• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

Price is one of the most important components of marketing mix. For consumers, price is an always-existing cue and definite evaluation criteria. However, information on price is meaningful only when it is perceived. Sources of price perception can be the actual retail price at the selling point, the internal reference price expected by consumers for a certain clothing product, and the external reference price advertised by marketer such as the price before mark-down. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of internal reference price on consumers' purchasing process of clothing products. A questionnaire including clothing stimuli was developed in order to assess consumers' internal reference price level. Usable data from 680 adult female urban residents were used for data analysis. Results indicated that consumers with relatively lower internal reference price tend to react low-price focused external reference price and use discount stores and unit price promotions. Consumers with relatively higher internal reference price advertisement are likely to have higher level of education, tend to infer price information to higher quality or prestige of products, and purchase clothing with regular retail price or coupons.

• IE interfaces
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.165-174
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• 1998

This study has empirically analyzed the competitive strategies of the Korean component manufacturers. To differentiate the competitive strategies, the study employed two indexes: degree of support from customer firms and degree of internal innovation process. The performance measures include cost, quality, delivery and flexibility. 115 questionnaires were finally collected from the Korean part manufacturers and used for the final analyses. ANOVA, Chi-squared tests and t-tests were employed for statistical analyses. There are two major findings in this study. First, both internal innovation and external support from customers are equally important to improve manufacturing competitiveness of Korean component manufacturers. Second, strategic path to improve competitiveness of Korean component manufacturers is as follows: focusing on internal innovation ${\rightarrow}$ seeking for formal relationship with customers ${\rightarrow}$ pursuing external support from customers.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.136-145
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• 1997

To analyzed ride quality and to predict durability in vehicle dynamics, it is essential to describe a road surface profile precisely. This paper presents a technique to generate road surface profiles in a spatial domain by using a power spectral density function. A single track power spectral density function is proposed to describe a road surface profile, which is also applicable for multi-track vehicle response analysis, The derived road surfaces are compared to ISO(International Organization for Standardization) standards and classifications, proposed by the MIRA(Motor Industry Research Association). The methodology in this paper is also proposed to generate road roughness description with a limited external data. A small amount of external curve data is combined with an internal PSD function to generate road surface roughness in a spatial domain.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.110-114
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• 2003

When using the dipping method for crystal formation, mono-layered colloidal crystal structures depend upon the lift-up rate of a glass substrate. The mono-layered colloidal crystals showed the highest quality when the glass substrate was raised at a rate of 3 mm/min at 25 $^{\circ}C$ in a 1 wt% polystyrene colloidal suspension (ethanol medium). In addition, in order to obtain multiple-layered colloidal crystals, an external electric Held was introduced. Multiple-layered colloidal crystals were successfully obtained via this method. The colloidal particles were well ordered over large areas and assembled into a homogeneous structure.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.61-66
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• 2008

Recently a certain level is required in natural ventilation for improving on the 'quality' aspect in housing. It is simulated the external flow around building which affact natural ventilation using CFD. Natural ventilation is estimated on the specific household which considered topography and not considered.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.811-815
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• 2005

Traditional passive suspension has limitations to meet the required specifications of high level trains, and so Active suspension system is proposed to meet the requirements with active components which could be controlled by external signal for optimized behavior of train. Active suspension is to be divided by Full active suspension and Semi-active suspension whether using the external power source or not, and though the performance of Semi-Active suspension is worse than Full one. Semi-active suspension is focused with its effectiveness per cost. Semi-Active suspension system consists of sensors, ECU (electrical control unit), and variable damper, which are to be designed to be fit for train system. And the software of ECU is to be developed for to be suited to its dynamic behavior through simulation result calculated by proven model. In this experimental study, the hardware and software of semi-active suspension system is to be realized and its performance for improvement of ride quality to be confirmed through roller rig test.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.115-119
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• 2005

This study is to examine changes since autonomy of lotting-out price of apartment house and planning factors related to sale of apartment house through leaflet of sale of apartment house. Objects of the study were leaflets of sale of apartment houses through the Donga Il Bo daily newspaper from 2001 to 2003. The results of research can be summarized to three. First, traffic of locational factors in advertisement of sale of apartment house showed the highest frequency and it was found that it was an important planning factor of apartment house. Second, considering that advanced facilities and the highest finishing materials were used, quality of apartment house has been advanced. Third, considering that community space, theme park and green zone showed high occupancy in external space, there has been high increase in external space as well as in internal one since autonomy of lotting-out price.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.87-98
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• 2020

This study analyzed milk consumption behavior of college students. According to the results of the analysis, the respondents mainly purchase milk with a capacity of 900 to 1,000 ml at the hypermarket. However, it was found that convenience stores mainly purchase 200 ml capacity. According to the results of factor analysis on milk purchase factors, milk purchase factors were classified into nutritional and cosmetic attributes. Nutritional properties include nutritional ingredients, sterilization method, bio-origin, quality, HACCP labeling, milk fat ratio, etc., and external properties include brand, manufacturer, packaging/package design, and manufacturing date. In order to expand the milk consumption of the young generation, I think it is necessary to strengthen marketing strategies.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.148-153
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• 2013

This study demonstrates a novel hybrid surface polishing process combining non-traditional electrochemical polishing(ECP) with external artificial ultrasonic vibration. ECP, typical noncontact surface polishing process, has been used to improve surface quality without leaving any mechanical scratch marks formed by previous mechanical processes, which can polish work material by electrochemical dissolution between two electrodes surfaces. This research suggests vibration electrochemical polishing(VECP) assisted by ultrasonic vibration for enhancing electrochemical reaction and surface quality compared to the conventional ECP. The localized roughness of work material is measured by atomic force microscopy(AFM) for detailed information on surface. Besides roughness, overall surface quality, material removal rate(MRR), and productivity etc. are compared with conventional ECP.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.197-205
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• 2017

The conflict between indoor environmental quality and energy consumption has become an unneglectable problem for highrise office buildings, where occupants' productivity is highly affected by their working environment. An effective Façade, therefore, should play the role of an active building skin by adapting to the ever-changing external environment and internal requirements. This paper explores the energy-saving and indoor environment-improving potential of a phase-change material (PCM) integrated Façade. Building performance simulations, combined with parametric study and sensitivity analysis, are adopted in this research. The result quantifies the potential of a PCM-integrated Façade with different configurations and PCM properties, taking as an example a south-oriented typical office room in Shanghai. It is found that a melting temperature of around $22^{\circ}C$ for the PCM layer is optimal. Compared to a conventional Façade, a PCM-integrated Façade effectively reduces total energy use, peak heating/cooling load, and operative temperature fluctuation during the periods of May-July and November-December.