• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.771-778
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• 1995

편광 근적외선 조사가 실험적 통증역치에 영향을 미치는지를 규명하기 위해서 건강한 성인의 합곡혈에 여러 단계의 출력량으로 편광 근적외선을 30초간 조사하고 시간 경과에 따라 실험적 통증역치를 측정하여 분석하였다. 실험 결과 출력량 0 %인 대조군과 10 % 및 20 %의 출력량에서는 실험적 통증역치의 유의한 변화가 없었다. 그러나 출력량 40 %군의 실험적 통증역치는 편광 근적외선 조사전 $3.85{\pm}0.51mA$에서 조사 직후 $4.77{\pm}0.87mA$, 조사 후 30분 $5.57{\pm}0.98mA$, 조사 후 1시간 $5.68{\pm}1.06mA$, 조사 후 2시간 $5.34{\pm}0.96mA$로 증가되었고, 출력량 80 %군에서도 실험적 통증역치가 조사전 $3.87{\pm}0.92mA$에서 조사 직후 $4.45{\pm}0.62mA$, 조사 후 30분 $4.91{\pm}0.51mA$, 조사 후 1시간 $4.93{\pm}0.62mA$, 조사 후 2시간 $5.55{\pm}1.11mA$로 증가하였다. 실험적 통증역치는 편광 근적외선 조사 직후부터 2시간까지 유의하게 증가하였다. 40 % 출력량과 80 % 출력량의 실험적 통증역치는 유의한 차이가 없었고, 출력량과 시간의 상호작용효과는 없었다. 건강인의 실험적 통증역치를 대상으로 한 본 연구 결과를 통증이 있는 환자에게 직접 적용하기는 어렵다고 생각하며 앞으로 환자를 대상으로한 연구가 수행되기를 기대한다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.442-448
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• 2014

Purpose: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of neuro-feedback training and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on stress, quantitative sensory threshold and pain in patients suffering from tension type headache. Methods: 22 participants who passed the preliminary evaluation were enrolled in the study and 11 participants were randomly assigned to each group. The control group (n=11) was subject to the TENS treatment of which was composed of a 20-minute session for 5 times a week during 4 weeks, and the experimental group (n=11) was subject to both neuro feedback training and TENS treatment for 10 minutes a day and 5 days a week during 4 weeks. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was used to measure a level of stress and the quantitative sensory testing (QST) was used for the measurement of cold pain threshold (CPT) and heat pain threshold (HPT); A degree of pain was evaluated through the headache impact test-6 (HIT-6). Results: In comparision of all dependent variables between the control and subject groups, there were significant differences in stress, quantitative sensory threshold and pain after the treatment (p<0.05), and the experimental group showed significant differences in stress, CPT, HPT and pain (p<0.05) and the control group showed only a significant difference in HPT (p<0.05). Conclusion: Findings of this study demonstrate that the concomitant administration of the TENS treatment and neuro feedback training is effective on alleviation of stress, quantitative sensory threshold and pain in patients with tension type headache.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2006

Purpose: This study conducted quantitative sensory test and nociceptive flexion reflex(NFR) measurement to examine degree of pain depending on polarity of high voltage pulsed current(HVPC) of hyperalgesia site in hyperalgesia rat by local thermal injury. mechanical pain threshold, thermal pain threshold and root mean square of NFR were measured. Methods: This study was conducted with control group I of hyperalgesia rat at hind paw by thermal injury and experimental groups divided into cathodal HVPC group II, anodal HVPC group III and alternate HVPC group IV. It measured pain threshold and root mean square(RMS) of NFR and obtained the following results. Results: Mechanical pain threshold of hyperalgeisa site was significantly increased at groups II, III and IV applying HVPC group compared to control group, but there was no difference among HVPC groups. Thermal pain threshold of hyperalgesia site showed a significant increase in group II. Group III showed significant difference after 4 days of hyperalgesia. RMS of NFR at hyperalgeisa site was significantly reduced in group II after 2 days of hyperalgesia. Group III showed significant decrease after 5 and 6 days of hyperalgesia. Conclusion: Consequently it was found that application of HVPC of hyperalgesia site increased pain threshold at hyperalgesia site by mechanical stimuli and thermal stimuli. NFR by electrical stimuli was similar to pain threshold by mechanical stimuli. Effects by polarity of HVPC showed the greatest reduction of hyperalgesia when cathodal electrode was used.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.48-60
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• 2018

The experiments were carried out during a total of nine sessions, that is, 3 sessions over 3 days. The CK levels decreased depending on the experiment session ($P{\leq}0.05$), but there was no significant difference ($P{\leq}0.05$) between the experimental group and the control group. Pressure threshold levels significantly decreased depending on the experiment session and the treatments had higher effects in the experimental group. VAS figures significantly decreased depending on the experiment session ($P{\leq}0.005$) and the treatments had higher effects in the experimental group. The results of this study verified the contention that applying vibration treatment immediately after inducing DOMS is more effective in terms of pressure pain threshold (PPT) and VAS, but not CK levels, than applying the treatment 24 hours after inducing DOMS. In addition, the experimental group showed a statistically significant difference compared to the control group. Therefore, it was concluded that applying vibration treatment immediately after inducing DOMS can be used as a DOMS treatment method.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.125-138
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• 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study was to apply suboccipital muscle inhibition combined with neck muscle stabilization exercise to 20~30s IT industry employees who suffer from chronic non-specific neck pain. Methods: This study was designed as single-blind and randomized controlled trial. The study participants were 20~30s IT industry employees with chonic non-specific neck pain (VAS 3/10) who were divided into an experimental group (n= 20) subjected to suboccipital muscle inhibition with neck muscle stabilization exercise, and control group (n= 20); suboccipital muscle inhibition only. The intervention was applied three times per week for eight weeks. The neck pain·pressure pain threshold·range of motion, and disability index were measured at the 1st, 8th, and 10th week at follow up, then analyzed with an analysis of variance(ANOVA) using the SPSS program. Results: The total number of study participants was 37 (experimental group 19, mean age 34.6±5.3, control group 18, mean age 35.7±4.9). The comparison and analysis of change in VAS, the pressure pain threshold, and the range of motion except the extension (p>.05) revealed a statistically significant decrease between groups over eight weeks and follow up measurement (p<.01). Regarding the within the group differences, the right side of the neck pressure pain threshold showed a statistically significant decrease over eight weeks in the control group (p<.01). The right and left lateral flexion, and the right and left rotation were statistically significant for the experimental group over eight weeks and follow up measurement, but only the left lateral flexion (p<.05) for the control group over eight weeks. The neck disability index showed a slight decrease but this was not satistically significant for the between-grop or the within-group differences (p>.05). Conclusion: The intervention of suboccipital muscle inhibition and a neck muscle stabilization exercise are more beneficial for neck pain and the range of motion than the application of suboccipital muscle inhibition alone.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.16-26
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• 2018

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between neuroticism, pain catastrophizing, and experimentally induced pain threshold and pain tolerance in a healthy adult sample from two regions of the country of Croatia: the island of Korcula and city of Split. Methods: A total of 1,322 participants were enrolled from the Island of Korcula (n = 824) and the city of Split (n = 498). Participants completed a self-reported personality measure Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and pain catastrophizing questionnaire Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), followed by a mechanical pain pressure threshold and tolerance test. We have explored the mediating role of catastrophizing in the relationship between neuroticism and pain intensity. Results: The results showed that pain catastrophizing partially mediated the relationship between neuroticism and pain intensity, suggesting the importance of pain catastrophizing in increasing vulnerability to pain. The results also indicated gender-related differences, marked by the higher pain threshold and tolerance in men. Conclusions: This study adds to the understanding of the complex interplay between personality and pain, by providing a better understanding of such mechanisms in healthy adults.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

Purpose : This study is to investigate the modulatory effects to the ultraviolet induced erythema of pain processing system. Methods : Thirty six healthy volunteers were divided into none treatment group (n=6), indomethacine group (n=6), subsensory level electrical stimulation group (n=6), sensory level electrical stimulation group (n=6), motor level electrical stimulation group (n=6), noxious level electrical stimulation group (n=6). Subjects were induced erythema for three times minimal erythema dose (MED) at upper arm of dermatome C6 level. Each experimental group had mechanical pain threshold (MPT), electrical pain threshold (EPT), thermal pain threshold (TPT). Results : This study revealed that we observed that pain thresholds were significantly correlated with each other in pain processing system. The effect of electrical stimulation levels evaluates were shown to be significant differences pain control effect in electrical stimulation group (sensory, motor level electrical stimulation groups) more than indomethacine group, subsensory level and control group. Conclusion : In this study, it was found that the effect of ultraviolet induced erythema of pain control by modulatory electrical stimulation.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect and $\beta-endorphin$ level as conventional transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) application on acupuncture paints. Twelve healthy adult male volunteers were participated in this study. The subjects were assigned to TENS group (n=6) and naloxone group (n=6). The LI 3 and M 10 meridian points of dominant arm were stimulated comfortably with 100 pps, $75{\mu}s$ conventional TENS for 30 minutes. Experimental pain threshold measurement and plasma $\beta-endorphin$ level were detected before and after conventional TENS application. Experimental pain threshold increased significantly (p<.01) but plasma $\beta-endorphin$ level was not change in TENS group. Experimental pain threshold increased significantly (p<.01) but plasma $\beta-endorphin$ level was not change in naloxone group. In this study, the conventional TENS induced analgesic effect, and plama $\beta-endorphin$ level was not increase concomitantly with analgesia. These results suggest that the $\beta-endorphin$ did not involved in conventional TENS analgesia.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.5-15
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of electroanalgeia and $\beta-endorphin$ action by acupuncture-like (Lof/Hil) transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) applied to acupuncture points. Twelve healthy adult male aged between 19 ann 25 were randomly assigned to TENS group (n=6) and naloxone group (n=6). Subjects of both groups were strongly stimulated TENS with 4 pps and $200{\mu}s$ for 30 minutes on the LI 3 and LI 10 meridian points of dominant am. Naloxone group was injected naloxone hydrochloride before TENS application. The experimental pain threshold was measured by chronaxie meter CX-2 on the distal end of radius just before and after TENS application. The levels of plasma $\beta-endorphin$ and ACTH. serum cortisol and urinary 17-OHCS were analyzed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) kits before and after TENS application. In TENS group, there was a significant increase of experimental pain threshold (p<0.01), plasma $\beta-endorphin$ level (p<0.05), serum cortisol level (p<0,001) and urinary 17-OHCS levels (p<0.05) after TENS application. The plasma ACTH level was not significantly increased, but it showed an increasing tendency. In naloxone group, although there was a decreasing trend, ACTH and cortisol level did not show a significant change, but $\beta-endorphin$ and 17-OHCS level were significantly decreased (p<0.01). The result of this study stewed that acupuncture-like TENS induced analgesic effect, such that the levels of plasma $\beta-endorphin$, plasma ACTH, serum cortisol and urinary 17-OHCS were concomitantly increased with experimental pain threshold. It is suggested that the analgesic mechanism of the acupuncture-like TENS probably related to endogenous opioid component such as $\beta-endorphin$.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.678-684
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• 2009

It was reported that Dipsaci Radix has decrease pain effect on the Complex Region Pain Syndrome(CRPS). the CRPS was induced by unilateral loose occlusion in 4 part of the sciatic nerve of the rats. For the fingding significantly change on CRPS rats were divided into 4 different experimental groups. and each groups were induced CRPS. Experimental group I (control group; n=15), experimental group II (100 mg/kg Dipsaci Radix dieted rats; n=15), experimental group III (300 mg/kg Dipsaci Radix dieted rats; n=15), and experimental group IV(500 mg/kg Dipsaci Radix dieted rats; n=15). The study of Dipsaci Radix concentration was that foot withdrawal threshold to the thermal stimuli(Hot plate test), foot withdrawal threshold to the mechanical stimuli(von Frey's filament) and immunohistochemistry staining that were substance P. Hot plate test and von Frey Filament were increase in experimental group II, III, IV than group I, especially group III was most significantly change than group II and IV in post-hoc(Duncan's multiple range). and In immunohistochemistry observation; group I showed increase in the group II, III, IV. especially group III had the minimal level of the substance P expression while the experimental group II, III. These results suggested that the Dipsaci Radix dieted made the decrease of pain in CRPS.