• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.151-156
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• 2019

In recent years, the Korean realistic theme of the film momentum gradually rising. Realistic films do not stick to the business and market, and do not simply cater to the audience's needs for watching movies. They reflect social violence and cruel reality, allowing the audience to observe the structural contradictions in reality and think about the direction when watching movies. At the recent cannes film festival, "parasite" won the top prize palm in cannes by an overwhelming margin, with the highest score of 3.3 issues. Although this film is positioned as a thriller with comedy elements, it presents the opposite life images of Korean classes to the audience in a parasitic way, which not only expands the possibility and artistry of realistic film aesthetics, but also enhances the appreciation of the film and gives play to its own aesthetic value. Focusing on the technical and literary nature of the film, and having a high degree of attention to real life, it is an excellent work that tells about class opposition and thinking about reality. This paper considers and analyzes the content, form and creation method of parasite, and discusses the continuous exploration and attempt of realistic film to image language under the demand of market and system, evolving into new aesthetic expression.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.29
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• pp.281-309
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• 2010

The aim of this paper is to investigate the origin of prajñāpāramitā thought in Platform-Sutra, because the practices such as No-thought(無念)·No-image(無相)·No-staying(無住), Samadhi for one act(一行三昧), Seating meditation(坐禪) and Non- distinction of calmness and wisdom(定慧一體) are consolidated into the practice of prajñāpāramitā. The practice of No-thought, No-image and No-staying means an absolute stage which cannot be described in words. It is another expression of prajñā-samadhi or practice of prajñā -pāramitā whose concepts originate from Diamond-Sūtra, Vimalakīrtinirdeśa-sūtra, Mahāparinibbāna-sūtra, and Mahāprajñā-pāramitā-Sūtra. Samadhi for one act is to have an insight into the original nature in everyday life, which is a new development of practicing prajñāpāramitā. Seating meditation is another form of expression of Sudden Enlightenment to see into one's original nature(頓悟見性) through practicing prajñāpāramitā. This can be said a new kind of mixture of Buddhadhātu thought and prajñāpāramitā thought. Therefore prajñāpāramitā thought in Platform Sutra comes from Buddhadhātu thought and prajñāpāramitā thought. Those two thoughts consolidated in Platform Sutra, made the starting point of Zen Buddhism. At the same time, they further continued to be systemized into the thought of Zen Buddhism and eventually into the conclusion of Zen sect of Chinese Buddhism.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.365-373
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• 2023

Since the lips are a representative facial part that can express human attraction, aesthetic interest in them has always existed in human history. However, as lips age, they tend to form wrinkles, become thinner, and lose their volume. To counteract this phenomenon, medical procedures such as fillers or fat transplantation have been suggested. In this study, we verified that the one of main effective material complex of L G H&H L IPCERIN^®, combination of cedrol, a sesquiterpene found in cedarwood, and three peptides (acetyl hexapeptide-8, acetyl tetrapeptide-9, and desamidocollagen) could ameliorate the photo-aging and reduce the wrinkles through in vitro experiments. The possibility of improving collagen and elastin expression in skin fibroblasts and reducing MMP expression under photoaging conditions was verified. In addition, it was confirmed that the amount of fat tissue in the lips can be increased by promoting adipose stem cell differentiation and increasing the amount of fat produced in the in vitro adipose stem cell differentiation experiment. Two weeks of human application tests confirmed that a combination of cedrol and peptides can improve the wrinkles, texture, elasticity, and volume of the lips. This study verified that the combination of cedrol and three peptides can be used as effective cosmetic materials to decrease the various signs of aging in the lips.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.779-785
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• 2023

In the creation of non-verbal dance performance, stage costumes are an important element of visual expression and serve an expanded role in addition to its fundamental decorativeness, representation of status reflective of the historical setting of the act and functionality for the dance movement. We intends that the purpose of this research is to analyze the expanded role of the costumes in the creative ballet <'That' Girl>, and through this exercise, provide foundational data on and suggest new future directions for stage costume design. <'That' Girl> is composed of two acts, offering condolences and eliciting empathy by conveying the fear experienced by the victims of the time. The second dance act representing freedom and "Haan" requires this expanded application of costume design. The costume design was inspired by the "Statue of Peace" representing comfort women, and completed through three draft designs and material experiments testing the ease of operation of the strings and fabrics installed in the costumes as well as the functionality of the associated ballet movements. In conclusion, expansion of time & space, expansion of form and expansion of symbolic expression were shown in the dance of liberation using strings wrapped around the arms and through the cloth embodying 'Haan' hidden in front of the costume.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.169-178
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• 2008

Level of Service (LOS) is one of ways to evaluate operational conditions. It is very important factor in evaluation especially for the facility of highways. However, some studies proved that ${\upsilon}/c$ ratio and accident rate is appeared like a second function which has a U-form. It means there is a gap between LOS and safety of highway facilities. Therefore, this study presents a method for evaluation of a signalized intersection which is considered both smooth traffic operation (delay) and traffic safety (accident). Firstly, as a result of our research, accident rates and EPDO are decreased when it has a big delay. In that reason, it is necessary to make a new Level of Service included traffic safety. Secondly, this study has developed a negative binominal regression model which is based on the relation between accident patterns and stream. Thirdly, standards of LOS are presented which is originated from calculation between annual delay costs and annual accident cost at each intersection. Lastly, worksheet form is presented as an expression to an estimation step of a signalized intersection with traffic accident prediction model and new LOS.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.6
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• pp.81-99
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• 2004

For making something to use as a tool since the emergence of mankind, the initial pragmatic purpose has transformed into a new genre of art over time. Things defined like this have rooted in our culture as tradition so far. In the midst of today's various trends, a reflection of tradition and a modern search for tradition by re-creating it are much more needed. To any people in any time, a new trend would undeniably develop on the basis of its previous tradition in any form. The colors appearing in such artwork are also an expression of each people's unconscious potentiality as essential grounds for human aesthetic. The traditional Korean Bojaki, which was made out of women's pragmatic mind trying to recycle trashy pieces of cloth in the 19th century of Chosun Dynasty, appears as a symbolization of our nation's original form in unconsciousness. It includes Confucianism, Buddhism, Zen and the Yin-Yang and Five Elements thought, which have been together with naturalism. The five colors appearing in the Yin-Yang and Five Elements are the basis. Fourteen selected samples around the five colors seen in the color scheme of the Chosun era's Bojaki were measured and their color values were found by analyzing them based on HCV(Hue, Chroma, Value)of the five primary colors as well as the five secondary colors. After choosing a few colors with bare eyes close to traditional Primary Colors and Secondary Colors amongst 14 pieces of data which particularly used traditional Five Colors and examining them using spectrophotometer(JX777), the following conclusions were drawn. Comparing only colors in Primary Colors, the result was red 7.11R 4.59/10.69, blue 6.71PB 3.18/6.45, yellow 3.91Y 7.56/6.12, respectively. With regard to Secondary Colors, it was reported that red 7.96RP 5.42/10.3, blue 7.8B 5.16/5.53, green 8.03GY 6.05/4.34, yellow 2.73Y 7.47/4.07, purple 2.39RP 4.69/4.56, respectively. (diagram) As a result, the standard of Five Colors can be used in modern fiber color. There are differences in dyeing material, methods and kinds of fiber of that time, but women of Chosun Dynasty combined and made fabric which was circulated. Consequently, an applicable attribute of the aye-color values was considered.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.40
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• pp.151-170
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to examine the value of grotesque fashion and to predict the future fashion trend. The grotesque originates the formative art. It emerges towards of a century or transitional period in most case. In particular, it was used as the expressive method of an individual's inside and a satire on society through the work of artists in the Middle Age, the renaissance, the sym-bolism, the dadaism, the surrealism, the pop art, the technology art, and the post-modernism, etc. The grotesque in fashion is represented in the work of avant-garde fashion designers who lead the high fashion. The grotesque fashion which was combined with an image of non-formality, non-rationality, an absurdity and reality. It has been begun shape of female dress in the renaissance. Afterwards, it was represented in extremely exaggerated and distorted pop art, hippies' fashion in the 1960's. In the 1970's, it was reflected in genderless rock star and destructive punk fashion. It was also represented in the androgynous fashion which was combined with both sexes, the goth/gothic fashion which was expressed with a realistic and fanciful shape and the tattoo of skin-head in the 1980's. In the 1990's, the grungy look which was dirty and the cyber punk fashion. In general, it was also expressed by the avant-garde fashion designers. To sum up, a grotesque fashion which is expressed by experimental designers is classified into four shapes. 1, Union of some extraneous is expressed as different kinds of fashion theme, such as abnormality of texture, uses of surrealistic elements and chaos of sex. Although it appears that the abnormal union of grotesque has only discord and collision, it also shows a feeling of freedom for the tension. 2. Introduction of real and fanciful image is expressed as a cyborg, realistic description of disgusting animal skin and aggressive shape. Especially, it is worth while to notice Tierre Mugler and Alexander Macqueen's work which expressed the shape of mingling human of Middle Age. 3. distortion or exaggeration is expressed as an unformed shape, the exaggeration of a clothing size, the abnormal exaggeration of human body and the ignorance of clothing form. 4. Introduction of a disgusting image is expressed as an extremity of reality, motifs of death, clothing material of disgusting hair and the ostentation of sex. Motto which leads modern fashion is something new and shocking. The grotesque fashion is an expression of eagerness for something new. It often show something ironic in the form of humor which is embedded in an abnormal and shocking pattern. The grotesque fashion is represented as an extreme beauty. It will stand as an important element of the future fashion and as a particular style with the change and fluidity.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 1995

Objects : Clozapine, prototype of the atypical neuroleptics, was known to have unique antipsychotic effect with a few extrapyramidal effects. While most typical antipsychotic agents mainly block $D_2$ receptors, clozapine has higher affinity for dopamine $D_4$ receptor than for $D_2$ receptor. Many researchers have tried to find out the relationship between schizophrenia and the abnormality of the genes coding dopamine receptors. But no consistent findings were reported. Recently, dopamine $D_4$ receptor was fully sequenced, and the alleles of dopamine $D_4$ receptor gene was found in unusual form on the 48th base pair. Our study was performed to identify the distribution of the dopamine $D_4$ receptor alleles of schizophrenics and normal controls, and whether any difference between the dopamine $D_4$ receptor alleles of schizophrenics and that of normal controls exists. Methods : DNA was extracted from the blood of schizophrenic patients(N=60) and normal controls(N=60). Part of the dopamine $D_4$ receptor gene was amplified by PCR, and amplified DNA was electrophoresed. Authors compared the distribution of the alleles of dopamine $D_4$ receptor gene of normal controls and that of schizophrenic patients. Results : Six kinds of alleles of $D_4$ receptor were observed both groups. The fourth repeat form of alleles was the most common in both schizophrenic patients(75.8%) and normal controls(70.3%), so there was not significant difference between two groups. Conclusion : The Difference in the distribution of the dopamine $D_4$ receptor gene alleles is not thought to be responsible for the pathophysiology of the schizophrenia. However, the difference in the expression of the dopamine $D_4$ receptor gene between normal and schizophrenia is left to be scrutinized.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.55 no.4 s.94
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• pp.62-78
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• 2005

The modern period was the time that the most radical and extensive social and mental changes were occurring throughout the history, and modernism was prevailing as a general cognition system of people. Modernism, which carries principles of progress, belief in application of scientific technology, worship of reason, ideal of liberty as a col-e value of civilization, was plated as a leading ideology in the realm of society, culture and art In the early 20th century. In this study, the formative characteristics of modernism seen in architecture and fashion are analogized and analyzed in four ways ell the basis of the theory of p. Greenhalgh. First, 'Standardization for mass-production', which is analogized which P. Greenhalgh's 'Decompart-mentalisation', 'Social Morality', and' Technology'. Standardization for mass-production in architecture focuses on the development of a design prototype in order to mass produce; the development of ready-made clothes is actively done ill the fashion area for the same purpose as well. Second, 'Rational functionality' coming from P. Greenhalgh's 'The total work of art' and 'Function'. While rational functionality in architecture puts an emphasis on the rational operation of all the functions in regard to the relation between each part and the whole, rational functionality in fashion call be mainly seen in a dramatic increase in physical activity which could be hardly found before the modernism period. Namely, all the fashion design elements are developed for a certain rational and functional design on each part as well as on the whole in order to greatly increase physical activity. Third, 'the pursuit for genuineness of objects and universality of beauty' is on the analogy of P Greenhalgh's 'Truth', 'Anti-historicism', 'Abstraction', 'Internationalism/Universality'. This idea is adopted in architecture in the form of design of geometrical abstraction. In the same way, design using geometrical abstraction comes to have a significant meaning in fashion of the modernism period. So to speak, modernism architecture and fashion can be reborn to become an inter·national style by giving up the decorative and regional design prevailing before modernism and by expressing universal aesthetics in the form of simplicity and abstraction instead. Fourth, 'Expression of progress through a change in a viewpoint' stems from P. Greenhalgh's 'Progress', 'Transformation of Consciousness', 'Theology'. In architecture, this concept appears by using new construction materials and methods and by representing new aesthetical idea. As a result, it makes it possible for people to make progress for better lives. Like in architecture, new attempts for material application and processing are made in fashion. This gives rise to a general change in a viewpoint related to fashion, so that a flew fashion design which there has never been before can come out.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.149-167
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• 2001

Today, every culture has taken on the compromise form by means of the cultural difference, variety, and pluralism according to the internationalization and the advance so that it has been developed toward the half-blooded and multilayered the aspect. In accordance with this current of the times, this thesis observed the feminism found in the multiculturism of the end of the 20th century, the third world, and technology with the side of the tendency of modern fashion, considered the hybride phenomenon which is pulling down the wall between culture and genre due to the social diversification. and predicted the fashion trend do 21st century serf on it. Multiculturism is the movement that began to arise in the academic world of America and the literary world form the close of 1980's in accepting the variety of culture and regarding the culture with the more balanced and wide view and just as it is, it means the attitude of accepting one or more cultures of variely and the position of taking interest in the culture of minority race not the culture of a governing race. It is the fashion of feminism adapts dualism like unisex, androgynous look, etc of bisexual lendency in the 1980's, it shows new style with crossover of liberal sense because there is not the difference of sex in fashion. The eco-feminism pursues the natural sexuality not being instrumental and dismantling and expressed it in the Gender expression of an integrated human being. The trend of ethnic fashion in the close of 20th century is that the element of hippie is working so strongly. By adding embroidery of Oriental style, accessories of Indian style, feathers, beads, a hempen hood to the ethnic costumes of Asia and Latin, is shows the figure of ethnic hippie. As the cycler fashion is the future clothes through technology of computer, it uses a cool glass material bringing up the image of a spacesuit in order to expresses cyber image through artificial color combination of sheen colors, Though this techno-color fashion has established the fresh stimulation and the innovative aspect with ultramodern materials and image of futurism, it transmits a hope of estranged people and the natural elements. Hybride means a cross and mixture of animal and plant in Korean and is also called fusion. The phenomenon of hybrid predicts to comes the period of a cross and variation because something completely new comes into the world by contamination, mixture and compromise through meeting something different each other and it has on advantage of developing something existing to one more stage. It is prospected that in the society of 21st century, the borderline of traditional gender will be disappeared, variety and individuality will determine the individual behavior, and the masculine value will be substituted by feminine value. In the society giving priority to feminine value, a fashion stuck closely to women is what must reflect lives of woman under the proposition of woman's beauty, being on original function. So, it is considered that a fashion with added convenience and practicality having the function which is easy to put on, comfortable to act, able to express solves so much, and able to show various appearances according to T.P.O will get into the spotlight.