• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-24
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• 2016

This study examined 142 electronic components, video, audio, and communications equipment manufacturers (KSIC 32) out of all the SMEs that responded to the Survey on Technology of the Small and Medium Enterprises in both 2005 and 2007 and empirically analyzed how the external resources utilization and the absorptive capability affected the management and the innovation performance in two years as well as how the absorptive capability moderated these relationships. According to the results of analysis, the external resources utilization, as measured by the technology collaboration and the governments R&D subsidies, did not have a significant impact on performance whereas R&D investment showed a positive (+) influence on the sales and R&D personnel ratio, negative (-). On the other hand, the moderating effect of absorptive capability varied by measurement method and independent variables. That is, when a technology collaboration takes place, the performance improved with the increase of R&D investment but R&D personnel ration had an opposite effect. The companies whose performance improved as the government R&D subsidies increase are those with low R&D investment or high R&D personnel ratio. These results demonstrate that the SME's external resources utilization cannot replace the internal and that the absorptive capability needs to be accumulated to maximize the effectiveness of external resources utilization. Also, the technology collaboration requires SME's aggressive investment in R&D and the government R&D subsidies turn out to be more helpful for the companies that already have the R&D personnel but have been unable to develop their own technology due to insufficient funds. This study has limitations in that it was conducted within the limited industry categories and samples, but has overcome those of the existing researches by identifying causal relationships through the use of longitudinal data.

• 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.31-31
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• 2002

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.1009-1014
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• 2012

The influence of magnetic fields on chemical processes has long been the subject of interest to researchers. For this time numerous investigations show that commonly the effect of a magnetic field on chemical reactions is insignificant with impact less than 10 percent. However, there are some papers that point to the observation of external magnetic field effect on chemical and biochemical systems actually having a significant impact on the reactions. Thus, of great interest is an active search for rather simple but realistic models, that are based on physically explicit assumptions and able to account for a strong effect of low magnetic fields. The present work theoretically deals with two models explaining how an applied weak magnetic field might influence the steady state of a non-equilibrium chemical system. It is assumed that external magnetic field can have effect on the rates of radical reactions occurring in a system. This, in turn, leads to bifurcation of the nonequilibrium stationary state and, thus, to a drastic change in the properties of chemical systems (temperature and reagent concentration).

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.48-52
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• 2019

Recently, many studies have been reported on the magnetoresistance and Hall effect of REBCO thin films and bulk. The voltage interferes quench detection of high-temperature superconducting magnet and generates leakage current in no insulation high-temperature superconducting coil. Therefore, in this paper, experiments on magnetoresistance and Hall effect of commercial YBCO and GdBCO tapes have been carried out. As a result, anomalous voltages expected for the magnetoresistance and Hall effect of REBCO tapes were observed and analyzed. In addition, the voltage characteristics of REBCO have been identified, and the Hall coefficient are calculated for use in high magnetic field magnet applications.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 1996

Mn(II)+succinate decreased the carotenoid formation of the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma, probably by scavenging $O_2$. When duroquinone (DQ), an internal and external $O_2$ generator, was added to medium, P. rhodozyma produced more amount of carotenoids. The increased carotenoid production was destroyed by oxygen radical (OR) scavengers, ascorbate+Cu(II) and dimethylsulfoxide. When sub-lethal concentrations of $H_2O_2$ , an external OR source, and antimycin, an internal OR inducer, were used, the effect of $H_2O_2$ on carotenoid formation and composition was less significant than that of antimycin. Addition of superoxide dismutase, an external OR remover, rescued cells from death caused by the high concentration of DO. In this condition, the yeast culture showed an increase in carotenoid content. Addition of DQ into P. rhodozyma culture in the stationary phase did not increase carotenoid production. Therefore, carotenoid formation was stimulated by internal ORs in the growing yeast. It was probably due to release of catabolite repression on carotenogenesis in the yeast. Aeration was important for carotenoid production but was not as effective as the internal OR producer, DQ.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.13 no.1 s.32
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• pp.179-191
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• 2007

This paper aims to improve management and make the bakery business stable by investigating the difficulties in bakery management and the current management conditions of bakery businesses. Using Windows SPSS 11.0, the bottleneck in bakery management and its influence on sales and job satisfaction were analyzed. Besides, a regression analysis was conducted to investigate the effect of difficulties in bakery management on sales and job satisfaction. According to the analysis, a total of 44 variables were observed as the difficulties in bakery management. Among them, 34 variables were caused by 7 factors: facility, product, employee, finance, production, external advertisement. In the regression analysis, it has turned out that the difficulties in management had influence on sales dissatisfaction in facility, product, employee, finance, production, and external factors. Especially, employee factor turned out the most influential one on sales dissatisfaction. Furthermore, it has turned out that the bottleneck in management had influence on job dissatisfaction in all 7 factors. Above all, the external factor turned out the most influential one.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.7-12
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• 2017

Purpose - This research examines the short-run and long-run effect of external shocks (oil price and exchange rate) on domestic food price in Indonesia. Research design, data, and methodology - Three variables are used in this research. The variables are food price index, Rupiah's exchange rate of Indonesia, and crude oil price from 1998 until 2015 using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Results - The increasing of oil price and the depreciation of Rupiah's rate push the domestic food price in long-run, but do not impact significantly in short- term. The response of food price to oil prices shock and exchange rate shock are positive and persistent throughout the entire sample period. The exchange rate and oil price shocks have a small proportion explaining for the fluctuations of food price index but increasing over time. Conclusions - The policymaker should concern on solving the problem of oil price increase and depreciation of exchange rate on Indonesia's food price as they are important factors that can affect the price stability. The government should not rely on food imports because the price is strongly influenced by the movements in the exchange rate.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2020

This paper aims to empirically study the determinants of liquidity of Indian listed firms. To account for profit persistence, we apply a (pooled, fixed and random) effect models to a panel of Indian listed firms that covers the time period from 2010 to 2016. This study consists of 2154 firms operating in Indian market. Liquidity (LQD) of Indian firms is measured by liquid assets to total assets, whereas bank size, capital adequacy, profitability, leverage, and firm age are used as internal determinants. Further, economic activity, inflation rate, exchange rate, and interest rate are the external factors considered. The findings reveal that leverage, return on assets, and firm age are the essential internal determinants that impact the liquidity of Indian listed firms. Furthermore, among the internal determinants, the results indicate that firm size, leverage ratio, return on assets ratio, and firm age are found to have a significant positive association with firms' LQD, except leverage ratio and firm age has a negative relationship with firms' LQD. From this result, this article has provides helpful ideas and empirical evidence on the inner and external determinants of the companies mentioned in India is very useful to bankers, analysts, regulators, investors and other stakeholders.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.67-73
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• 2020

The paper examines the influence of internal factors and external factors on liquidity of Vietnamese listed enterprises. The study uses robust regression techniques in the fixed effects linear panel data using data collected from companies listing on the stock market in Vietnam during 2008-2019, with a total of 6,700 observations. Liquidity of Vietnamese listed enterprises is measured by current assets to current liabilities, whereas firm size, capital adequacy, profitability, leverage are used as internal determinants. Further, economic activity, inflation rate, exchange rate, and interest rate are the external factors which are considered. The research results indicate that capital adequacy, return on equity, leverage, economic activity have a positive effect on firm's liquidity, whereas return on assets and exchange rate have a negative effect on firm's liquidity and firm size, inflation rate and lending rate have no correlation with firm's liquidity. Based on the research results, the author suggests that the firms should have optimum current ratio by balancing the current assets and current liabilities in order to avoid a situation of high liquidity or low liquidity. This research seeks to bridge a gap which is present in the body of literature on listed enterprise's liquidity in Vietnam. The findings may be useful for financial managers, investors, and financial management consultants.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.464-470
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• 2009

In order to analysis the possibility of high expansion and performance without backfire in a hydrogenfueled engine using external mixture injection, combustion characteristics and performance enhancement were analyzed in terms of retarding valve timing and increasing the boosting pressure. As the results, it was found that thermal efficiency increased by retarding intake valve timing with the same level of supplied energy is over 6.6% by the effect of high expansion including effect of combustion enhancement due to supercharging. It was also shown that the achievement of high power (equal to that of a gasoline engine), low brake specific fuel consumption and low emission (NOx of less than 16 ppm) without backfire in a hydrogen-fueled engine is possible around a boosting pressure of 1.5 bar, intake valve opening time of TDC and $\Phi$=0.35 in fuel-air equivalence ratio.