• 한국직업건강간호학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.152-159
• /
• 2018

Purpose: This study identified the influence of hotel workers' emotional labor and social support on their intentions to change jobs. Methods: Study participants were 437 workers from seven hotels in Korea who consented to the survey. Among them, insufficient responses from 21 participants were excluded, as well as 107 responses from workers with workloads of under one hour of face to face work. Thus, 309 hotel workers were included in the final analysis. A multivariate regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing the hotel workers' intention to change jobs. Results: The intention to change jobs was high when external behavior was shown, and workers who received social support from a superior exhibited low intention of changing jobs. Conclusion: The study results show that the most influential variables of turnover intention are external behavior and the support of a superior. It is therefore important to educate managers on personnel management methods for reducing external behaviors so that the rate of job changes by hotel workers can be reduced. It is also necessary to prepare and manage measures for strengthening the support system by workplace superiors.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.60-76
• /
• 2021

The concept of resilience seems applicable for sustainable groundwater management. The resilience is broadly defined as the ability of a system to resist changes by external forces (EFs), and has been used for disaster management and climate change adaptation, including the groundwater resilience to climate change in countries where groundwater is a major water resource, whereas not yet in the geological society of South Korea. The resilience is qualitatively assessed using the absorptive, adaptive, and restorative capacity representing the internal robustness, self-organization, and external recovery resources, respectively, while quantitatively using the system impact (SI) and recovery effort (RE). When the groundwater is considered a complicated system where physicochemical, biological, and geological components interact, the groundwater resilience can be defined as the ability of groundwater to maintain the targeted quality and quantity at any EFs. For the quantitative assessment, however, the resilience should be specified to an EF and measurable parameters should be available for SI and RE. This study focused on groundwater resilience to two EFs in urban areas, i.e., pollution due to land use change and groundwater withdrawal for underground structures. The resilience to each EF was assessed using qualitative components, while measurements for SI and RE were discussed.

• 동남아시아연구
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.155-184
• /
• 2017

2017년 창설 50주년을 맞은 아세안에 대한 기대와 우려가 공존한다. 아세안공동체(ASEAN Community)가 2015년 말 공식 출범한 이후 비전 실현에 대한 기대와 급변하는 역내외 환경에서의 효율적 대처 가능성에 대한 우려가 있다. 이 글은 변화와 연속성을 중심으로 2016년 아세안공동체 추진 현황과 대외관계를 고찰하고자한다. 첫째, 지역적 차원에서 아세안공동체로의 제도화과정과 기능적 협력 현황을 살피고자한다. 최근 아세안 회원국의 국내정치변동이 아세안방식의 수정에 대한 압력으로 대두될 가능성을 지적하고자한다. 둘째, 아세안 대외관계의 특징으로 변화보다는 연속성에 주목할 것이다. 아세안 대외관계의 양태는 전형적인 갈등회피적 양상과 현상유지적 성격을 그대로 유지하고 개발 협력 의제에 집중했다. 이러한 입장은 아세안의 단결(unity)에 긍정적인 기여를 하고 있으며 아세안 엘리트들이 공통적으로 추구하는 목표인 지역 회복력(regional resilience)을 추구함에 있어 유용함을 주장하고자 한다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.337-353
• /
• 2021

Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) are widely employed in sensors, biomedical devices, optic sectors, and micro-accelerometers. New reinforcement materials such as carbon nanotubes as well as graphene platelets provide stiffer structures with controllable mechanical specifications by changing the graphene platelet features. This paper deals with buckling analyses of functionally graded graphene platelets micro plates with two piezoelectric layers subjected to external applied voltage. Governing equations are based on Kirchhoff plate theory assumptions beside the modified couple stress theory to incorporate the micro scale influences. A uniform temperature change and external electric field are regarded along the micro plate thickness. Moreover, an external in-plane mechanical load is uniformly distributed along the micro plate edges. The Hamilton's principle is employed to extract the governing equations. The material properties of each composite layer reinforced with graphene platelets of the considered micro plate are evaluated by the Halpin-Tsai micromechanical model. The governing equations are solved by the Navier's approach for the case of simply-supported boundary condition. The effects of the external applied voltage, the material length scale parameter, the thickness of the piezoelectric layers, the side, the length and the weight fraction of the graphene platelets as well as the graphene platelets distribution pattern on the critical buckling temperature change and on the critical buckling in-plane load are investigated. The outcomes illustrate the reduction of the thermal buckling strength independent of the graphene platelets distribution pattern while meanwhile the mechanical buckling strength is promoted. Furthermore, a negative voltage, -50 Volt, strengthens the micro plate stability against the thermal buckling occurrence about 9% while a positive voltage, 50 Volt, decreases the critical buckling load about 9% independent of the graphene platelet distribution pattern.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.3-14
• /
• 2018

An apartment complex is a building use with great potential to contribute to solving problems related to urban ecological environment and climate change. The first goal of this study is to grasp the current situation of application and limitations of the ecological area rate, which is a representative evaluation index used to evaluate the environmental performance of the external space of an apartment complex in Green Standard for Energy and Environmental Design (G-SEED). The second goal is to propose a prototype of the evaluation index for evaluating greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction performance in order to supplement the evaluation index for the environmental performance of the external space in terms of response to climate change. We analyzed 43 cases of apartment complexes certified according to G-SEED, which was enforced since July 1, 2010, and found application characteristics of each space type and the limitations of ecological area rate. We analyzed overseas green building certification systems such as LEED and BREEAM that derived implications for supplementing the limitations of ecological area rate, which is focused on the evaluation of soil and water circulation function, and set up a development direction of complementary measures. Through analysis of previous studies, relevant regulations and standards, and technical documents of the manufacturer, the heat island mitigation performance of the pavement and roof surfaces of the apartment complex and the carbon uptake performance of the trees in the apartment complex was selected as parameters to yield the GHG reduction performance of the external space of the apartment complex. Finally, a quantitative evaluation method for each parameter and a prototype of the evaluation index for the GHG reduction performance were proposed. As a result of applying the prototype to an apartment complex case, the possibility of adoption and applicability as an evaluation index of G-SEED were proved.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
• /
• 제52권10호
• /
• pp.671-680
• /
• 2019

기후변화에 따른 수문순환 요소들의 변화로 인해 미래에는 전 세계적으로 수문사상의 규모 및 빈도가 증가할 것이라는 많은 선행연구들이 있다. 하지만 북한지역의 미래 강수량에 대한 정량적 연구와 평가는 미비한 실정이다. 북한지역 역시 우리나라와 마찬가지로 극한강수에 따른 피해가 발생될 것으로 예상되기 때문에 북한지역에 관한 연구는 지속적으로 진행되어야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 정상성 및 비정상성 빈도해석을 통해 북한지역의 미래(2020-2060년) 극한강수를 산정하고 현재기후(1981-2017년)와 비교 분석하였다. 비정상성 빈도해석은 RCP기후변화시나리오에 따라 모의된 HadGEM2-AO모델의 외부인자(JFM(1-3월), AMJ(4-6월), JAS(7-9월), OND(10-12월)의 평균 강수량)를 고려하여 수행하였다. 북한지역 극치 강우 사상과 유사한 경향을 보이는 외부인자 선정을 위해 앙상블 경험적 모드분해법을 활용하여 연 최대 강우자료의 잔차를 추출하였다. 추출된 잔차와 외부인자 사이의 상관성분석을 실시하였다. 8개 지점(강계, 삼지연, 장진, 양덕, 함흥, 신포, 장전, 신계)에서 3개의 외부인자(AMJ, JAS, OND)가 경향이 있음을 확인하였다. 선정된 외부인자를 고려하여 비정상성 GEV모형을 구축하고 빈도해석을 수행하였다. 그 결과, RCP4.5에서는 8개 지점 중 4개 지점이 현재기후 대비 미래극한강수량이 감소하는 경향을 보였고 3개 지점이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 RCP8.5에서는 2개 지점이 감소하는 경향을 5개 지점이 증가하는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국품질경영학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국품질경영학회 1998년도 The 12th Asia Quality Management Symposium* Total Quality Management for Restoring Competitiveness
• /
• pp.625-630
• /
• 1998

The conventional management which had economic requirement such as productivity, competition, customer satisfaction, and return needs the environmental management in order to meet a change of the external situation such as the environmental requirement (such as resources reduction, pollution prevention, and waste reduction). However, there have been a few studies which try to investigate internal factor and to regard external factors as negative ones. This paper proposes the external factors are significant to the performance. Several hypotheses were developed regarding the relationships. Based on the collected data from 126 firms, the hypotheses were analyed with SPSS.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2006

For the purpose of processing weather data for air conditioning equipment de sign in Busan area Korea, this study collected weather observations made by Busan weather Administration from 1970 to 2003, and then established external conditions for heating and air-conditioning design. For changes of temperature in external conditions for design, the highest temperature had little changed, whereas the lowest had been on the rise as the years went by through the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, but insolation has a little lessened. Absolute humidity does not show a significant change but an incessant rise.

• 대한전기학회논문지
• /
• 제33권8호
• /
• pp.316-324
• /
• 1984

In the wound rotor induction motor, the external resistor is usually added to the rotor circuit in order to limit the starting current. In this scheme, whilst the starting current is limited, the available torque is remarkably reduced. In this paper, to improve the starting characteristics the stator current can be maintained constant by adjusting the external resistor. To change the external resistor, teh chopper and the resistor is connected in parallel, and the chopper duty cycle is adjusted by microprocessor. The duty cycle is calculated according to the actual speed of motor by microprocessor look-up table map. In this suggested scheme, the starting characteristics are remarkably improved without over-current. The starting time of this system is reduced by 20-48 Percent compared with fixed extemal resistance system in the same load.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 2013

This study is to diagnose causes of damage and defects on external walls of brick structures, focused on "Naju Noahn" Catholic Church of Modern Architectural Properties. The causes of crack and deflection are overloading, shortage strength of arch. Among those, main cause is cauesd by shortage strength of arch because center of arch is dislocated and skew back of arch is small angle. The causes of damage and elimination are weathering, plants of friction, freezing and thawing, durability decrement of material and attach defection. This defects and damage is caused by high-moisture that occurs in soil. The causes of discoloration are change of soil moisture and flimsy brickwork. These defects and damage are mainly occurred in coping of cornice, weathering of window sill.