• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.143-163
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• 2006

The terms electronic trade, electronic trading and electronic commerce are often used interchangeably, and refer to trading transactions conducted using electronic media. Electronic trade is business-to-business transactions in an industrial context, while electronic commerce refers to retailing and the consumer sector as well as mass marketing. The Electronic trade process is defined as a flow of information (documents) exchanged between enterprises and trade-related firms (shipping companies, foreign exchange banks, forwarders, etc.) in the course of implementing a series of export and import procedures. Electronic trading systems exploit information technology to improve the efficiency of communications and/or to alter the nature of inter-organizational transactions. Many studies exist about the adoption of inter-organizational systems (IOS) and electronic data interchange (EDI), but few focus on electronic trade. The literature on exporting companies's electronic trade adoption and implementation, although extensive, consists mainly of exploratory studies focusing on technological characteristics such as barriers, benefits and usage. The purpose of this study is to broaden this perspective by investigating the environmental, organizational and technological drivers of business-to-business e-commerce adoption.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.346-352
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• 2009

The eventual goal of this paper is to help the generating companies and load-serving entities to choose appropriate relative levels of interconnected system versus bilateral trades while considering risk, and economic performance. In competitive power markets, electricity prices are determined by balance between demand and supply in electric power exchanges or bilateral contracts. The problem formulation is bilateral contract incorporated into Multi-area unit commitment with import/export and tie-line constraints. This proposed method considers maximizing own profit or minimize the operating cost among the generating companies in multi-area system. The feasibility of the proposed algorithm has been demonstrated using IEEE system with four areas and experimental results shows that proposed method is reliable, fast and computationally efficient

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.14
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• pp.373-395
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• 2000

Recently international trade environment has been rapidly changed according to information age. In particular, international trade has been carried out with various ways under the digital revolution. In this regard, the companies are handling their business with the open network internet and doing their critical marketing activities which are very different from the existed trade customs. However, trade-related information database which is necessary to import and export activities is partly built, and there are many issues to be settled down. In other words, electronic trade opportunity website in the field of overseas marketing and customs clearance with EDI(electronic data interchange) are developed, but the database which companies can make use of their businesses is not fully supported. Therefore the structured database should be developed urgently from the stage of opening business to that of payment. This study closely analyzes the databases under the trade procedure, look into the problems of those database and suggest the solutions of trade information databases. Finally this study provides a sort of trade infrastructure for the development of international trade by internet through the building of trade information.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.63-89
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• 2006

Recently, the technology is getting to be the most important factor for companies, as the industry is changing fast. The uncertainty and complexity of technology valuation arc higher so that the technology concentrated companies need more developed and high performance technology. This paper reviews the methods of technology valuation for five categories that have been developed by valuation researchers, (1) research of technology diffusion and acceptance model, (2) research of technology valuation, (3) research of technology import and export factor, (4) research of technology valuation model, (5) research of technology transfer and market. And we propose a new technology valuation model using need(market), seed(technology) and deeds(management) factor by cross impact matrix. This model gives us the reference negotiation range for deciding the amount of royalty. I hope this paper induces more research on this field of technology valuation.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.213-236
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• 2017

World trade has entered a stagnant state, protection trade measures are spread due to delayed economic recovery in developed countries, sluggish investment in emerging economies such as China, economic recession in resource exporting countries, and geopolitical and political uncertainties along with the election period in the US and other major industrialized countries. Thus, in the economic structure of our country with a focus on export, for small and medium enterprises to grow, efforts for having various markets are necessary. The importance of the trade insurance system, which can support the risk management of enterprises, is emphasized by the fact that the majority of SME exporters have a risk management level and a lack of corporate capacity to enter the global market. This study was surveyed with 87 small and medium export companies in South Korea. The purpose of this study is to verify the effect relationship how service quality of trade insurance and utilization of trade insurance impact on the risk management of trade payment and export performance. The research hypothesis and model was derived from the basis of existing theory and empirical research, and obtained the following results. Firstly, Service Quality of Trade Insurance showed positive (+) effect on Export Performance. Secondly, Utilization of Trade Insurance showed positive (+) effect on Risk Management of Trade Payment. Thirdly, Risk Management of Trade Payment showed positive (+) effect on Export Performance. This study is differentiated from previous research information by empirically evaluating the relationship between the risk management of trade payment and export performance through utilization of trade insurance. This study contributed to academic by examining the research on the risk management of trade insurance and also practically suggested the direction how small and medium export company is to take the advantage of the trade insurance.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.66
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• pp.285-312
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• 2015

Export and import of food, agriculture, forestry, fishery products are suffering from low growth rate due to the European financial crisis, global recession, and Japan's 2012 export expansion following the aftermath of 2011 earthquake. Upon the signing and enactment of Free Trade Agreement with the U.S. and the EU, agriculture and fishery product have become the center of attention. Agriculture and fishery was reported to be 80million dollars, 1.46% of total national export, in 2012. Starting from2000, South Korea's government began its effort to expand agriculture and fishery export and as a result, export has steadily increased despite decreased consumption led by global recession. K-Sure has started an insurance program with the purpose of promoting SME business's export. It protects SME business against risk arising from credit, emergency, bad debt, and domestic price increase. This study aims to evaluate the service quality of K-Sure's insurance program via surveying SME businesses in the agriculture and fishery industry. Also this study will identify key service factors for SME businesses and explore ways to expand SME exports of agriculture and fishery by analyzing consumer satisfaction index. Results indicated service product quality factor, service communication quality factor, and social quality factor was key to improving consumer satisfaction for SME businesses in agriculture and fishery industry. Service product quality factor had a negative effect on consumer satisfaction in term of variety and results indicated that service communication quality factor's responsiveness element had minimal impact on consumer satisfaction. Conversely, all elements for social quality factor had positive effects on consumer satisfaction. Thus, leading to the conclusion that improvements in service product quality factor and service communication quality factor will indeed increase consumer satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.139-150
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• 1998

Due to development of science and telecommunication with wide-spread computer supply, it could be done through computer automatically instead of manpower-work for paper transportation & paper approval. It is developed to so-called Factory Automation. Further, it is developed to Office Automation. Trading companies & concerned trade authorities are interested in Trade Automation that such technique is applied to trade work. Generally, Trade Automation means to realize paperless trade by exchanging electronic papers through inter-computers after concerned trade operators transformed various papers to electronic papers that computer could read. In case Trade Automation fix in the trade business, it is expected one of innovations among traditional paper work of trade business, namely without going import-export authorities, Customs office, Banks. Shipping companies, Marine insurance companies on hand-carrying papers, it could be fast, simple, correct to finish every trade procedures such as commercial business, foreign currency, customs clearance, transportations, insurance. terms of payment, etc., with Electronic Data Interchange through computer facilities. Especially, telecommunication for trade form could be helpful to proceed trade paper with one-run-method Further we can anticipate 6 effects for Trade Automation as belows : First, as explained just above articles, with completion for Trade Automation, every trade procedures can be done by computer. so, time to work can be diminished. namely. logistics cost including accessory costs for trade procedures can be saved much. Second, viewing to private enterprise, effect of Office Automation can be maximized and rapid, correct exchange for various trade informations could raise efficiency of enterprise management establishing rational production, storage, transportation and could raise competition improving standard for consumers's service. Third, establishing Trade Automation systems makes it easier piling-up of harbor cargo by pre-transmission of electronic paper & trade informations make it possible to finish customs clearance in advance and can be dispatched upon cargo arrival. Fourth, most of concerned trade authorities such as import-export approval office. financial authorities, transport & insurance companies concentrated in Metropolitan area(Seoul, In -Cheon, Kyung-Ki). Therefore, in case Trade Automation could be realized. it is possible to proceed trade business instantly in every country area by computer facilities. Also. it contribute well-balanced development for suburb. region area by suburb dispersion of trading companies. Fifth, on the way to Trade Automation establishment & its enlargement process. producing enormous demand for over-all telecommunication such as hardware. software. network makes opportunity to progress telecommunication industry & concerned industries. Finally. Trade Automation accelerate change of employment structure leading unnecessary labors on the industries of office & logistics to manufacturing area.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.295-304
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• 2008

In order to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage in the expanding maritime transportation market, most shipping companies are making every effort to reduce transportation costs. Likewise, the car shipping companies, which carry more than 80% of total car import and export logistics volume, also do their utmost for transportation cost saving. Until now many researches have been made for efficient maritime transportation, but studies for car shipping companies have rarely been made. For this reason, this study has tried to develop a maritime transportation planning support system which can help to save logistics costs and increase a competitive power of car shipping companies. To this end, instead of manual effort to solve the routing problem of car carrier vessels, this study has used an integer programming model to make an optimal transportation planning at the minimum cost. Also in response to the frequent changes both in the car production schedule and ship's arrival schedule after the completion of transportation planning, this research has developed a decision support system of maritime transportation, so that users can easily modify their existing plans.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.1-27
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• 2007

The used car export of Korea has rapid growth with the competitive price through economic situation of IMF, but the export volume would be decreased due to the import restriction of used car by Iraqi, Middle Asian countries since 2004. This research would be suggested the proposal of "the used car's innovative export logistics system" to solve the increased supplying of used car and decreasing of used car's export. This proposal of "the used car's innovative export logistics system" present the advanced used car's export logistics center for activation of export and construction of integrated export logistics system to be promoted the export process. As a result of analysis of the economic effectiveness through the activation of used car's export at the port of Incheon, it is forecasted that the concerned companies have the increasing of net profit 27,000 million Korean won; the value added effectiveness 340,000 million Korean won, acceleration of employment 2,200 persons. The policy should be consistent in order to process of "the used car's innovative export logistics system". For promotion of used car's export, not only near vision for solve the current matter, but also the strategic policy and master plan for promotion of used car's export to the international competitiveness strength continuously. The object of this research is directed to "the used car's export integrated logistics system" and "policy" for creation of export logistics complex".

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.133-158
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• 2018

The role and ratio of national vessels in the global container shipping market have reduced significantly due to the bankruptcy of Hanjin Shipping in early 2017. All import-export companies, as well as container ports in Korea, are facing a crisis. The Trump's tariff and trade battles have had a negative impact on the increase in the North American cargo. However, Chinese and Japanese container shipping companies, which merged with domestic container shipping companies, and mega carriers such as Maersk and CMA CGM have benefited from the decline in shipping supplies due to the collapse of Hanjin Shipping, the world's 10th largest container carrier in Korea. The import/export freight trade in Korea is witnessing the increasing stronghold of foreign carriers. This scenario is expected to weaken Korea's negotiation powers with overseas shipping companies in domestic ports, such as Busan and Kwangyang, thereby making it more challenging to attract shipping carriers. This study compares the global container-shipping network in 2007 and 2017 by combining the network topology of the social network analysis and the economics of the liner shipping connectivity index (LSCI) and the container port connectivity index (CPCI) analysis. The findings of this study are that the role of the ports across the world can be identified, and CPCI has a high correlation with the centrality index and freight volume data. These findings can contribute toward the utilization of the meaning of the necessary centrality index without an additional centrality analysis. This study can be applied not only to the call strategy of container carriers but also to the alliance and development strategy of Korean ports.