• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.418-443
• /
• 2023

Many organizations facilitate a host of online knowledge sharing communities to assist internal knowledge sharing and operation. The permeable boundaries and voluntary structures of online communities allow individuals to span community boundaries and affect member resources and structures. Although much research has been done on members' knowledge contribution in online communities, relatively little is known about how a member's contribution to a community is shaped by the cross-level interactions of member's external boundary spanning and the community's environmental scanning or membership fluidity. Drawing from the theoretical lens of boundary spanning and the external view of online communities, we take a multi-level approach in the analysis of the activities of 1,992 members of 126 communities internal to a global company. We find that a member's external boundary spanning activity (e.g., external knowledge acquisition via reading posts) has a positive effect, though at a decreasing rate, on subsequent internal knowledge contribution (e.g., posting replies in the member's home community). This positive effect is stronger in communities that are more active in environmental scanning or have fluid membership and weaker in communities that are less active in environmental scanning or have stable membership.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.208-219
• /
• 2009

Object : Understanding the importance of the external treatment of nasal polyps and let know the necessity of development of the effect of herb medicine to use in these days. Method : I investigated about 12 oriental medical texts which recorded the external treatment of nasal polyps. I separated them to three part (prescription, herb medicine, the way of making the external application) and check the frequency. Also compared the external treatment of oriental medicine and western medicine. Result : 1. Prescription: There are 48 prescriptions -Nyosasan is used 4 cases, Gwajungsan is used 2 cases and others only 1 case each. 2. Herb-med: There are 67 herb medicines - Herba Asari(細辛) is used 15 cases, Pedicellus Melo (瓜蔕) is used 11 cases, Alunite(白礬) is used 10 cases, Realgar(雄黃)is used 9 cases. 3. The way of making the external application: obstructive method is used 19 cases, attaching method is used 9 cases, blowing method is used 8 cases, plaster method is used 7 cases, pouring method is used 3 cases. 4. The treatment takes about 1day to 15days and the soften nasal polyps like a water can be expect the positive prognosis. Conclusion: The external treatment is very important to treat nasal polyps. So we need to research more on eliminating the toxicity of the herb medicine and develop the convenient way of using the external treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
• /
• v.9 no.2 s.33
• /
• pp.160-168
• /
• 2006

The major objective of this study is to investigate the effects and application of external post-tensioning method far steel plate girder bridge. It analyzed the mechanical behaviors of steel plate girder bridge with applying external post-tensioning on the finite element analysis, field test and laboratory test fur the lateral dynamic characteristics. As a result, the reinforcement of steel plate girder bridge the external post-tensioning method are obviously effective for the lateral dynamic response which is non-reinforced. The analytical and experimental study are carried out to investigate the post-tension force decrease lateral acceleration and deflection on steel plate girder bridge for serviceability. And the external post-tensioning method reduce dynamic maximum displacement(about $10{\sim}24%$), the increase of dynamic safety is predicted by adopting external post-tensioning method. From the dynamic test results of the servicing steel plate girder bridge, it is investigated that the change degree of natural frequency is very low with applying the external post-tensioning method The servicing steel plate girder bridge with external post-tensioning has need of the reasonable reinforcement measures which could be reducing the effect of lateral dynamic behavior that degradation phenomenon of structure by an unusual response characteristic and a drop durability.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
• /
• 1998.10b
• /
• pp.662-667
• /
• 1998

Recently, the using PSC with external unbonded tendons is increased. However, the behavior of external unbonded tendons is different with that of bonded internal tendon at ultimate state by compatibility condition, the slip with friction at deviator and the change of tendon eccentricity e.t.c., So, the analytical research considered the effect of these inherent characters was performed and the tendency of external unbonded tendons was estimated by numerical examples. By the analytical results, load-deflection relationship and stress increment of external unbonded tendons were similar to those of internal bonded tendon at initial elastic behavior state. Those characters were, however, smaller than those character of internal bonded tendons. For external unbonded tendons, if the 1 deviator which is positioned at maximum moment point and more 2 deviators which are position between maximum moment point and support are existed, the flexural behavior is similar to internal bonded tendons.

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
• /
• 2000.09a
• /
• pp.546-560
• /
• 2000

This paper describes the design and evaluation of a noise suppressing hydrophone that is robust to external noise without sacrificing its performance as a receiver. To increase robustness of the receiver to the external noise, first, effects of location of external noise on its performance are analyzed with the finite element method (FEM). Based on the results, geometrical variations are implemented on the structure with additional air pockets and damping layers that work as acoustic shields or scatterers of the noise, and fourteen trial models are developed for the noise suppressing hydrophone structures. The results show that the effect of the external noise is most significant when it is applied to near the mid-side surface of the hydrophone housing. The external noise is isolated most efficiently when two thin damping layers combined with five air pockets are inserted to the circumference of the hydrophone housing. Overall, of the fourteen structural variations of the hydrophone, the best one shows about 87% reduction in the response of the original structure to external noise.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.7 no.10
• /
• pp.591-599
• /
• 2020

This study examines how the health of the banks in ASEAN-3 countries namely Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand respond to the change in exchange rates and foreign interest rates in four large economies. The transmissions of the two external factors through domestic factors in each ASEAN-3 countries eventually affects Non-Performing Loan (NPL) of commercial banks. This study uses the monthly time series data and the renowned Structural Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model comprising five variables, namely exchange rate, foreign interest rate, domestic interest rate, money supply, and non-performing loan (NPL). The results indicate that there are different effects between ASEAN-3 countries, which can be classified as short-run effect and long-run effect. In the long run effect, external factors have a dominant role in determining NPL in ASEAN-3 countries. Yuan has the biggest effect on Malaysia's NPL, while Indonesia is more affected by European interest rates rather than the fluctuation of the US currency and China's interest rates. Among ASEAN-3 countries, Malaysia is the one that is the most vulnerable to external factors. While Thailand's NPL is affected dominantly by domestic factors. This study shows that the Fed Funds Rate (US official interest rate) is not always the dominant factor affecting the health of domestic banks in ASEAN-3.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.93-102
• /
• 2022

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analyze the change in thickness of transvers abdominis, internal oblique, and external oblique when virtual reality based ring fit adventure is applied to young adults in order to investigate the effect of ring fit adventure on core stabilization. Methods : 30 subjects participated in the experiment. Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups. 15 subjects performed ring fit adventure core exercise (experimental group) and 15 subjects bridge and dead bug exercise (control group). The ring fit adventure core exercise program consists of 6 types, 1) bow pull, 2) overhead lunge twist, 3) pendulum bend, 4) seated ring raise, 5) plank, 6) warrior III pose. Each exercise was performed for 5 minutes, for a total of 30 minutes. The bridege and dead bug exercise were performed for 15 minutes each for a total of 30 minutes. All interventions were performed 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Thickness of the abdominal muscles was measured with a ultrasound. The paired t-test was used to compare the thickness of the transverse abdominis, internal oblique, and external oblique before and after intervention, and the comparison between groups was analyzed using the independent t-test. Results : As a result, in the experimental group, thickness of transverse abdominis and internal oblique increased significantly (p<.05), but external oblique decreased significantly (p<.05), and in the control group, thickness of transverse abdominis, internal oblique, and external oblique increased significantly (p<.05). There was a significant difference in external oblique in the difference between groups (p<.05). Conclusion : These study results showed that core exercise using ring fit adventure can reduce external oblique and increased selective muscle activity of transverse abdominis and internal oblique of the deep abdominal muscles, so it is meaningful as an effective intervention for core stabilization.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.211-220
• /
• 2023

Welded hollow spherical joints are commonly used joints in space grid structures. An internal stiffener is generally adopted to strengthen the joints when large hollow spheres are used. To further strengthen it, external stiffeners can be used at the same time. In this study, axial compression tests are conducted on four full-scale 550 mm spherical joints. The failure modes and strengths of the tested joints are investigated. It shows that the external stiffeners are able to increase the strength of the joint up to 25%. A numerical model for large spherical joints with stiffeners is established and verified against the experimental results. Parametric studies are executed considering six main design factors using the verified model. It is found that the strength of the spherical joint increases as the thickness, height and number of the external stiffeners increase, and the hollow sphere's diameter has a neglectable effect on the enhancement caused by the external stiffeners. Based on the experimental and numerical results, a practical formula for the compressive bearing capacity of large welded hollow spherical joints with both internal and external stiffeners is proposed. The proposed formula gives a conservative prediction on the compressive capacity of large welded hollow spherical joints with both internal and external stiffeners.

• Health Policy and Management
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.261-271
• /
• 2021

Background: In 2018, the government increased the fee for the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) image deciphering services of the external hospital to discourage the redundant MRI scan and to induce appropriate use of the MRI services. It is important to evaluate the effect of the policy to provide the basis for establishing other MRI-related policies. Methods: The healthcare data of the patients who had brain MRI scans were organized by episode and analyzed using the panel study in order to find out the effect of the MRI-related policy on the substitution effect and the medical expenses. Results: As a result of the increase in the fee of deciphering the MRI image, there has been an uplift in deciphering the MRI scan of the external hospital. It implies that more hospitals chose to use the MRI scan taken by other clinics or hospitals, rather than the MRI scan taken at their own facilities. Conclusion: The research results imply that a policy that facilitates the exchange of the medical image data between the hospitals is needed in order to establish an efficient management system of the healthcare resources. Such improvement is expected to reduce the social cost and contribute to the stability in the finance of national health insurance.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2014

Objectives : The aim of this study is to examine the effect of external application containing herbal extracts (Betula platyphyllae Cortex, Viticis Fructus, Agrimoniae herba) to patients with atopic dermatitis. Methods : Twenty patients (experiment group) were treated with the external application containing herbal extracts (Betula platyphyllae Cortex, Viticis Fructus, Agrimoniae herba) and other twenty patients (control group) were treated with normal external application that doesn't contain herbal extracts for 2weeks. We observed comparisons between experiment and control group after 1week, 2weeks. Degrees of severity of atopic dermatitis were measured by SCORAD index (Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis Index). Statistical significance was achieved if the probability was less than 5% (p<0.05). Results : 1. After 1week of external application treatment, SCORAD Index in experiment group was significantly decreased comparing with control group, which is a marginally significant result between two groups. But after 2weeks the experiment group showed no statistically significant result. 2. After 1week of external application treatment, Intensity Criteria (Erythema, Edema/papulation, Total) in experiment group was significantly decreased comparing with control group, which is a statistically significant result between two groups. But after 2weeks the experiment group showed no statistically significant result. 3. After 1week and 2weeks of external application treatment, comparison of changes in Subjective Symptoms (Pruritus, Insomnia) indicated that the experiment group showed no statistically significant result. 4. After 1week of external application treatment, Total Quality of life through Skindex-29 in experiment group was significantly decreased comparing with control group, which is a marginally significant result between two groups. But after 2weeks the experiment group showed no statistically significant result. Conclusions : As a result of applying the external application containing herbal extracts to patients with atopic dermatitis and watching the progress, we can speculate that the external application containing herbal extracts has especially short-term therapeutical effects in mitigating the symptoms of Atopic Dermatitis. Thus, it is concluded and considered that the external application containing herbal extracts can be used by atopic patients effectively with almost no side-effect.