• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.475-491
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• 2022

Purpose - This study analyzed the correlation and effect of FTA environmental factors (company internal environmental factors, corporate external environmental factors) between FTA utilization and performance of Shandong companies in China. Design/methodology/approach - To test the hypothesis, SPSS 24.0 statistical packages were used based on the collected data. Findings - First, it was confirmed that internal environmental factors (international marketing orientation, corporate competitiveness, and corporate awareness of FTA) of companies had a positive(+) effect on FTA utilization. Second, The government's support for FTA utilization will have a significant positive (+) effect on companies' FTA utilization.Non-tariff barriers will have a negative (-) effect on companies' use of FTA. Third, A company's FTA utilization will have a significant positive effect on FTA performance. Research implications or Originality - If Shandong companies want to increase the utilization of FTAs, they should strengthen international marketing, such as collecting information on competitors and improving product quality and price competitiveness, and increase corporate competitiveness through active export activities to the global market.In order to increase the awareness of FTA among enterprises in Shandong Province, the government should strengthen the relevant education of enterprises about FTA.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2011

본 연구는 가격할인이 관여도의 수준에 따라 가치지각 간에 미치는 영향의 경로가 서로 상이하다는 가정 하에 관여도에 따른 지각가치와 구매의향 및 탐색의도 간의 관계를 실험적으로 검증하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 고관여의 경우는 지각거래가치가 지각획득가치에 긍정적인 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 고관여 구매자의 지각획득가치는 구매의향에 긍정적인 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타난 반면, 지각획득가치가 탐색의도에 미치는 영향은 통계적으로 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 저관여의 경우에도 고관여와 같이 구매자의 지각거래가치는 구매의향에 긍정적인 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 지각획득가치가 탐색의도에 대하여 부(-)의 영향을 미치지 못한 것으로 판단된다. 이는 가격할인에 따른 거래가치 향상에도 불구하고 지각품질 수준이 하향되면서 품질에 대한 의심이 생겨 추가정보 탐색의 필요성이 생김에 따른 것으로 풀이된다. 이러한 연구결과는 소비자는 관여도에 따라 획득가치 또는 거래가치에 대하여 중요하게 인지하지만 소비자가 어떤 지각가치에 더욱 의존하여 구매행동을 결정짓는가에 따라 이에 부합하는 가치 향상전략을 수립해야 한다는 시사점을 제시하고 있다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.25-53
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• 2013

This study analyzes the effect of Computer Aided Innovation (CAI) to improve R&D Capabilities empirically. Survey was distributed by e-mail and Google Docs, targeting CTO of 235 SMEs. 142 surveys were returned back (rate of return 60.4%) from companies. Survey results from 119 companies (83.8%) which are effective samples except no-response, insincere response, estimated value, etc. were used for statistics analysis. Companies with less than 50billion KRW sales of entire researched companies occupy 76.5% in terms of sample traits. Companies with less than 300 employees occupy 83.2%. In terms of the type of company business Partners (called 'partners with big companies' hereunder) who work with big companies for business occupy 68.1%. SMEs based on their own business (called 'independent small companies') appear to occupy 31.9%. The present status of holding IT system according to traits of company business was classified into partners with big companies versus independent SMEs. The present status of ERP is 18.5% to 34.5%. QMS is 11.8% to 9.2%. And PLM (Product Life-cycle Management) is 6.7% to 2.5%. The holding of 3D CAD is 47.1% to 21%. IT system-holding and its application of independent SMEs seemed very vulnerable, compared with partner companies of big companies. This study is comprised of IT infra and IT Utilization as CAI capacity factors which are independent variables. factors of R&D capabilities which are independent variables are organization capability, process capability, HR capability, technology-accumulating capability, and internal/external collaboration capability. The highest average value of variables was 4.24 in organization capability 2. The lowest average value was 3.01 in IT infra which makes users access to data and information in other areas and use them with ease when required during new product development. It seems that the inferior environment of IT infra of general SMEs is reflected in CAI itself. In order to review the validity used to measure variables, Factors have been analyzed. 7 factors which have over 1.0 pure value of their dependent and independent variables were extracted. These factors appear to explain 71.167% in total of total variances. From the result of factor analysis about measurable variables in this study, reliability of each item was checked by Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. All measurable factors at least over 0.611 seemed to acquire reliability. Next, correlation has been done to explain certain phenomenon by correlation analysis between variables. As R&D capabilities factors which are arranged as dependent variables, organization capability, process capability, HR capability, technology-accumulating capability, and internal/external collaboration capability turned out that they acquire significant correlation at 99% reliability level in all variables of IT infra and IT Utilization which are independent variables. In addition, correlation coefficient between each factor is less than 0.8, which proves that the validity of this study judgement has been acquired. The pair with the highest coefficient had 0.628 for IT utilization and technology-accumulating capability. Regression model which can estimate independent variables was used in this study under the hypothesis that there is linear relation between independent variables and dependent variables so as to identify CAI capability's impact factors on R&D. The total explanations of IT infra among CAI capability for independent variables such as organization capability, process capability, human resources capability, technology-accumulating capability, and collaboration capability are 10.3%, 7%, 11.9%, 30.9%, and 10.5% respectively. IT Utilization exposes comprehensively low explanatory capability with 12.4%, 5.9%, 11.1%, 38.9%, and 13.4% for organization capability, process capability, human resources capability, technology-accumulating capability, and collaboration capability respectively. However, both factors of independent variables expose very high explanatory capability relatively for technology-accumulating capability among independent variable. Regression formula which is comprised of independent variables and dependent variables are all significant (P<0.005). The suitability of regression model seems high. When the results of test for dependent variables and independent variables are estimated, the hypothesis of 10 different factors appeared all significant in regression analysis model coefficient (P<0.01) which is estimated to affect in the hypothesis. As a result of liner regression analysis between two independent variables drawn by influence factor analysis for R&D capability and R&D capability. IT infra and IT Utilization which are CAI capability factors has positive correlation to organization capability, process capability, human resources capability, technology-accumulating capability, and collaboration capability with inside and outside which are dependent variables, R&D capability factors. It was identified as a significant factor which affects R&D capability. However, considering adjustable variables, a big gap is found, compared to entire company. First of all, in case of partner companies with big companies, in IT infra as CAI capability, organization capability, process capability, human resources capability, and technology capability out of R&D capacities seems to have positive correlation. However, collaboration capability appeared insignificance. IT utilization which is a CAI capability factor seemed to have positive relation to organization capability, process capability, human resources capability, and internal/external collaboration capability just as those of entire companies. Next, by analyzing independent types of SMEs as an adjustable variable, very different results were found from those of entire companies or partner companies with big companies. First of all, all factors in IT infra except technology-accumulating capability were rejected. IT utilization was rejected except technology-accumulating capability and collaboration capability. Comprehending the above adjustable variables, the following results were drawn in this study. First, in case of big companies or partner companies with big companies, IT infra and IT utilization affect improving R&D Capabilities positively. It was because most of big companies encourage innovation by using IT utilization and IT infra building over certain level to their partner companies. Second, in all companies, IT infra and IT utilization as CAI capability affect improving technology-accumulating capability positively at least as R&D capability factor. The most of factor explanation is low at around 10%. However, technology-accumulating capability is rather high around 25.6% to 38.4%. It was found that CAI capability contributes to technology-accumulating capability highly. Companies shouldn't consider IT infra and IT utilization as a simple product developing tool in R&D section. However, they have to consider to use them as a management innovating strategy tool which proceeds entire-company management innovation centered in new product development. Not only the improvement of technology-accumulating capability in department of R&D. Centered in new product development, it has to be used as original management innovative strategy which proceeds entire company management innovation. It suggests that it can be a method to improve technology-accumulating capability in R&D section and Dynamic capability to acquire sustainable competitive advantage.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.28-49
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• 2019

본 연구는 국가 및 지역의 경제성장과 일자리 창출에 기여도가 큰 고성장기업을 대상으로 혁신활동의 특성을 분석하고자 한다. 매년 평균 20% 이상의 매출액 또는 근로자수의 성장을 보이는 고성장기업과 그렇지 않은 일반기업의 혁신활동을 비교 분석하고자 2016년 기술혁신조사 제조업 데이터를 활용하였다. 주요 연구결과로는 첫째, 고성장기업은 일반기업에 비해 R&D인력 비중이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 고성장기업은 일반기업에 비해 혁신을 적극적으로 도입하고 있다. 고성장기업은 4개 유형별 혁신에서 마케팅 혁신을 제외하고, 제품혁신, 공정혁신, 조직혁신을 적극 도입하고 있다. 다만, 제품혁신과 공정혁신과 관련된 혁신활동에 있어 외부 R&D를 제외하고 고성장기업과 일반기업은 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 셋째, 개방형 혁신에 있어 제품/공정혁신과 관련된 외부 정보원천의 활용으로 나타나는 '외부지식 탐색' 활동은 고성장기업과 일반기업 간의 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었고, '혁신 협력'에 있어서 타기업 및 타기관과 협력 여부는 고성장기업이 일반기업에 비해 더 많다고 할 수 있지만, 협력파트너의 다양성에 있어서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 넷째, 혁신을 보호하는 방법에 있어서 고성장기업이 일반기업에 비해 '지식재산권 활용', '사내 기밀로 유지', '복잡한 설계방식을 채택', '경쟁기업에 앞서 시장 선점' 등 모든 유형의 보호방법에 대해서 더 중요하다고 판단하고 있고, 특히 지식재산권 활용이 가장 중요한 수단인 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 정부의 혁신정책이 혁신활동에 기여하는 정도에 대해서 고성장기업은 '연구개발 보조금 및 투 융자', '지식재산권 획득 활용 보호', '인력난 해소' 등의 순으로 중요하다고 응답하였고, 이 3가지 항목은 일반기업이 응답한 기여도보다 더 크게 나타났고 이는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이고 있다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2013

본 연구는 대형유통업체와 거래 관계에 있는 제조업체가 대형유통업체가 보유한 물류창고를 활용하는 데에 따른 물류비용의 효율성을 측정하기 위한 요인들을 도출하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 대형유통업체와 거래를 하고 있는 제조업체가 물류 방식을 결정할 때 대형유통업체의 물류창고를 이용하거나 혹은 제조업체가 보유한 자체 물류창고 및 이미 활용하고 있는 외주 물류창고를 이용할 수가 있다. 이 때 제조업체가 어떠한 물류창고를 이용하는가에 따라 물류비용의 효율성은 달라질 것이다. 또한 제조업체가 이용할 물류창고를 결정하게 하는 다양한 요인들이 있을 것이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 제조업체가 이용할 물류창고 결정 요인으로 제조업체와 유통업체 간의 시장지배력과 같은 영향력 변수로써 사업 환경의 불확실성의 정도, 제조업체가 보유한 역량, 제조업체와 대형유통업체의 거래 특성 요인들을 도출하였으며, 이들 요인은 물류창고 비용효율성을 측정할 수 있는 지표로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.3104-3104
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• 2001

The research described here was undertaken with the aim of monitoring, optimizing and ultimately controlling the production of heterofermentative microbes used as starters in the salami industry. The use of starter cultures in the fermented meats industry is a well-established technique used to shorten and standardize the ripening process, and to improve and control the organoleptic quality of the final product. Starter cultures are obtained by the submerged cultivation of suitable microorganisms in stirred, and sometimes aerated, fermenters where monitoring of key physiological parameters such as the concentration of biomass, substrates and metabolites suffers from the general lack of real-time measurement techniques applicable to aseptic processes. In this respect, the results of the present work are relevant to all submerged fermentation processes. Previous work on the application of on-line NIR spectroscopy to the lactic acid fermentation (Dosi et al. - Monreal NIR1995) had successfully used a system based on a measuring cell included in a circulation loop external to the fermenter. The fluid handling and sterility problems inherent in an external circulation system prompted us to explore the use of an in-line system where the NIR probe is immersed in the culture and is thus exposed to the hydrodynamic conditions of the stirred and aerated fluid. Aeration was expected to be a potential source of problems in view of the possible interference of air bubbles with the measurement device. The experimental set-up was based on an in-situ sterilizable NIR probe connected to the instrument by means of an optical fiber bundle. Preliminary work was carried out to identify and control potential interferences with the measurement, in particular the varying hydrodynamic conditions prevailing at the probe tip. We were successful in defining the operating conditions of the fermenter and the geometrical parameters of the probe (flow path, positioning, etc.) were the NIR readings were reliable and reproducible. The system thus defined was then used to construct and validate calibration curves for tile concentration of biomass, carbon source and major metabolites of two different microorganisms used as salami starters. Real-time measurement of such parameters coupled with the direct interfacing of the NIR instrument with the PC-based measurement and control system of the fermenter enabled the development of automated strategies for the interactive optimization of the starter production process.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1-32
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• 2008

기업연상(corporate association)이 제품 평가(product responses)에 어떻게 영향을 미치는 가에 대한 연구가 부진하다는 Brown and Dacin(1997)의 문제 제기가 있은 후, 기업연상이 제품 판단에 미치는 영향과 과정에 대한 조절변수와 매개변수들을 파악하려는 연구가 진행되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 기업연상의 두가지 유형인 CA(corporate ability) 연상과 CSR(corporate social responsibility) 연상이 성능과 재무위험에 미치는 영향력과 그 영향력을 조절하는 변수들을 조사하였다. 분석 결과에 의하면, 주효과(main effects)에 있어서는, 가설에서 기대한 바와 같이 CA 연상이 성능위험과 재무위험에 유의한 영향력을 갖는 것으로 나타난 반면, CSR 연상은 성능위험과 재무위험에 대해 유의한 영향력을 갖지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 조절변수로 인한 상호작용효과와 관련해서는, CA 연상이 성능위험과 재무위험에 미치는 주효과에 대해 제품범주 지식과 관여는 각각 유의한 조절효과를 나타내었다. 하지만, CSR 연상이 성능위험과 재무위험에 미치는 주효과에 대해서는 제품범주 지식과 관여의 조절효과는 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 연구 결과를 통하여 제품의 기능적인 속성에 대한 정보가 부족한 제품에 대해 소비자가 지각하는 위험을 감소시키기 위하여, 기업은 CSR 연상보다는 CA 연상에 대해 강조할 필요가 있다는 결론을 내리게 되었다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제39권12호
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• pp.698-705
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• 2017

전과정평가 기법을 적용하여 재생 플라스틱을 사용한 휴대폰 충전기의 전과정 환경영향을 정량화하고, 신재 플라스틱과 재생플라스틱의 환경영향을 비교하였다. 충전기의 제조전, 제조, 유통, 사용 및 폐기를 포함하는 전과정 단계별로 자원고갈, 산성화, 부영양화, 지구온난화, 오존층고갈, 광화학산화물생성 환경영향을 분석하였다. 자원고갈 및 지구온난화 영향범주에서는 충전기의 사용단계 환경영향이 각각 94.4%, 70%를 차지하여 가장 큰 환경영향을 나타냈고, 그 외 영향범주에서는 제조전단계의 환경영향이 98% 이상을 차지하였다. 사용단계의 경우 충전기에 의해 소모되는 전력이 주요 원인이고, 제조전단계 경우 PBA (Printed Board Assembly)와 외장 Case 제조공정이 주요 원인이었다. 외장 Case에 사용되는 재생 PC (Polycarbonate)의 환경개선 효과를 정량화하기 위해 재생 PC와 신재 PC 각 1 kg 생산할 때의 환경영향을 평가하였다. 재생 PC는 신재 PC 대비 자원고갈영향은 30% 수준이며 다른 영향범주에서는 5% 미만으로 잠재적인 환경개선효과가 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 연구에 활용된 주요 데이터 및 가정에 대해 민감도 분석을 수행하였고, 총 12개 항목 분석결과 모든 항목에서 민감도는 10% 미만으로 도출되어 연구 결과의 신뢰도는 높다고 판단된다. 이 연구결과를 통해 충전기의 친환경성 개선을 위해서는 PBA의 소형/경량화 설계, 충전효율의 개선, 재생플라스틱 사용 확대가 전과정 환경영향을 줄이는데 중요한 설계 인자임을 확인하였다.

• 한국관광식음료학회지:관광식음료경영연구
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• 제7권
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• pp.231-266
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• 1997

TQM is a whole process of systemizing, documenting and measuring of service quality scientifically to achieve zero defects in product quality and to continue to improve the body of the product quality by itself. To have this process be improved continuously, first of all it needs to prepare an ideal environment to understand and to conform to its internal and external customers', that is every guests' and employees' expectations and demands. Then it has to be followed by the next step removing some negative aspects that could be derived from the first mentioned process The third step is to cut the cost be suitable compensation rather than an attitude trying to solve the problems in an easy way. The last essential factor for setting up TQM system is to make good use of the outstanding feature or process as it is reviewed against the superior benchmark. The purpose of this study is meet the customers' expectations and to maximize the hotel's profits by searching TQM(total quality management) strategy in hotels. To attain this research's objective, it follows these three details. Firstly, it defines TQM and its contents. Secondly, it provides the standard of hotel TQM throughout some case studies. Thirdly, it suggests TQM strategic plan in tourism hotel as one of professional management strategies. Two useful methods are used together to achieve the goal of this study. To confirm its theoretical consideration, descriptive studies by the research documents its theoretical consideration, descriptive studies by the research documents published in and out of the country is used. The other is case studies of TQM execution in real hospitality industry, which present the cases of the airline, Jefferson Memorial and the hotel. This research is targeting to demonstrate the successful TQM's exercise in a hotel industry by completing the theoretical studies and case studies on service product quality with an understanding of its importance. As it is said earlier, to lead to the successful TQM's practice, it is necessary to maintain a constant training of the employees. Secondly, it also must identify where it has to focus on to deliver a professional quality management. Thirdly, effective quality management organization needs to be build up. The manager's strong will to accomplish and the employee' active participations are the last condition to be succeed. Once again this study places an emphasis on the fact that TQM is critical to maximize the customers' satisfaction and the hotel's profitability. It is also very worthwhile to have every people working on front line recognize why the TQM is important and further more how they can contribute to improve their service quality by a positive participation and a careful observation of TQM's operating in their property.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국HCI학회 2009년도 학술대회
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• pp.944-948
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• 2009

휴대전화는 현재 가장 사적인 이동통신 수단으로 범용인증가입모듈의 보급과 함께 그 개인화 특성이 극대화 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 휴대전화의 기능 모형을 도출하고 이를 기능 관계 모델을 사용하여 휴대전화의 개인화 기능 관계 모델을 제시하고, 그 작업을 분석한다. 제품의 기능 사이의 관계를 보여줄 수 있는 기능 관계 모델을 도출하기 위해 기능, 작업, 작업의 흐름, 작업의 목적, 기능범주, 기능범주와 기능 간의 영향 등을 사용하였으며, 이를 사용하여 최신 휴대전화의 기능 관계 모델을 작성하였다. 최근 휴대전화 3 개 모델로 만든 기능 관계 모델은 320 여개의 기능과 21 개의 기능 범주가 도출된 기능 모형을 기반으로 만들어졌다. 이를 개인화 기능을 중심으로 기능 관계를 모델링하게 되면 개인화 기능을 위한 정보가 저장되고 사용되는 내/외장 메모리가 모델의 중심에 놓이게 되는 기능 관계 모델이 도출되고, 저장과 조회, 연동 및 검색 등이 주요 작업이 된다, 휴대전화에서 개인화 기능 강화를 위해서는 각 기능간의 관계에 해당하는 작업을 강화하는 것이 주요하다.