• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.95-102
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• 2012

We studied in order to find out suitable amounts of board by visual effects to establish indoor boards and human psychological effects by several board designs. Thirty students of C university were tested in constant temperature/humidity room and interviewed after tests. The experimental visual images were projected from 54' TV. As a result, the board length that showed high preference and satisfaction was the 90cm both horizontal and vertical direction. We found that vertical board gave an impression of a linear and narrow shape and the horizontal board gave wide space and cool feeling from psychological analytical study. The factors affecting satisfaction in horizontal direction were refreshing, intimacy, beauty, area, splendor and those in vertical direction were a sense of security, beauty, texture, intimacy, continuity, extensity, natural feeling. We got 5 factors from the result of factor analysis in order to get psychological factor axis. Those were pleasantness, artificiality, openness, dynamics, refinement. By multiple regression analysis, the factor pleasantness had the highest impact on visual satisfaction on scenary. The study on psychological factor difference by analysis of variance showed that psychologically feeling amount about pleasantness, artificiality, dynamics, refinement, and openness had statistically meaningful difference despite of board direction. We found that the 90cm had a tendency as a changing point leading image change by the investigative analysis of board direction based on factor points.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.21-29
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• 2012

This paper presents optimized searching technique to improve the performance of H.264/AVC. By using the proposed forward and backward searching algorithm, redundant cycles of latency for data reordering can be removed. Furthermore, in order to reduce the total number of execution cycles of CAVLC encoder, early termination mode and two stage pipelined architecture are proposed. The experimental result shows that the proposed architecture needs only 36.0 cycles on average for each $16{\times}16$ macroblock encoding. The proposed architecture improves the performance by 57.8% than that of previous designs. The proposed CAVLC encoder was implemented using Verilog HDL and synthesized with Magnachip $0.18{\mu}m$ standard cell library. The synthesis result shows that the gate count is about 17K with 125Mhz clock frequency.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2008

Purpose: To analyze characteristics and trend of articles published in Journal of East-West Nursing Research. Methods: The 133 articles published from 1997-2008 were reviewed using a structured form. The form included items on the topics, subjects, study designs, sample size calculation, ethical consideration, and research funds. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics. Results: Oriental studies accounted for 42.9% of the 133 articles. The subjects were general population (32.3%), chronically-ill patients (17.3%), and nurses (12%). The most common design was survey (57.2%). Of the 32 experimental studies, 65.6% were associated with oriental nursing intervention. Many studies (66.2%) collected data using questionnaire. However, only two articles reported sample size calculation and 15.8% were performed after receiving written consent from the study participants. About 7% were studies were conducted with acquired research funds. Conclusions: Journal of East-West Nursing Research has appropriately published the studies about both oriental and Western nursing. However, application of scientific and rigorous research methodologies needs to be emphasized.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.61-76
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• 2002

Mobile map services using PDA are prevailing because of the rapid developments of techniques of the internet and handhold devices recently. While the volume of spatial data is tremendous and the spatial operations are time-intensive, the PDA has small size memory and a low performance processor. Therefore, the spatial index for PDA should be small size and efficiently filter out the candidate objects of spatial operation as well. This paper proposes a spatial index far PDA called MHF(Multilevel Hashing File). The MHF has simple structure for storage efficiency and uses a hashing technique, which is direct search method, for search efficiency. This paper also designs a compression technique for MBR. which occupies almost 80% of index data in the two dimensional case. We call it HMBR. Although the HMBR technique reduces the MB\ulcorner size to almost a third, it shows good filtering efficiency because of no information loss by quantization in case of small objects that occupy a major portion. Our experimental tests show that the proposed MHF index using HMBR technique is appropriate for PDA in terms of the size of index, the Number of MBR comparisons, the filtering efficiency and the execution time of spatial operations.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.134-141
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• 2010

PURPOSE. The objective of this study was to evaluate fracture strength of collarless metal-ceramic FPDs according to their metal coping designs. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Four different facial margin design groups were investigated. Group A was a coping with a thin facial metal collar, group B was a collarless coping with its facial metal to the shoulder, group C was a collarless coping with its facial metal 1 mm short of the shoulder, and group D was a collarless coping with its facial metal 2 mm short of the shoulder. Fifteen 3-unit collarless metal-ceramic FPDs were fabricated in each group. Finished FPDs were cemented to PBT (Polybutylene terephthalate) dies with resin cement. The fracture strength test was carried out using universal testing machine (Instron 4465, Instron Co., Norwood MA, USA) at a cross head speed of 0.5 mm/min. Aluminum foil folded to about 1 mm of thickness was inserted between the plunger tip and the incisal edge of the pontic. Vertical load was applied until catastrophic porcelain fracture occurred. RESULTS. The greater the bulk of unsupported facial shoulder porcelain was, the lower the fracture strength became. However, there were no significant differences between experimental groups (P > .05). CONCLUSION. All groups of collarless metal-ceramic FPDs had higher fracture strength than maximum incisive biting force. Modified collarless metal-ceramic FPD can be an alternative to all-ceramic FPDs in clinical situations.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.3A
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• pp.227-234
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• 2011

Recently, a high strength concrete of more than 40 MPa has been increasingly used in practice. However, use of the high strength concrete may influence on design parameters, particularly stress distribution. This is very true since the current everyday practice employs equivalent rectangular stress distribution that is derived from normal strength concrete. Subsequently, the stress distribution seems to be reevaluated and then a new distribution with new parameters needs to be suggested for the high strength concrete. For this purpose, linear and multiple regression analyses have been carried out in term of using experimental data for the high strength concrete of 40 to 80 MPa available in literatures. Accordingly, new parameters associated with the stress distribution have been proposed and employed for the design of flexural and compressive members. Comparative design examples indicate that designs with new parameters reduce section dimensions compared to those with the current code parameters for concrete strengths of 40 to 70 MPa. In particular, for compressive members, design with new parameters exhibit conservative compressive force compared to those with the current code parameters.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.274-274
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• 1996

This presents the preliminary results from work in progress of a paired study of the acquisition of voiceless stops by Spanish speakers learning English, and American English speakers learning Spanish. For this study the hypothesis was that the American speakers would have no difficulty suppressing the aspiration in Spanish unaspirated stops; the Spanish speakers would have difficulty acquiring the aspiration necessary for English voiceless stops, according to Eckman's Markedness Differential Hypothesis. The null hypothesis was proved. All subjects were given the same set of disyllabic real words of English and Spanish in carrier phrases. The tokens analyzed in this report are limited to word-initial voiceless stops, followed by a low back vowel in stressed syllables. Tokens were randomized and then arranged in a list with the words appearing three separate times. Aspiration was measured from the burst to the onset of voicing(VOT). Both the first language (Ll) tokens and second language (L2) tokens were compared for each speaker and between the two groups of language speakers. Results indicate that the Spanish speakers, as a group, were able to reach the accepted target language VOT of English, but English speakers were not able to reach the accepted range for Spanish, in spite of statistically significant changes of p<.OOl by speakers in both groups of learners. A closer analysis of the speech samples revealed wide variability within the speech of native speakers of English. Not only is variability in English due to the wide range of VOT (120 msecs. for English labials, for example) but individual speakers showed different patterns. These results are revealing for the demands requied in experimental designs and the number of speakers and tokens requied for an adequate description of different languages. In addition, a simple report of means will not distinguish the speakers and the respective language learning situation; measurements must also include the RANGE of acceptability of VOT for phonetic segments. This has immediate consequences for the learning and teaching of foreign languages involving aspirated stops. In addition, the labelling of spoken language in speech technology is shown to be inadequate without a fuller mathematical description.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.103-109
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• 1996

The cover liners at municipal and hazardous waste landfill is not emphasized as much as the bottom liners. However, one of the most effective reason of landfill destroy is the cover liner failure. The cover system at municipal and hazardous waste landfill, 1 perform the following functions, at minimum: promote surface runoff, impede infiltration, protect settlement in the landfill, and provide a buffer from surface exposure of the waste. This research was to expand the existing knowledge base of landfill cover liner behavior during period of freeze/thaw Also, the great Lysimeter was built in the laboratory to provide as much as same condition with the field and three designs were simulated by actual cover materials. The result of simulation indicated the clay was effected by freezing/thawing. The degradation of cover liners in the frost penetration affects the physical, engineering properties of clay. these factors may consider to design and construct of the landfill. This paper provides the description of testing cover liners, experimental results and a discussion of the results of the simulation.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.64-69
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• 2007

This paper designs an interpolator for a high speed ultra wide bandwidth (UWB). The UWB wireless technology will play a key role in short-range wireless connectivity supporting very high bit rates availability, low power consumption, and location capabilities. Because the UWB needs high operating speed, a cubic interpolator based on variable parameters for the UWB needs to be operated at a high speed. In order to improve an operating speed, the modified cubic interpolator is based on both a parallel processing and a pipelining in the existing interpolator simultaneously. Experimental results show that a maximum operating speed and period of the proposed interpolator using Stratix II EP2S60F1020C3 is 102.42MHz and 9.764ns, respectively. Compared to the conventional interpolator, the designed cubic parameter interpolator has been improved more than about 190%.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.966-977
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• 2015

This paper presents a novel modified coaxial cavity resonator and its application to bandpass filters with compact size and improved quality factor(Q-factor). The proposed resonator is made up of ${\Gamma}-shape$ or curved four inner conductive posts within a single cavity, which provides quadruplet to realize bandpass filter. No metallic walls inside the cavity are required, and thus the utilization efficiency of the cavity space is improved. As a result, the unloaded Q can be approximately 15 % higher in comparison to the conventional coaxial resonator, or more than 35 % volume saving can be achieved while maintaining the similar Q-factor value with the conventional designs. In addition, due to the multiple cross-coupling occurring within the cavity, including the source-to-load coupling, four flexible transmission zeros can be created to realize different filtering functions. Simulations as well as experimental results of four- and eight-pole filters are presented to validate this attractive design concept. Good agreement between measured and computed results is obtained.