• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.269-274
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• 2002

Balb/c 마우스의 복강내에 Abelson leukemia virus (A-MuLV)를 주입하여 발생시킨 대식세포주 RAW 264.7 세포의 배양조건에 납과 NAC및 BSO를 첨가하여 세포생존율과 NO 및 ATP 생성량의 변화를 관찰한 결과, 납을 처리한 기본배양조건에서 RAW 264.7 세포의 생존율은 각 농도에서 차이가 없었으며 NO의 생성량은 $0.5{\mu}M$의 납농도에서부터 용량 의존적으로 감소하였으나 ATP의 생성량은 각 농도군에서 차이가 없었다. NAC을 전처리하고 납을 처리한 배양조건에서의 NO 및 ATP의 생성량은 대조군과 차이가 없었다. BSO를 전처리하고 납을 처리한 배양조건에서의 NO의 생성량은 납만 처리했을 때와 달리 각각의 농도군에서 대조군과 차이가 있었다. ATP생성량은 역시 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과에서 납의 농도가 증가함에 따라 ATP의 생성량은 변화가 없으면서 NO가 감소하는 것을 볼 때, 납에 의한 대식세포에서 NO생성의 억제기전은 수은 및 카드뮴 등과 같이 미토콘드리아에 영향을 미쳐 ATP생성이 억제됨으로 L-arginine-NO경로에서 ATP를 필요로 하는 iNOS가 작용을 못하여 NO 생성이 저하되는 기전과는 다른 기전이 있음을 보여준다. 또한 iNOS의 조효소인 세포내 GSH를 증가시키는 NAC을 전처리했을 때 NO의 생성량이 대조군 수준으로 회복되고 세포내 GSH를 감소시키는 BSO를 전처리했을 때는 오히려 NO의 생성량에 영향을 미치지 않는 납의 농도에서조차 NO 생성의 감소가 일어난 것으로 볼 때 GSH는 대식세포에서 NO생성을 저하시키는 납의 독성에 보호작용이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.4773-4780
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• 2014

Background: To investigate the effects of small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting BCR/ABL mRNA on proliferation and apoptosis in the K562 human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cell line and to provide a theoretical rationale and experimental evidence for its potential clinical application for anti-CML treatment. Materials and Methods: The gene sequence for BCR/ABL mRNA was found from the GeneBank. The target gene site on the BCR/ABL mRNA were selected according to Max-Planck-Institute (MPI) and rational siRNA design rules, the secondary structure of the candidate targeted mRNA was predicted, the relevant thermodynamic parameters were analyzed, and the targeted gene sequences were compared with BLAST to eliminate any sequences with significant homology. Inhibition of proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay and colony-formation inhibiting test. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry (FCM) and the morphology of apoptotic cells was identified by Giemsa-Wright staining. Western blotting was used to analyze the expression of BCR/ABL fusion protein in K562 cells after siRNA treatment. Results: The mRNA local secondary structure calculated by RNA structure software, and the optimal design of specific siRNA were contributed by bioinformatics rules. Five sequences of BCR/ABL siRNAs were designed and synthesized in vitro. Three sequences, siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786, which showed the most effective inhibition of K562 cell growth, were identified among the five candidate siRNAs, with a cell proliferative inhibitory rate nearly 50% after exposure to 12.5nmol/L~50nmol/L siRNA1384 for 24,48 and 72 hours. The 50% inhibitory concentrations ($IC_{50}$) of siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786 for 24hours were 46.6 nmol/L, 59.3 nmol/L and 62.6 nmol/L, respectively, and 65.668 nmol/L, 76.6 nmol/L, 74.4 nmol/L for 72 hours. The colony-formation inhibiting test also indicated that, compared with control, cell growth of siRNA treated group was inhibited. FCM results showed that the rate of cell apoptosis increased 24 hours after transfecting siRNA. The results of annexinV/PI staining indicated that the rate of apoptosis imcreased (1.53%, 15.3%, 64.5%, 57.5% and 21.5%) following treamtne with siRNAs (siRNA34, siRNA372, siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786). Morphological analysis showed td typical morphologic changes of apoptosis such as shrunken, fragmentation nucleus as well as "apoptotic bodies" after K562 cell exposure to siRNA. Western blot analysis showed that BCR/ABL protein was reduced sharply after a single dose of 50nmol/L siRNA transfection. Conclusions: Proliferation of K562 cells was remarkbly inhibited by siRNAs (siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786) in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro, with effective induction of apoptosis at a concentration of 50 nmol/L. One anti-leukemia mechanism in K562 cells appeared that BCR/ABL targeted protein was highly down-regulated. The siRNAs (siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786) may prove valuable in the treatment of CML.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.271-278
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• 2008

Dialkylated phthalates have been commonly used as plasticizers and a variety of applications. Phthalate diesters have been shown to be developmental and reproductive toxicants. It is very difficult to exactly estimate the dose of dialkylated phthalates taken up by the general population because of environmental contamination. Urinary metabolites of phthalates enabled to estimate internal exposure. The objective of this study was quantitative determination of phthalate metabolites by LC/MS/MS with on-line cleanup method to analyze phthalate metabolites in Korean children's urine. We employed LC/MS/MS with on-line enrichment and column-switching techniques for this biological monitoring. Metabolites determined were 4 primary metabolites; MEHP, MnBP, MiBP, MEP and 2 secondary metabolites of DEHP; 5-OH-MEHP), 5-oxo-MEHP. We analyzed children's urine from 30 boys and 30 girls. The method detection limit of phthalate metabolites were 0.03 ng/mL for MEP, 1.05 ng/mL for MBP, 0.22 ng/mL for MEHP, 0.15 ng/mL for 5-OHMEHP and 0.16 ng/mL for 5-oxo-MEHP, respectively. Switching Column LC/MS/MS was proven to be a useful tool to determine metabolites of phthalate diesters in human urine. The correlation among phthalate metabolites was very high and statistically significant, except MEP. The children's age (months) was negatively correlated to the concentration of phthalate metabolites. The geometric mean concentration of phthalate metabolites (mg/g creatinine) in children's urine were 25.5 for MEP, 130.3 for MnBP, 56.8 for MiBP, 19.5 for MEHP, 85.6 for 5-OH-MEHP and 83.1 for 5-oxo-MEHP, respectively. Levels of estimated daily intake of parent phthalate compounds (${\mu}g$/kg bw/day) were 0.8 for DEP, 5.0 for DnBP, 1.9 for DiBP and $8.9{\sim}14.2$ for DEHP, respectively. Estimated daily intake for DEP and DiBP were lower than those of other studies but the value for DEHP was higher than that of other study.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the recently developed multi-detector computed tomography and cone beam computed tomography in pre-operative implant evaluation, by comparing them with the single detector computed tomography, already confirmed for accuracy in this area. Materials and Methods: Five partially edentulous dry human mandibles, with $1{\times}1mm$ gutta percha cones, placed in 5mm intervals posterior to the mental foramen on each side of the buccal part of the mandible, were used in this study. They were scanned as follows: 1) Single detector computed tomography: slice thickness 1mm, 200mA, 120kV 2) Multi-detector computed tomography: slice thickness 0.75mm, 250mA, 120kV 3) Cone beam computed tomography: 15mAs, 120kV Axial images acquired from three computed tomographies were transferred to personal computer, and then reformatted cross-sectional images were generated using V-Implant $2.0^{(R)}$ (CyberMed Inc., Seoul, Korea) software. Among the cross-sectional images of the gutta perch a cone, placed in the buccal body of the mandible, the most precise cross section was selected as the measuring point and the distance from the most superior border of the mandibular canal to the alveolar crest was measured and analyzed 10 times by a dentist. Results: There were no significant intraobserver differences in the distance from the most superior border of the mandibular canal to the alveolar crest (p>0.05). There were no significant differences among single detector computed tomography, multi-detector computed tomography and cone beam computed tomography in the distance from the most superior border of the mandibular canal to the alveolar crest (p>0.05). Conclusion: Multi-detector computed tomography and cone beam computed tomography are clinically useful in the evaluation of pre-operative site for mandibular dental implants, with consideration for radiation exposure dose and scanning time.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.1383-1391
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• 2016

The fungal strain EML-DML3PNa1 isolated from leaf of white dogwood (Cornus alba L.) showed strong nematicidal activity with juvenile mortality of 87.6% at a concentration of 20% fermentation broth filtrate at 3 days after treatment. The active fungal strain was identified as Aspergillus oryzae, which belongs to section Flavi, based on the morphological characteristics and sequence analysis of the ITS rDNA, calmodulin (CaM), and β-tubulin (BenA) genes. The strain reduced the pH value to 5.62 after 7 days of incubation. Organic acid analysis revealed the presence of citric acid (515.0 mg/kg), malic acid (506.6 mg/kg), and fumaric acid (21.7 mg/kg). The three organic acids showed moderate nematicidal activities, but the mixture of citric acid, malic acid, and fumaric acid did not exhibit the full nematicidal activity of the culture filtrate of EML- DML3PNa1. Bioassay-guided fractionation coupled with ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR and EI-MS analyses led to identification of kojic acid as the major nematicidal metabolite. Kojic acid exhibited dose-dependent mortality and inhibited the hatchability of M. incognita, showing EC₅₀ values of 195.2 μg/ml and 238.3 μg/ml, respectively, at 72 h post-exposure. These results suggest that A. oryzae EML-DML3PNa1 and kojic acid have potential as a biological control agent against M. incognita.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2003

목 적 : 전산화 단층촬영장치는 방사선을 이용한 질병의 진단에 중추적인 역할을 하는 장비이다. 시대의 흐름과 과학기술의 발달로 전산화 단층촬영장치도 그 발전을 거듭해왔고 앞으로도 전산화 단층촬영장치를 이용한 검사는 더욱더 증가하리라 생각된다. 검사의 증가와 함께 산란선에 노출될 기회가 많아질 것이라는 생각 또한 사실이다. 이에 전산화 단층촬영실의 제어실내 환자 보기창 앞과 환자 및 보호자들이 출입하는 출입문 외측 그리고 환자 검사 시 촬영실내에서의 산란선 발생률을 측정하였고 산란선의 피폭을 가장 최소화 할 수 있는 방법을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 2001년 11월부터 서울소재 13개 종합병원 및 대학병원에 설치 운용중인 전산화 단층촬영장치 25를 대상으로 하였다. 촬영조건은 피폭선량 측정시 제조업소에서 권고 하고있는 촬영조건을 사용하였고, 이때 피사체는 피폭선량 측정용 DALI CT 피폭선량 측정용 두부용 팬톰(${\phi}16\;cm$ Plexglas)과 복부용 팬톰(${\phi}32\;cm$ Plexglas)을 사용하였다. 산란선의 측정은 환경방사선 측정용 Survey Meter인 Radical Corporation, model $20{\times}5-1800$, Electrometer/Ion chamber, S/N 21740에 Reader(Radiation Monitor Controller model 2026)과 G-M Survey를 이용하였다. 산란선의 측정위치는 전산화 단층촬영실에서 방사선 작업종사자가 주로 활동하는 제어실내 환자 보기창 앞과 환자 및 보호자들이 출입하는 출입문 외측 그리고 피사체 스캔시 등선량중심점(isocenter)으로부터 100 cm되는 지점에서 측정하였다. 결 과 : 각 병원에서 설치 운용중인 전산화 단층촬영실내 작업환경은 해당병원의 상황에 따라 많은 차이를 보이고 있었고 산란선의 발생유무는 다음과 같았다. 1) 전산화 단층촬영장치의 등선량중심점(isocenter)에서부터 제어실내 환자 보기창 사이의 거리는 평균 377 cm이였고 이때 산란선은 거의 검출되지 않은 곳에서부터 약 100 mR/week까지 다양한 분포를 보였으나 주당 허용선량인 $2.58{\times}10^{-5}\;C/kg$(100 mR/week)이내의 조건을 만족하고 있었다. 2) 전산화 단층촬영장치의 등선량중심점(isocenter)에서부터 환자 및 보호자가 출입하는 출입문 외측까지의 거리는 평균 439cm이었고, 이때 산란선은 거의 검출되지 않은 곳부터 다양한 분포를 보였으나 대부분의 병원에서 주당허용선량인 $2.58{\times}10^{-6}\;C/kg$(10 mR/week)이내의 조건을 만족하고 있었다. 3) 피사체를 스캔할 때 등선량중심점(isocenter)에서부터 100 cm되는 곳에서의 산란선량은 장비에 따라 많은 차이가 있었다. 결 론 : 진단용 방사선발생장치에서 전산화 단층촬영장치의 이용은 나날이 증가하고 있고 다른 일반 X-선 촬영과 비교했을 때 진단영역이 매우 높지만 방사선으로 인한 피폭과 산란선에 노출될 가능성이 매우 높다. 전산화 단층촬영실에서 산란선으로부터 조금이라도 자유로워지기 위해서는 설계단계에서부터 충분한 공간 확보가 우선되어야하고 모든 검사에서 방사선사는 최소의 선량으로 최상의 영상을 제공할 수 있는 다양한 기술개발에 더욱 노력을 아끼지 말아야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.141-145
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• 2002

In order to clarify the neuroprotective effect of Gamibojungikki-tang (GBJIKT) water extract on cultured mouse spinal sensory neuron damaged by glucose Oxidase (GO), MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay and SRB (Sulforhodamine B) assay were carried out after the cultured mouse spinal sensory neuron were preincubated with various concentrations of GBJIKT water extract for 3 hours prior to exposure of GO. Cell viability of cultured mouse spinal sensory neurons exposed to various concentrations of GO for 8 hours was decreased in a dose-dependent manner. MTT50 values were 45 mU/ml GO. Cultured mouse spinal sensory neurons in the medium containing various concentration of GO for 8 hours showed decreasing of total protein synthesis. GO was toxic on cultured spinal sensory neurons. Pretreatment at GBJIKT water extract for 3 hours following GO prevented the GO-induced neurotoxicity such as decreasing of total protein synthesis. These results suggest that GO shows toxic effect on cultured spinal sensory neurons and GBJIKT water extract is highly effective in proecting the neurotoxicity induced by GO.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2007

Objectives : Licorice has been commonly used as a detoxification agent. We previously reported that licorice and its component, liquiritigenin, exhibits cytoprotective activity against Pb-induced toxicity. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of liquiritigenin on the lead-induced cytotoxicity in PC-12 cells. Methods : PC-12 cells were pre-treated with liquiritigenin, and further incubated with lead 100 ${\mu}M$ for $12^{\sim}48$ hours. The viability of PC-12 cells was measured by MTT assay, and the levels of proteins were analysed by western blot. Results : Severe cytotoxicity was induced and nitric oxide (NO) production was augmented by the exposure of lead. Liquiritigenin protected cells from lead-induced cytoxicity and reduced NO production in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of NO production was due to the suppression of iNOS protein via the inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$ nuclear translocation, determined by western blot analysis. Conclusions : These results suggest that liquiritigenin may exert cytoprotective effect against lead toxicity by inhibiting NO production.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.815-822
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• 2012

Resveratrol 유도체의 일종으로 stilbene계열 물질인 piceatannol은 암세포의 증식을 억제하고 apoptosis를 유발하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 A549 인체 폐암세포를 대상으로 piceatannol에 의한 암세포 증식억제와 연관된 부가적인 기전연구를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과에서 piceatannol이 A549 세포에서 extrinsic 및 intrinsic pathway의 동시 활성을 통하여 apoptosis를 유발하였음을 Fas/FasL의 발현 증가와 caspase-8 및 -9의 활성증가로 확인하였다. 또한 piceatannol은 caspase-3의 활성을 증가시켰으며, caspase-3의 다양한 표적 단백질들의 발현 감소가 동반되었다. 아울러 piceatannol에 의한 apoptosis 유발 과정은 iNOS의 발현 감소에 의한 NO의 생성 억제와도 연관성이 있었다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.343-347
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• 2002

In order to darify the neuroprotective effect of Gamibojungikki-tang(GBJIKT) water extract on cultured mouse spinal sensory neuron damaged by glucose Oxidase (GO), NR (Neutral Red) assay and LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase) activity assay were carried out after the cultured mouse spinal sensory neuron were preincubated with various concentrations of GBJIKT water extract for 3 hours prior to exposure of GO. Cell viability of cultured mouse spinal sensory neurons exposed to various concentrations of GO for 8 hours was decreased in a dose-dependent manner. NR/sub 50/ values were 50 mU/ml GO. Cultured mouse spinal sensory neurons in the medium containing various concentration of GO for 8 hours showed increasing of LDH activity. We knew that GO was toxic on cultured spinal sensory neurons. Pretreatment of GBJIKT water extract for 3 hours following GO prevented the GO-induced neurotoxicity such as increasing of LDH activity. These results suggest that GO shows toxic effect on cultured spinal sensory neurons and GBJIKT water extract is highly effective in proecting the neurotoxicity induced by GO.