• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2019

Purpose - This paper empirically investigates the competition effect of exports between Korea and China in their common-export markets considering market sophistication. Modern market sophistication includes an importing country's aggregate demand for products of high quality, design, novelty, eco-friendliness, and even IPR protection. Using an empirical analysis to identify the demand for product quality across countries, this paper estimates the effects of market sophistication on the competition between Korean exports and Chinese products. Design/Methodology - Our empirical model considers the relationship between an importing country's consumer sophistication and the export competition between Korea and China. This study employs the existing theoretical framework to identify the aggregate demand for product quality across countries. Using a quite direct measurement (the consumer sophistication index, our analysis investigates the differential effects of Korea's export market sophistication, particularly in markets where Korean exports are in competition with similar Chinese products. Findings - Our main findings can be summarized as follows: the negative effects of the export competition between Korea and China on Korea's exports are stronger in third markets where consumers are less sophisticated while the effects are not as pronounced in markets where consumers are more sophisticated. This result, however, best applies to differentiated goods which significantly vary in product quality. Originality/value - Existing studies focus on the supply side of production and make the assumption that the market preference for export quality is identical across countries. This paper attempts to evaluate the export competition between Korea and China from the demand-side perspective. This area of trade studies is underexplored both empirically and in theory, although the issue has long been important to Korean and world trade.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.81-100
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• 2013

This paper investigates the new link between the export-creating effects of Korea's tied aid and the export-diverting effects coming from China's export expansion, which have been rarely explored by the existing studies. A panel data consisting of 98-104 aid recipients of Korea through the period of 1995-2009 shows that the net export-creating effects are weaker at the export destinations where the export competition between Korea and China is fierce, while they are stronger at the export markets where it is not so severe. These findings applies to consumption goods rather than capital and intermediate goods.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.45-62
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• 2016

This paper analyzes changes in the export potential and competitiveness of China, Japan, and Korea. The analysis of Japan's export market share reveals that in sectors where Korea's potential was strong in the early 1990s, Japan's market share diminished. This suggests the possibility that Korea was catching up with Japan, eating into Japan's market share. The same analysis of Korea's export market share in the 2000s shows, for items in which China's export potential was high, Korea's market share has declined comparatively since 2010, with the tendency growing much larger. China's export potential continues to expand in markets for Korea's key export products, making it difficult to rule out the possibility that Korea's competitiveness in key export products will be hindered, driven by the catching up of China. To respond to these challenges, it is important for Korea continuously to foster and enhance creative and core capabilities that latecomers will not easily be able to emulate.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2019

Purpose - This research empirically proves that global shipbuilding industry leadership has moved to China from Korea. Design/Methodology - Competitiveness is measured by AHP for the weights of comprehensive competitiveness, which is the output mixture of three attributive factors: shipbuilding technology, shipbuilding contract price, and export credit. Findings - China is far ahead of Korea for standard vessels such as bulkers and containerships with competitiveness weights of 0.762 and 0.612, respectively, against 0.238 and 0.388 of Korea. Korea is maintaining its competitiveness only in LNG carriers (174k CBM) with a competitiveness weight 0.621. China and Korea have similar competitiveness for chemical carriers, complex vessels with a small hull size. The sources of Chinese competitiveness are shipbuilding contract price and export credit. With the majority share of standard vessel types in the world fleet, China will hold a bigger market share than Korea in the global shipbuilding industry in the forthcoming years. Implications - The swing factors of market power are shipbuilding technology and contract price. If China fails to further develop shipbuilding technology for shipowners worried about the reliability of the Chinese-built vessels, shipowners may swing back to Korea. The rising Chinese labor cost will expedite this swing in the forthcoming competition. Originality/value - To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first paper that quantitatively examines the competitiveness of shipbuilding between China and Korea by comparing attributive factors for competitiveness.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.141-164
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• 2003

This study analysis the market status and competitive structure of Korean fishery in Japan import market, and derive policy implications for seeking main causes. Specifically', trade state between Korea and Japan is discovered and theoretical model is also used to analysis competitiveness between two countries. And then real measuring methods of competitive index is Introduced, the status of Korean fishery products in Japan import market is analysed totally through the study of comparative predominance and export competition. The analysis is based on the statistical methods such as RCA, RMI, and CMS. In summary, first, Korean fishery products have the comparative predominance in Japan, China and Thailand, but they have the comparative inferiority in USA, considering research results. Second, competitiveness of fishery products between Korea and in Japan import market extreme, relatively, competitiveness of Korean fishery products for Thailand's fishery products is lowest. Third, Korean fishery products maintain unconstant pattern, but competitive inputs result in increasing export to Japan generally.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.155-183
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• 2011

본 연구는 시장점유율지수 등 몇 가지 평가지수를 사용하여 EU시장을 대상으로 한국과 중국의 조선산업을 선종별로 분류하여 경합도를 비교 분석하였다. 분석 결과 한국의 EU지역에 대한 선박수출은 일부 선종에 편중되어 있고 수출실적이 전무한 선종이 많으며, 또한 현재 비교우위에 있는 선종에서조차 경쟁력이 약화되어 가는 등 전반적으로 중국에 비해 비교열위에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 중국은 세계 조선 최강국을 목표로 조선분야에 대한 국가차원의 대대적인 지원정책을 배경으로 경쟁력을 키워가고 있다. 한국 조선업계가 배전의 노력을 기울이지 않으면 현재와 같은 EU지역에서의 중국 우위 상황은 확대 지속될 가능성이 크다. EU지역은 국내 조선업계에 중요한 시장인 점을 감안하여 현재의 중국 우위 상황을 극복하고 한국 조선산업의 비교우위를 도모할 수 있는 적극적인 노력이 요구된다. 수출 선종의 다양화를 추진하고 국내 조선업계가 우위를 점하고 있는 선종에 대한 경쟁력을 계속 유지해 가야 한다. 또한 중국보다 앞선 기술우위를 바탕으로 그동안 꾸준히 추진해 온 고부가가치 선박으로의 차별화 전략을 적극 추진해 가야 할 것이다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.16-23
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• 2022

본 연구는 최근 10년(2011~2020) 기간 동안 HS 코드 6단위 기준 한국 건설기계의 주요 7개 수출품목을 대상으로 중국 및 미국과의 비교분석을 중심으로 국제경쟁력 추이를 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 UN Comtrade, 한국무역협회 무역통계를 이용하여 수출유사성지수, 무역경쟁력지수를 산출하여 분석하였다. 분석결과 최근 10년간 한국과 중국의 경쟁 경합도가 심화되고 있으며, 미국과의 경합도 일정수준에서 머무르고 있는 실정이다. 한국의 지게차(8427.20) 품목은 세계시장에서 강한 경쟁력을 가지고 세계에 수출을 하고 있다. 한국 건설기계의 수출비중이 가장 큰 굴착기(8429.52)와 로더(8429.51)는 중량 우위가 있지만 가격열위로서 수출을 하고 있다. 나머지 품목들은 가격과 중량이 비교열위로 나타났으며 세계시장에서의 경쟁력이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석결과는 다음과 같은 시사점을 제시한다. 첫째, 코로나19 백신 접종 등이 이루어지면서 경기부양 및 친환경 정책에 따른 인프라 투자 확대 등으로 향후 수요가 증가할 것으로 전망되는 범용성 있는 건설기계 품목의 수출 확대를 위한 노력을 강화하는 것이 필요하다. 둘째, 품질우위와 가격경쟁우위가 있는 것으로 나타난 굴착기는 중국 및 미국은 물론 신흥개도국에 대한 수출 마케팅 활동을 더욱 강화할 필요가 있다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.37-59
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• 2021

Purpose - Although models of innovation and exporting dominate recent studies of relations between innovation and access to foreign markets, relations between innovation and foreign direct investment (FDI) are less explored. This is especially true of relations between types of innovation and FDI. We fill that gap in the literature with empirical evidence that clarifies whether firms enter foreign markets through exports or FDI. Design/methodology - In order to assess the role of innovation in firms' international engagement strategies, we develop research hypotheses and present new empirical evidence on firms' choice of entry - exports and FDI - based on firm-level data. Findings - Our empirical results suggest that the impact of product innovation is more significant in transition from being a purely domestic firm to an exporter, while process innovation more significantly affect transition from being an exporter to a multinational enterprise. Our results also support 'self-selection into FDI' rather than 'learning-by-performing FDI' in the relationship between innovation and firms' overseas expansion. Originality/value - Recent literature on the relationship between innovation and firms' participation in foreign markets is dominated by models of innovation and export behavior. However, foreign direct investment by multinational enterprises may also be associated with firms' innovative activities. We first analyze how product and process innovations influence firms' choices to initiate exports or FDI.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.235-253
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• 2010

The export is an important economic growth strategy in South Korea. South Korea is strongly dependant on external trades. Bilateral trade between China and South Korea has been grown rapidly in recent years. The China is now Korea's first-largest trading partner. Thus, the Korea-China Free Trade Agrement (FTA) in South Korea's trade operations is very important. A discussion of Korea-China bilateral FTA commenced in 2004 November. This paper is to recognize the phenomenon of major issued fields in the Korea-China FTA such as a manufacturing, agriculture, customs and seek a negotiation strategy that are summarized as follows. In terms of trade based on manufacturing, it is necessary to divide into a private, general reduction and priority reduction item to recognize whether it is complementary or competitive on the specific industry in the FTA negotiation by using an index regarding supplement and competition of these two countries. In particularly sensitive agricultural field, FTA should be progressed gradually after giving a certain period of time of grace period on the basis of various flexible tariff systems in order to minimize agriculture damage as a result of the rapid growth from import of Chinese agricultural goods.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.249-280
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• 2004

1990년대의 한국경제는 여러 가지 극적인 변화를 경험하였다. 가장 극적이었던 경제위기와 그로부터의 회복에 가려지기 쉽지만, 우리 경제가 겪은 가장 중요한 변화 중의 하나는 총요소생산성이 산업성장의 주요 동력으로 자리매김한 것이다. 본 연구는 이 기간 동안의 산업성장동력의 변화가 무역성과에 미친 영향을 특히 한국-중국-일본의 구도 속에서 분석한다. 무역성과의 분석을 위해서는 산업별 수출성과, CEPII 현시비교우위지수, 경합도 등이 사용되었다. 분석결과, 한국이 거의 모든 산업, 특히 노동집약적인 분야에서는 중국의 추격을 허용한 반면, 자본집약적이거나 기술집약적인 부문, 즉 총요소생산성의 증가가 성장을 주도한 산업에서는 일본을 극히 제한된 부문에서만 따라 잡는 것으로 나타나, 저간에 회자되는 'nut-cracking'의 우려가 1990년대부터 발생하였음을 보이고, 이로부터 벗어나는 것이 더 이상 미룰 수 없는 심각하고 시급한 과제임을 역설한다.