • An experimental study is performed for extinguishing of n-heptane pool fire by water mist containing potassium acetate as a fire suppression additive. Water mist was generated by a single pressure nozzle in a small-scale chamber. The drop size distribution of water mist was measured using laser diffraction(Malvern particle sizer). The flame temperature, oxygen concentration and carbon monoxide concentration were measured. In case of using additives, the fire extinguishing time was shorter than that of pure water at a given discharge pressure and it was because the momentum of a water droplet containing additives was increased. And also dissociated metal atoms, potassium, were reacted as a scavenger of the major radical species OH, H which were generated for combustion process. Moreover, at a high pressure of 4MPa, the fire was extinguished through blowing effect as well as primary extinguishing mechanisms.

A Study on the Direct Discharge Test for Verifying Design Concentration and Soaking Time for CO2 Fire Extinguishing System of Total Flooding (전역방출방식 CO2 소화설비의 설계농도 및 유지시간 검증을 위한 직접방사실험에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Se-Myeoung;Moon, Sung-Woong;Ryu, Sang-Hoon
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.26 no.6
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    • pp.15-23
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    • 2012
  • Indirect Test Method is often used instead of direct test method in test method for extinguishing performance of $CO_2$ extinguishing facility because of high cost, environment problems and difficulties of procedure. But in the danger facilities for a unit of nation, such as a petrochemical plant, a nuclear power plant, or etc. is better to verify the performance of the extinguishment through direct discharge test. In $CO_2$ extinguishing system for total flooding system installed in dangerous facilities in Korea, each protected area in surface fire and deep-seated fire had selected and verified of extinguishing performance of $CO_2$ extinguishing facilities. To get recognized as extinguishing performance, discharged $CO_2$ concentration to protected area should be equivalence with design concentration standards (NFSC and NFPA). The Design Concentration means that $CO_2$ extinguishing agent is considerate of concentration for percentage of allowance (20 %) from extinguishing concentration which available to control of flame. As test result, surface fire and deep seated fire in protected area is obtained $CO_2$ design concentration and maintained design concentration more than 20 minutes as deep-seated fire. Through this study, we introduced direct discharging test method and decision method. And furthermore, especially in the dangerous facilities as a unit of Nation, we suggested necessity about reliability of extinguishing facilities to use direct test method.

Study on the Safe use of the Chemical Extinguishing Agent (화학물질 소화약제 안전한 사용에 관한 연구)

  • Cho, Jung-Rae
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.118-129
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    • 2018
  • This study analyzed the recent serious disaster cases of chemical extinguishing agent poisoning and suffocation investigated by KOSHA and proposed the safe use of chemical substances, including the chemical extinguishing agent. An analysis of the statistical figures an increase in the number and variations of chemical poisoning and suffocation cases in industry between 2011~2016 increased. Unlike other physical accidents, chemical accidents are very high in severity and it is difficult to identify the chemical hazard and risk. To prevent chemical disasters, it is essential to develop and use an easy chemical risk assessment tool. For the safe use of chemical substances, in which it is difficult to carry out hazard identification and risk assessments, this thesis presents the useful chemical recognition and risk assessment tools, CHEM-i and CHARM developed by KOSHA.

Study on the Safety Standard Establishment of Halogen Clean Extinguishing Agents (할로겐화합물청정소화약제 안전기준 설정에 관한 연구)

  • Cho, Jung-Rae;Lee, Jong-Ho
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.32 no.5
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    • pp.22-33
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    • 2018
  • The amount of halogen clean fire extinguishing agents has been increased by the excellent features of extinguishing, adaptability and no residue. On the other hand in situations without a hazard assessment and safety standard of agents, chemical accidents by the agents occurs frequently. This study was performed to propose the halogen clean agents' regulatory exposure limit and safety standard including the quantitative ventilation system with gas leak monitoring, hazard recognition and optimal personal protection selection through a literature review and experimental research.

CO2 Suppression Characteristics of the Nitrogen-diluted Methane Counterflow Non-premixed Flame (질소로 희석된 대향류 메탄 비예혼합화염에서 CO2에 의한 소화특성)

  • Lee, Ho-Hyun;Oh, Chang Bo;Hwang, Cheol Hong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.42-48
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    • 2013
  • The $CO_2$ suppression characteristics and flame structure of nitrogen-diluted methane counterflow non-premixed flame were studied experimentally and numerically. To mimic a situation where combustion product gases are entrained into a compartment fire, fuel stream was diluted with $N_2$. A gas-phase suppression agent, $CO_2$, was diluted in the air-stream to investigate the suppression characteristics by the agent. For numerical simulation, an one-dimensional OPPDIF code was used for comparison with experimental results. An optically-thin radiation model(OTM) was adopted to consider radiation effects on the suppression characteristics. It was confirmed experimentally and numerically that suppression limit decreased with increasing nitrogen mole fraction in the fuel stream. A turning point was found only when a radiation heat loss was considered and the extinguishing concentration for turning point was differently predicted compared to the experiment result. Critical extinguishing concentration when neglecting radiation heat loss was also differently predicted compared with the experimental result.