• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.105-115
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• 2008

Judgement post-stratification is a new sampling method developed by MacEachern et al. (2004). This article suggests that the judgement post-stratification method can be a good alternative for the simple random sampling when analyzing real-world environmental data. It becomes an important task to accurately measure the output of a recycling facility since the EPR (Extended Producer Responsibility) system takes effect on 2003. However, the total weight of materials processed in the recycling facility may not be a proper measure because the materials are frequently mingled with other non-recycling materials. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate the mixture ratio of non-recycling materials among the total materials admitted in the facility. Unfortunately, the size of sample in a recycling facility is restricted due to the inconvenience of sampling procedure such as safety, odor, time and classification of non-recycling materials. In this article, we showed the relative efficiency of the judgement post-stratification method over the simple random sampling method for equal sample sizes using Monte Carlo simulation. Furthermore, we applied the judgement post-stratification method on the 2004 recycling data and showed that it can replace the simple random sampling even with smaller observations.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.129-154
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• 2008

As a practical means to upgrade urban sustainability, this paper focuses on resource cyclical systems concerned with the waste of electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) in Korea. Borrowing System Dynamics concepts and approaches, it examines behavioral changes of WEEE dynamics to observe whether the existing management methods can be readjusted. The measurement is based upon both reuse and material and thermal recycle simulation works in the individual stage of WEEE discharge, collection, and treatment, going beyond the traditional recycle-only customs. This research estimates that the newly introduced Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) system would definitely exert a significant impact on the final stage of WEEE treatment, decreasing the final treatment volume in the first half of the research period. The trend, nonetheless, would be reversed in the second half, mainly owing to the additional waste volume originated from the local government and recycling center. Sensitivity analysis poses, among others, that the local government-supported reuse center should take charge of a pivotal role in the long run. The research also shows that sufficientand necessary conditions for the WEEE management and treatment should be given to the combined efforts, both from the private sectors and the public domains. Based on these research findings, the paper recommends that key stakeholders including the producer and the public organizations should devise how to jointly carry out specific agenda centered around partnership or network buildings.

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.187
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• pp.48-61
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• 2008

'생산자책임재활용제도'는 제품생산자나 포장재를 이용한 제품의 생산자에게 그 제품이나 포장재의 폐기물에 대하여 일정량의 재활용의무를 부여하여 재활용하게 하고, 이를 이행하지 않을 경우 재활용에 소요되는 비용 이상의 재활용 부과금을 생산자에게 부과하는 제도이다. EPR(Extended Producer Responsibility)의 개념은 종전의 생산자들은 재활용이 쉬운 재질 구조의 제품을 생산하여 이를 판매하는 시점까지만 책임을 지고, 사용 후 발생된 폐기물은 소비자의 책임이었으나, 이제는 사용 후 발생되는 폐기물의 재활용까지 생산자의 책임으로 범위를 확대한다는 의미로 자리매김하고 있다. 우리나라의 경우 완전히 새로운 개념의 제도가 아니라 이미 생산자책임원칙에 의해 '92년부터 운영해 오고 있는 예치금제도를 보완 개선하여 '03. 1. 1일부터 시행하고 있는 상황이다. 본 고에서는 EPR 제도의 현황 및 성과에 대해 포장재 재활용을 중심으로 살펴보도록 한다.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.47-60
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• 2007

Plastic supply and recycling are increasingly becoming matters of social concern. In our country, Extended Producer Responsibility(EPR) system has been adopted in 2003 to expand recycle and reuse of waste resources at producer side, and due to expansion of the EPR system, amount of the mixed plastic waste generation has been drastically increased. Plastic-plastic separation is most fundamental technique to achieve effective plastic recycling. This paper reviews recent developments in plastic-plastic separation techniques and describe future tasks. The mechanisms of each separation which contain gravity separation, electrostatic separation, flotation, and separation of automotive shredder residue are described, and commercial scale and lab-scale results are introduced.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.3-5
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• 2005

On July 5,2002 the Law Concerning Recycling of End-of Life Vehicles popularly known as the "Automobile Recycling Law" was enacted in Japan. This paper examines the features of this Law, reasons why the Law was brought into existence, and its predicted impacts on the automobile industry. Pursuant to the Law, the current automobile recycling system was replaced by a new one in January 1, 2005.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.3-11
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• 2009

Recently efficient recycling of natural resource has been raised many people's interest with global warming issue. This study is focused mainly on main content of automobile recycling regulation and current situation of each nations including EU which is firstly acted. Also we were considering for adequate way to make better resource recycling condition and reduce Environment burden.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.691-692
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• 2001

Until tile 1980s, the disposal of End of Life Vehicles (ELV) was considered unproblematic in Japan, Korea. and Taiwan. But in recent years, as environmental problems have attracted increasing attention. the processing oi ELV has become one of the most critical environmental issues. Discarded ELV represent a serious source of waste generation and pollution. In this paper, I will analyze the ELV problem from three view points: 1) ELV abandoned in the environment; 2) Significant environmental hazards caused by dismantling operations; and 3) Problems of how to deal with Automobile Shredder Residue (ASR).

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.17-36
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• 2015

As an effort of mitigating hazards, pro-environmental programs have been vigorously activated with regard to solid waste recycling. It is beneficial for both the environment and resource saving, but implementation and enforcement are hard to achieve voluntarily. The South Korean Government first implemented the Deposit Refund System (DRS) and later the Extended Producer Responsibility Program (EPR) to reduce waste and encourage recycling in South Korea. Un-der the DRS, producers would pay for recycling the wastes of the products. The government then repealed the DRS and implemented the EPR program. Under this program, the producers recycle as much as the Ministry of Environment determines or pay a penalty for an excessive amount of the waste. In the broader perspective of disaster management, such policy programs can mitigate environmental hazards. This paper compares those two programs that facilitated the level of recycling, focusing on how such programs regulate producers and how they were operated from the perspective of implementation and enforcement.

• Corrugated packaging logistics
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• no.47 s.10
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• pp.53-56
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• 2003

자원의절약과재활용촉진에관한법률이 2002년 2월 4일부로 전면 개정됨에 따라 동 법률과 관련하여 지난 2002년 12월 10일 시행령이 국무회의를 통과, 1월1일부터 시행될 예정인 생산자책임재활용제도(EPR, Extended Producer Responsibility)가 시행될 예정입니다. 동 EPR제도의 시행과 함께, 2003년 1월 1일부터는 재활용가능자원 $\ulcorner$분리배출표시제도$\lrcorner$가 시행되며, 7월 1일부터는 $\ulcorner$1회용합성수지 용기 규제확대$\lrcorner$가 시행되는 등 재활용 의무대상 포장재(골판지포장재는 대상이 아님)에 대한 다각적인 규제조치가 예상되는바, 생산자가 재활용의무를 직접 수행해야 하는 사회적 제도가 강화되어 포장재에 대한 재활용율을 높이는 한편 궁극적으로 분리배출표시제의 의무적용대상이 아닌 골판지 및 지류 포장재에 대한 관심과 수요가 증가될 전망입니다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.326-332
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• 2018

Korea faces major changes in energy policy, which include eco-friendly and zero-nuclear power. On the other hand, there are very few policies for the waste-management of mid- to large-sized lithium-ion batteries, such as electric car batteries and energy storage systems, which are expected to increase explosively due to such energy policy changes. Therefore, this study estimated the amount of mid- to large-sized lithium ion batteries waste and performed economics analysis of a middle and large sized secondary battery recycling project. Based on the results, a policy alternative for the revitalization of the related lithium-ion battery recycling industry is suggested. As a result, the B / C ratio of a domestic mid - to large - sized lithium ion battery recycling project is 1.06, in which the benefit is higher than the cost, so the business is economic feasible. Although the recycling project's economic efficiency is high, the recycling industry has not been activated in Korea because the domestic demand for rechargeable batteries recycling is very low. To solve this problem, this study proposes a plan to activate the industry by adding lithium secondary batteries to the EPR (Extended Producer Responsibility) items.