• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.117-136
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• 2016

External knowledge search is critical to expand the firm's knowledge base, increasing the innovation performance. However, prior literature has paid less scholarly attention on the boundary condition of the search activity. In particular, the few literatures on the contingency factors are either conceptual or focus on the firm characteristics such as resources and capability. In this regard, this study argues the negative moderating effect of knowledge protection and environmental uncertainty of a firm on the positive relationship between external knowledge search and innovation performance, because these contingency factors hamper the reciprocity and the mutual trust between the firm and its external partner that provides knowledge needed in the innovation process. The empirical analysis is based on the sample drawn from Korean Innovation Survey, provided by STEPI in Korea. The sample consists of 1,637 respondent firms that experienced product innovation during the survey period. We could find statistically supporting results for the negative moderating effect on the positive relationship between external knowledge search and innovation performance. This study extends the academic debate on the boundary conditions of external knowledge search and provides managerial implications for successful product innovation.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 1996

During the last two decades, many industrial complexes for heavy and chemical industries have been established along the Korean coastline, thereby increasing the pollution materials burden on the coastal environment of seawater. Masan Bay is one of the most polluted coastal areas in Korea and the main soures of pollutants are domestic and industrial wastewater from Masan, Changwon. This study was aimed to evaluate relationships among the physicochemical parameters in the bottom water of Masan bay and to examine environmental factors affecting to pollutions of seawater by factor analysis. 'rife factor loading, 1 is showed higher increasing inclination after 1989 year in station 1. The variance of pollutant materials is showed 43.7% in which the coastal inflow water is indicated external loadings(factor 1 : NO3--N, TN, factor 4 : SiO2-Si) corresponded to domestic sewage, industrial wastewater, and earth-sands in the bottom water of Masan bay And the internal loadings(factor 2 : SS, salinity, factor 3 . W.T., DO) are explained 33.8%'corresponded the phenomena of sedimentary layer and oxygen concentration. Therefore, The external loadings are explained by the higher factor pollutantal variance in Masan bay.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.157-190
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• 2016

This paper deals with frequency analysis of Euler-Bernoulli beams carrying an arbitrary number of Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic dampers, subjected to harmonic loads. Multiple external/internal dampers occurring at the same position along the beam axis, modeling external damping devices and internal damping due to damage or imperfect connections, are considered. The challenge is to handle simultaneous discontinuities of the response, in particular bending-moment/rotation discontinuities at the location of external/internal rotational dampers, shear-force/deflection discontinuities at the location of external/internal translational dampers. Following a generalized function approach, the paper will show that exact closed-form expressions of the frequency response under point/polynomial loads can readily be derived, for any number of dampers. Also, the exact dynamic stiffness matrix and load vector of the beam will be built in a closed analytical form, to be used in a standard assemblage procedure for exact frequency response analysis of frames.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.273-280
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• 1999

In order to protect inhabitans' health and to collect data for prediction of the effcts from accidental emission of rasioactive materials from nuclear power plant, exposed dose rate be monitored within the limit dose rate. This research was carried out to investigate the accumulation of environmental radioactivity around Younggwang Nuclear Power Plant, and to infer and in infer and assay the additional exposed dose rate of inhabitants in Younggwang site from the operation of nuclear plant operation. External radiation dose rate, radiation environmental samples, and exposed dose rate of inhabitants in Younggwang site were investigated for estimaing environment activity in the vicinity of the nuclear power plant area. For the external radiation dose rate, the result showed that range of normal variation was found and any artificial radioisotope was not deteted in the analysis of environmental samples. Exposed dose rate of inhabitants was lower than 0.4% of the limit value of ICRP and it may be concluded that there was no effect on inhabitants and environment from the operation of nuclear power plant.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2013

Water distribution pipes installed underground have potential risks of pipe failure and burst. After years of use, pipe walls tend to be corroded due to aggressive soil environments where they are located. The present study aims to assess the degree of external corrosion of a distribution pipe network. In situ data obtained through test pit excavation and direct sampling are carefully collated and assessed. A statistical approach is useful to predict severity of pipe corrosion at present and in future. First, criteria functions defined by discriminant function analysis are formulated to judge whether the pipes are seriously corroded. Data utilized in the analyses are those related to soil property, i.e., soil resistivity, pH, water content, and chloride ion. Secondly, corrosion factors that significantly affect pipe wall pitting (vertical) and spread (horizontal) on the pipe surface are identified with a view to quantifying a degree of the pipe corrosion. Finally, a most reliable model represented in the form of a multiple regression equation is developed for this purpose. From these analyses, it can be concluded that our proposed model is effective to predict the severity and rate of pipe corrosion utilizing selected factors that reflect the fuzzy soil environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.44-53
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• 2010

Recently, the external prestressed concrete structures are increasingly being built. The mechanical behavior of prestressed concrete beams with unbonded tendon is different from that of normal bonded PSC beams in that the increment of tendon stress was derived by whole member behavior. By this reason, the ultimate stress of external tendon is smaller than that of bonded tendon or internal unbonded tendon. However, in the domestic and abroad code, the equation of ultimate stress of external tendon is not suggested yet, and the equation of ultimate stress of internal unbonded tendon is used instead of that of external tendon. Therefore, in this paper, after effective variables of ultimate stress of external tendon were analyzed, the analytical equation of ultimate stress of external tendon was proposed. And the reasonable coefficients were proposed by statistical work of test results of 25 beam with external tendon. Finally, the practical proposed equation of ultimate stress of external tendon was proposed with analytical and statistical model. The equation of ACI-318 and AASHTO 1994 were not matched with test results and had no correlations, and the proposed equation was well matched with test results. So the proposed equation in this paper will be a effective basis for the evaluation of external tendons in analysis and design.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.657-671
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• 2014

This study investigates the differences in the recognition of the brand factors of the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) between the internal and external public. This study considers KIGAM's brand strategy among the various institutions contributing to the country's development. Through the analysis, this study provides strategic implications about science-related institutions as well as KIGAM. According to the results of the brand factors in various dimensions, differences in the recognition between the internal and external public were found to be evident. The results reveal that the internal public shows more positive attitude than the external public on the variables that affect KIGAM's branding strategies.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.27-60
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• 2022

Previous studies stated that low carbon innovation performance could be influenced by government regulations and the green market, which is the new trend of consumer consumption in the present time, mainly focusing on external factors. Before study augured that low carbon innovation performance could be driven by internal and external factors of cooperation such as institutional pressure, stakeholder pressure, and innovation resources. However, the study of green transformational leadership and organizational environmental culture on low carbon innovation performance is rare, especially in Chinese manufacturing, as well as the effect of influencing factors of TPB model: environmental attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavior capability on low carbon innovation performance. Previous studies mostly used the TPB model for predicting individual behavior. This study established a theoretical model combining the TPB model with green transformational leadership and organizational environmental culture of Chinese automobile manufacturing on low carbon innovation performance. This study consists of two sections of research methodology: section 1 related to questionnaire design and data collection. We established a questionnaire and distributed it online, targeting responses from the managerial level working in Chinese automobile manufacturing. Eventually, 155 valid questionnaires were used for analysis. Section 2 involved data analysis using statistical software. Reliability and data validity was examined by reliability analysis and factor analysis. Correlations and convergent validity analyses were applied, and structural equation modeling was conducted to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings indicated that green transformational leadership, organizational environmental culture, and essential factors of TPB model; environmental attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavior capability positively affect low carbon innovation performance. In addition, the indirect effect of green transformational leadership was tested and found that organizational environmental culture and TPB factors mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and low carbon innovation performance.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.107-113
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• 2015

This study analyzed the effect of the factors of introducing information technology(organizational and environmental characteristics) on non-financial performance. As detailed variables of each characteristic, the technical support/task force, users' IT capability, and education/training were used for the organizational characteristics while the degree of competition, external pressure, and uncertainty of environment were used for the environmental characteristics. In the results of the analysis, such factors like technical support/task force, users' IT capability, and education/training of the organizational characteristics had significant influence on non-financial performance. Also, factors such as degree of competition, external pressure, and uncertainty of environment of the environmental characteristics had significant influence on non-financial performance.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 2016

Sediment is a useful natural source but deteriorated continually by anthropogenic and industrial sources. Therefore, it is imperative to search a suitable method for improving or restoring sediment quality. Sediment has been tested to identify the effects of some external agents on a polluted area for 28 days. Chemical analysis and total viable counts (TVC) test have been conducted for 4 days interval to assess their performance. The analyses of chemical oxygen demand (COD), acid volatile sulfide (AVS), total phosphorous (T-P), total nitrogen (T-N) indicate that the chemical agents was more efficient to improve sediment quality whereas the microbial agent was more efficient for nutrient releasing from sediment. Oxygen releasing property of the chemical agent was thought to be providing with more congenial environment for the higher growth of the bacterial community than the direct application of microbial agents.