• 커뮤니케이션디자인학연구
• /
• 제39권
• /
• pp.82-90
• /
• 2012

The present study is focused on investigating the subjective viewpoint of users favoring Galaxy phones as an element for emotional experience designs, and Q methodology used for the study of subjectivity has revealed 3 types. The first type is a type pursuing reasoned actions with high expectations for the emotional quality through direct and indirect experiences of Galaxy phones. They were shown to place an emphasis on portability and usability while having a low preference for the shape of external forms and materials. The second type is a type pursuing planned actions with an emphasis on individual subjective perceptions as well as both of physical sensation and usability. They were distinguished as a type preferring pleasure and efficiency experienced by its use. The third type is a type pursuing differentiated personalities with an emphasis on messages they want to deliver to other people through the products owned by an individual. They were identified as a type emphasizing display of personalities through differentiation in aesthetic elements.

• 한국융합학회논문지
• /
• 제9권7호
• /
• pp.277-283
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 Q 방법론을 적용하여 여대생의 피부건강관리에 대하여 개인들이 가지고 있는 주관성의 유형을 파악하고, 그 특징을 비교 분석하고자 시도하였다. 연구대상은 일개 대학 여대생 41명을 P표본으로 하여 총 141개의 Q 모집단으로부터 34개의 Q표본을 선택하여 9점 척도 상에 강제 분포하도록 하였으며, 대상자를 인터뷰하고 그에 대한 내용을 기록하였다. 자료는 QUANL program으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과 4개의 유형이 발견되었으며, 피부 관리에 있어 전문성을 중요시 하는 '전문적 지식 추구형', 기능성 화장품보다는 자연피부의 중요성을 나타내는 '자연지향형', 고기능성 화장품이나 적극적 피부관리를 추구하는 '적극적 자기관리형', 건강보다는 외형적인 부분을 중요시하는 '자기 과시형'으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 여대생의 피부건강관리에 대한 각 유형별 특성을 이해하고 이에 따른 피부건강관리를 위한 차별화된 교육방법이나 접근방법이 고려되어야 할 것이다.

• East Asian Economic Review
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.353-379
• /
• 2019

This paper aims to determine factors causing the stagnation of Korean firms' fixed investment after the global financial crisis, using panel data for the period of 1999-2016. Fixed investment remained sensitive to cash flow and Tobin's q although their effects decreased after the global financial crisis. A decreasing trend of cash flow and an increase in Tobin's q since the early 2000's imply that the worsening cash flow was a major factor behind the sluggish investment after the crisis. Meanwhile, debt-equity ratio remained significant for non-chaebol affiliated firms, reflecting disparity in access to external financing. Volatility of stock returns also became insignificant after the crisis, casting doubt on the argument that uncertainty was a major factor contributing to the decline of fixed investment. Analysis of financial investment confirmed the significant effect of cash flow, larger than that on financial investment than on fixed investment. In particular, debt repayment and other financial investment, except share repurchase, were sensitive to cash flow. However, the substitution of fixed investment by financial investment is a consequence, rather than a cause of declining fixed investment.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
• /
• 제24권8호
• /
• pp.669-673
• /
• 2011

The charged particle type display is a kind of the reflectivity type display and shows an image by absorption and reflection of external light source, which has keep an image without additional electric power because of bistability. In this paper, we made a device whose cell gap is $56\;{\mu}m$ and also analyzed driving and memory characteristics by applied driving voltages. As a result, we found that the driving voltage and memory effect depend on q/m(charge to mass ratio) of charged particle. In this case of breakdown voltage, the devices showed degradation of reflectivity and memory effect due to irregular movement of overcharged particles. In addition, contrast ratio of the device varies with memory effect. Thus, we consider that device needs uniform q/m for improvement of electric and optical properties and memory effect.

• 간호행정학회지
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-42
• /
• 1996

Most human behaviors are based on self-perceptual image. Subjectivity in professional nursing image is shown in their opinions, beliefs, values, and attitudes of professional nursing and it helps to understand individual's behavior. This study was initiated to find the characteristics and patterns in subjectivity of hospital nurses' professional nursing image. The Data were collected from Apr. 20 to Aug. 22, 1996. The research method employed Q-methodology which is based on self-psychology and abductive logics. Analysis of Q-type obtained by QUANL pc program. The characteristics of professional nursing image was analyzed based on the typal array, extreme comments, and the subject's demographic information. The results revealed that there are three different types on the professional nursing image. The three types were named as follows : The first type, the Improvable, consisting of 6 subjects, preferentially perceived nursing is human behavior as life process, coordinating with other health personnel for the patients as nurses' important role. On the other hand, they are taking a little dissatisfied view of professional nursing image, which can be estimated to advance for the construction of the professional nursing image. The second type, the Self-conflicted, consisting of 13 subjects, who have the subjectivity of the image by focusing on external and environmental factors rather than developing positive individual nurses' image for their profession. They have very conflic-ting and self-degrading traits. The third type, the Affirmative, consisting of 10 subjects, who appreciate the essence of nursing, and that they highly perceived nurse' positive attitude, devotion, mature interrelationship and self-developing efforts etc. In conclusion, this study discovers three types on the professional nursing image and their relationship. By identifying the nature of three types, this study suggests that the results should be useful reinforcement tool in educating nursing students as well as in continuing education for hospital nurses.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.1-5
• /
• 2005

강화학습(Reinforcement-Learning)의 목적은 환경으로부터 주어지는 보상(reward)을 최대화하는 것이며, 강화학습 에이전트는 외부에 존재하는 환경과 시행착오를 통하여 상호작용하면서 학습한다 대표적인 강화학습 알고리즘인 Q-Learning은 시간 변화에 따른 적합도의 차이를 학습에 이용하는 TD-Learning의 한 종류로서 상태공간의 모든 상태-행동 쌍에 대한 평가 값을 반복 경험하여 최적의 전략을 얻는 방법이다. 본 논문에서는 강화학습을 적용하기 위한 예를 n-Queen 문제로 정하고, 문제풀이 알고리즘으로 Q-Learning을 사용하였다. n-Queen 문제를 해결하는 기존의 방법들과 제안한 방법을 비교 실험한 격과, 강화학습을 이용한 방법이 목표에 도달하기 위한 상태전이의 수를 줄여줌으로써 최적 해에 수련하는 속도가 더욱 빠름을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.444-444
• /
• 2011

Recently, patterned magnetic films and elements attract a wide interest due to their technological potentials in ultrahigh-density magnetic recording and spintronic devices. Among those patterned magnetic structures, magnetic anti-dot patterning induces a strong shape anisotropy in the film, which can control the magnetic properties such as coercivity, permeability, magnetization reversal process, and magneto-resistance. While majority of the previous works have been concentrated on anti-dot arrays with a single magnetic layer, there has been little work on multilayered anti-dot arrays. In this work, we report on study of the magnetic properties of bilayered anti-dot system consisting of upper perforated Co layer of 40 nm and lower continuous Ni layer of 5 nm thick, fabricated by photolithography and wet-etching processes. The magnetic hysteresis (M-H) loops were measured with a superconducting-quantum-interference-device (SQUID) magnetometer (Quantum Design: MPMS). For comparison, investigations on continuous Co thin film and single-layer Co anti-dot arrays were also performed. The magnetic-domain configuration has been measured by using a magnetic force microscope (PSIA: XE-100) equipped with magnetic tips (Nanosensors). An external electromagnet was employed while obtaining the MFM images. The MFM images revealed well-defined periodic domain networks which arise owing to the anisotropies such as magnetic uniaxial anisotropy, configurational anisotropy, etc. The inclusion of holes in a uniform magnetic film and the insertion of a uniform thin Ni layer, drastically affected the coercivity as compared with single Co anti-dot array, without severely affecting the saturation magnetization ($M_s$). The observed changes in the magnetic properties are closely related to the patterning that hinders the domain-wall motion as well as to the magneto-anisotropic bilayer structure.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 해양환경안전학회 2003년도 추계학술발표회
• /
• pp.123-126
• /
• 2003

In the present paper, the analysis is on the safe navigation between ships moving each other in restricted waterways under the external force, such as wind or current The numerical simulation of manoeuvring motion was carried out to propose an appropriate safe speed and distance between ships, which is required to avoid marine disasters from the viewpoint of marine safety. From the inspection q this investigation, it indicates the following result In case of proximal navigation between ships under the wind and current, the low-speed vessel is potentially hazardous because the rudder force if low-speed vessel needed for steady-state course-keeping is not sufficient, compared to the high-speed vessel The manoeuvring characteristic based on this investigation will be very useful for keeping the safety of navigation from the practical point of ships design and traffic control in restricted waterways.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 1998년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 C
• /
• pp.953-955
• /
• 1998

In this paper, a double cylindrical type ozonizer has been designed and manufactured to improve ozone yield by cooling external electrode. The ozonizer equipped with three electrodes( central, internal and external electrodes ) and two gaps. Discharge and ozone characteristics are described in this paper by varying flux( Q ) of oxygen supplied gas, temperature of cooling gas and supplied voltage.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2004년도 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
• /
• pp.705-707
• /
• 2004

In this paper, we propose a robust control technique against parameter uncertainties as well as external disturbances. It is robust control scheme using discrete-time state space disturbance observer. It does not require disturbance modeling, plant inverse modeling and/or Q filter. In frequency domain, its performance is evaluated in terms of sensitivity and complementary sensitivity as well as gain and phase margin. Finally we discuss design criterion of state space disturbance observer considering its performance in frequency domain.