• 무역학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.355-375
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• 2022

In this study, LCA based on EU PAS 2050 and Product Category Rules (PCR) was conducted for steel products with the highest proportion of Korea's exports to the EU among the carbon border adjustment items that were passed by the EU Parliament in June and applied to imports from 2025. Carbon emissions were calculated by (ISO 14040) analysis. As a result of the analysis, the total emission is 394,000 tons, and when converted to the EU ETS weekly price, it is 39,000.000 euros, which is about 5% of the export amount of 734 million dollars. This is the same effect as a 5% tariff increase. This study applies international standards in calculating the carbon footprint and provides information that is closest to the expected amount to be imposed in the future EU CBAM, providing the effect of enabling exporters to establish trade strategies and international competitiveness measures in advance.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제52권
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• pp.97-118
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• 2011

85% of South Korea's gross domestic product(GDP) depends on trade. Exports amount in 2011 exceeds $ 5,000Billion. Korea is expected to achieve $ 1 trillion in total trade volume and will become finally the ninth in the world. We do not have a lot of natural resources and are bound to export the finished products to pursue economic development. In other words, trade sector is very essential for Korea to continue economic growth. The department of trade in universities have brought up the concerned students serving for trade sectors. Currently, "half-price tuition" in universities has become very controversial issue in Korea so this paper studies the efficiency of "the Department" because the universities may reconsider the adjustment of tuition fee, if they can enhance the efficiency level. DEA model is used for the analysis. As a result, 8 DMUs like KAN1, KEI5, BAE10 etc. show relatively higher efficiency levels.

• 기술사
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.9-14
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• 1991

To date Korean electronic industry has held a position of the first rank both in productions and exports among the nation's industries. However, it is gradually losing its competitive foundation in the world market owing both to the weakening in price competition by least developed among developing countries(LDDC) and to the lack in technological competition with industrially advanced countries. Specifically it is worried about an industrial subordination to industrially advanced countries owing to an evasion of components supply, control of amount of materials, and the evasion of kernel technology transfer etc. As the condition has developed, both the government and the electronic industry in July of this year came to jointly establish a research and development center for electronic components for the purpose of rehabilitating the electronic industry and accordingly strengthen the export industry which has been and continuance to be vital to our nation.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.171-184
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• 2012

We suggest that cultural differences among nations should have a significant impact upon the exports of Korean broadcasting contents due to the fact that production and consumption of the contents are influenced by their own cultural aspects. Based on Hofstede's cultural dimensions frequently cited in the literature, we perform empirical analysis to identify the impact of cultural dimensions upon the export amounts by investigating four-year export data of Korean broadcasting industry. In our research model, Hofstede's cultural dimensions and GDP per capita are independent variables and a genre of broadcasting contents is used as a moderating variable. We find in our analysis that three cultural dimensions such as individualism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity significantly affect the export amount but do not find the impact of power distance.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.242-255
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• 1994

Indigenous technological development and import of foreign technologies are two major sources of industrial innovation in Korea. This paper mainly deals with the analysis of the relationship between the two sources, employing the Tobit method. The estimation of the effects of those two sources on the firms' sales growth is also performed, including other exogenous variables such as fixed capital formation and the amount of exports, etc. in the model. Technological import is shown to be complimentary rather than substitute for or competitive with R&D in the Korean industries during 1990. This is understandable because R&D may be conducted to absorb and adapt the advanced imported technologies as well as to further more innovative technological development. Fixed capital formation is positively correlated with technology import, but negatively correlated with R&D. Technology importation seems to have contributed much more than R&D to the sales increase in the Korean industries.

• 광물과 암석
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.135-145
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• 2023

골재(aggregate)는 콘크리트(concrete) 또는 아스팔트(asphalt)와 같은 안정화된 재료를 생산하는데 사용되며 주택, 산업, 도로, 에너지 및 건강에 대한 사회적 요구를 충족시키는데 기본이 된다. 2021년 세계 골재 생산량은 423억 5천만톤으로 전년도 419억 7천만톤과 비교하여 0.91% 증가하였고 중국, 인도, 유럽연합(EU) 및 미국(USA)만 20억만톤 이상 골재를 생산하여 점유율은 71.75%로 나타났다. 우리나라는 골재 생산이 지속적으로 증가하여 3억 9천만톤, 점유율 0.85%로 멕시코 및 일본을 추월하여 7위를 차지하였다. 전세계적으로 산업용 모래 및 자갈은 3억 5천만톤이 생산되었고, 상위 국가 순위는 중국, 미국, 네델란드, 이탈리아, 인도, 튀르키예 및 프랑스로 나타났다. 7개 국가만 천만톤 이상 생산하여 전체 점유율이 74.69%를 차지했다. 골재 수출액은 전년도 천연석 193.7억 달러, 인공석 109.3억 달러와 비교하여 천연석은 23.1억 달러, 인공석은 26.6억 달러 증가해 각각 216.8억 달러, 135.9억 달러로 나타났다. 모래 수출액은 총 17.1억 달러이며 상위 국가 순위는 미국, 네델란드, 독일 및 벨기에으로 나타났으며, 4개 국가만 1억 달러이상 수출하여 전체 점유율이 57.70%을 차지했다. 자갈 수출액은 총 27.5억 달러이며 상위 국가 순위는 중국, 노르웨이, 독일, 벨기에, 프랑스 및 오스트리아로 나타났고, 6개 국가만 1억 달러이상 수출하여 전체 점유율이 48.30%를 차지했다. 1950년대 이후 골재 채석은 인구 증가, 도시화, 기반 시설 개발 및 생활방식의 변화로 인해 급속도로 증가했다. 또한 해수면 상승으로 인한 토지 간척 및 홍수 방지를 위해 막대한 양의 골재를 필요로 한다. 2011~2060년에 골재 채석 규모와 수요가 연간 24Gt에서 55Gt로 두배로 증가할 것으로 예상된다. 그러나 골재 채취로 피해를 받는 생태계를 돌이킬 수 없는 상황까지 진행될 가능성이 높으며, 세계적으로 골재 부족과 사회적 갈등이 증가할 것으로 전망된다.

• 동아시아경상학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-31
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• 2018

Purpose - This study is to analyze indicators characterizing the monetary turnover and its determining factors. Also this paper looked at the evolution of monetary aggregates of the Russian Federation, Australian, Sweden, Denmark, countries of CIS at the present stage of development and in the historical context. Research design, data, and methodology - The scale of research on Russia: to be analyzed the amount of data from the 2011 by 2016. In the historical context of the estimated data in the 1900-2011. On Belarus - the 2007-2017, on Tajikistan - the 2000 - 2017, on Kazakhstan - the 2000-2017, on Kyrgyzstan - the 2000-2017, on Australian - the 1959-2017, on Sweden - the 2009-2017, on Denmark - the 1999-2017. Results - Hypothesis 1. In Russian Federation the monetary stock has the steady tendency to growth. The dynamics of money supply in Russia is largely determined by historical events. Hypothesis 2. The dynamics of money supply the leading countries-partners has the tendency to grow. The monetary amount of countries-partners are analyzed is largely determined by external debt, GDP, the exports, the imports, the international reserves. Conclusions - The dynamics of monetary stock of Russia is determined by the historical events in many respects. The Russian Federation maintains a steady and the liquid economic position in the case of considerable amount of monetary stock and the high degree of its surplus. In most of the countries studied, the monetary supply has a significant volume exceeding the needs of the economy. If the distribution of monetary mass is adequate and there is a vertical of financial control, this will not have a negative impact on the country's economic stability and the development.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제11권9호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2020

Purpose: Many studies show that promoting the development of trade facilitation has a positive role in stimulating the country's foreign trade. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the development level of trade facilitation for China's export trade. Research design, data and methodology:This study analyzes the growth trend of China's export trade volume in 2009-2019, the characteristics of China's export trade market according to the top 18 major exporting countries in 2017-2018, the structure of export commodities to understand China's economic development level, and compares the total amount of trade exported to all uses this to measure the level of trade development. On this basis, this paper selects the 2011-2018 Trade Facilitation Index and C continents to study the development trend. Based on the theory of trade facilitation, this paper constructs the Trade Facilitation Index, and hina's export trade volume for empirical research. Results: The results show that trade facilitation has a positive and significant impact on the development of China's export trade. Conclusions: Based on the analysis of the actual situations and empirical results, this paper puts forward some suggestions to promote the level of trade facilitation in order to promote the development of import and export trade.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.826-834
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• 2003

This research is to reveal an aspect of costume culture and a phase of the cloths in the relationship of the Chosun dynasty, by considering the exported goods from the Chosun dynasty of the trading goods derived by the trade diplomacy between the two countries in the Chosun dynasty-Japan relationship in the 15th and 16th. The research findings, by analyzing various literatures and related documents, follow. The research results are as follow. The exchange was the form of presenting a return present in return for a tribute to the Chosun dynasty from the Japanese envoy, which has a polycentric characteristic. Pusanpo, Naipo, and Yumpo were designated as the open ports, which played a pivotal role in the Korea-Japan exchange. The imported goods were somok, peppers, drug-stuffs, gold, bronze, sulfur, etc. The exported goods were books and cloths, such as hemp cloths, cotton cloths, silk, etc. The majority of exported goods was cloths, particularly cotton cloths. Meanwhile, in the 15th and the 16th century, with expanding of active trade towards Japan, the amount of export increased rapidly. As a result of the increase of exporting cotton cloths, the raw cottons production was increased and cotton cloth manufacturing was developed. However, it also expanded a dual structure of cotton cloths between the cotton cloths for exports and the cotton cloths for domestic markets. This dual structure of cotton cloth was lead to the deterioration of cotton cloths and had an effect on the price increases of domestic markets.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.39-55
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• 2022

Purpose - This study empirically examines the effect of the Korean government export promotion program (EPP) on small and medium-sized enterprise (SMEs) export performance using firm-level data. Unlike most previous studies that investigated some specific samples of firms, this study analyzes a vast amount of SME data of the Korean Small and Medium Business Administration over the period 2005 to 2008. Design/methodology - An endogeneity problem arises when a firm's probability of being selected is correlated with the likelihood of successfully implementing EPPs. To control for the endogeneity of the EPPs in a relatively short-period sample, we employ 2-Stage Residual Inclusion (2SRI) RE-Tobit and bivariate Tobit procedure. Findings - Analyses show that Korean government EPPs have positive significant effects on SME exports. Empirical results also show that SME export activities are significantly encouraged by R&D investment and capital intensity, but not obviously by labor productivity. Originality/value - This study provides evidence that SME capital intensity, R&D investment, and the number of workers are significant determinants to SME exporting activities, whereas per worker labor cost and employee education are not. These results imply that even for SMEs, firm size is a major factor in promoting exporting activities.