• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.219-231
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• 2007

The effects of intraduodenal administration of Clostridium perfringens type D whole culture in goats were evaluated to develop a reliable experimental model of enterotoxemia in this species and the eventual evaluation of treatment with different drug preparations was also carried out. A total of 28 conventionally reared healthy unvaccinated black bangle goat kids of 6-12 months of age were dosed intraduodenally with whole cultures of C peliringens type D. Four kids were used as controls and received sterile, nontoxic culture medium intraduodenally. All animals received starch solution into the abomasum. The clinical signs developed within 12 hours of post inoculation that were similar to those observed in naturally occurring cases. Among the clinical signs, diarrhea was most common (96.43%) followed by dyspnea (53.57%) and central nervous system (CNS) signs (25.0%). The most striking postmortem findings consisted of necrotizing pseudomembranous colitis (100.0%), lung edema (69.23%) and fluid filled intestines (61.53%). The protocol thus provided a reasonable model of naturally occurring enterotoxemia in goats, producing a range of clinical signs and postmortem changes similar to those observed in the natural disease. Beside this, treatment trial with different drug preparations showed penicillin combined with antitoxin was most effective (100.0%), followed by combination of oxytetracyclin with antitoxin, and combined preparation of antitoxin and sulfur drugs both showed 75% recovery rate. On the other hand, treatment with antitoxin, penicillin and oxytetracycline singly could protect goat enterotoxaemia only 25.0%, 50.0% and 50.0%, respectively. Thus in the present study, it eas observed that antisera in combination of antibiotics gave better recovery rate than the antitoxin or antibiotics alone.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.62-74
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• 1998

In feedlot cattle the abrupt change of diet from roughage to a large quantity of grain for the purpose to improve production often results in increased occurrence of rumen acidosis or acute carbohydrate encouragement enterotoxemia, bloats diarrhea liver abscess and laminitis or robot disease. The common management practice to control these problem is to increase the amount of concentrates in the diet in a stepwise manner until the animals are adapted to a high-grain ration. However this practice requires at least about 3 weeks adaptation period and specially prepared adaptation rations which contain various amount of concentrates. Present experiment was undertaken in order to findout the more simple and rapid adaptation method of cattle to a high grain ration. Nineteen Korean calves aging from four to six month were fed artifical hay (Youngchoun Chuk-Hyup, Korea) which contains 10% of concentrates or alfalfa and rye grass hays for two months and randomly alloted to three experimental groups and two control groups. The experimental group-1 was inoculated by stomach tube for two days with li500 ml/day of ruminal fluid fished from Korean beef cattle that had been previously adapted to a high-energy ration. The experimental group-2 was inoculated by trocalization for two days with the same ruminal fluid. The experimental group-3 was inoculated by trocalization with 1,500 ml/day of bacterial culture which contained 2$\times $10$^{9}$/m1 of Gram-negative bacteria derived from adapted luminal fluid. The two control groups were treated with normal saline solution by the same methods. All animals were fed high-energy ration that contained 80% of grain ad libitum for 30-74 days beginning on the third of the treatment. The effect of the inoculation on the adaptation was observed clinicopathologically with the following results; All of the experimental calves inoculated with the ruminal fluid or Gram-negative bacterial culture derived from adapted cattle did not show any signs of rumen acidosis or other related diseases, while most of the control calves did show diarrhea and bloat and a calf laminitis. The average daily weight gain and feed efficiency of experimental calves were slightly improved compared with control calves. Following the feeding of high-grain rational the pH of the ruminal fluid was lowered in both the experimental and control groups. However severe acidosis with the pH of below 5.0 was observed in only a control group-2. The protozoal number in ruminal fluid was markedly decreased during the high-grain feeding in both the experimental and control calves. However the decrease was mere severe in control calves compared with the experimental calves. The activation of the protozoa were completely disappeared within nine hours at the refrigerator temperature (4"C). No significant differences in heamatological and blood chemical values between the experimental and control calves were recognized. However in one control calf which showed clinically laminitis marked elevations of serum glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase activities and a decrease of serum glucose level were observed. From these results it would be concluded the intraruminal transplantation of unadapted calves with the adapted ruminal fluid from cattle previously adapted to a high-energy ration prevents disease problem associated with high-grain feeding and improve weight gain and feed efficiency.ency.