• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 2023

Korea Augmentation Satellite System (KASS) is a satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) that provides approach procedure with vertical guidance-I (APV-I) level corrections and integrity information to Korea territory. KASS is used to monitor navigation performance in real-time, and this paper introduces the design, implementation, and verification process of mission monitoring (MIMO) in KASS. MIMO was developed in compliance with the Minimum Operational Performance Standards of the Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics for Global Positioning System (GPS)/SBAS airborne equipment. In this study, the MIMO system was verified by comparing and analyzing the outputs of reference tools. Additionally, the definition and derivation method of accuracy, integrity, continuity, and availability subject to MIMO were examined. The internal and external interfaces and functions were then designed and implemented. The GPS data pre-processing was minimized during the implementation to evaluate the navigation performance experienced by general users. Subsequently, tests and verification methods were used to compare the obtained results based on reference tools. The test was performed using the KASS dataset, which included GPS and SBAS observations. The decoding performance of the developed MIMO was identical to that of the reference tools. Additionally, the navigation performance was verified by confirming the similarity in trends. As MIMO is a component of KASS used for real-time monitoring of the navigation performance of SBAS, the KASS operator can identify whether an abnormality exists in the navigation performance in real-time. Moreover, the preliminary identification of the abnormal point during the post-processing of data can improve operational efficiency.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.457-463
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• 2014

Ultrasound measurements of backfat thickness (UBF), longissimus muscle area (ULMA) and marbling score (UMS) and carcass measurements of carcass weight (CW), backfat thickness (BF), longissimus muscle area (LMA), and marbling score (MS) on 7,044 Hanwoo steers were analyzed to estimate genetic parameters. Data from Hanwoo steers that were raised, finished in Hoengseong-gun, Gangwon-do (province) and shipped to slaughter houses during the period from October 2010 to April 2013 were evaluated. Ultrasound measurements were taken at approximately three months before slaughter by an experienced operator using a B-mode real-time ultrasound device (HS-2000, FHK Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) with a 3.5 MHz linear probe. Ultrasound scanning was on the left side between 13th rib and the first lumbar vertebrae. All slaughtering processes and carcass evaluations were performed in accordance with the guidelines of beef grading system of Korea. To estimate genetic parameters, multiple trait animal models were applied. Fixed effects included in the models were: the effects of farm, contemporary group effects (year-season at the time of ultrasound scanning in the models for UBF, ULMA, and UMS, and year-season at slaughter in the models for CW, BF, LMA, and MS), the effects of ultrasound technicians as class variables and the effects of the age in days at ultrasound scanning or at slaughtering as linear covariates, respectively for ultrasound and carcass measures. Heritability estimates obtained from our analyses were 0.37 for UBF, 0.13 for ULMA, 0.27 for UMS, 0.44 for CW, 0.33 for BF, 0.36 for LMA and 0.54 MS, respectively. Genetic correlations were strongly positive between corresponding traits of ultrasound and carcass measures. Genetic correlation coefficient between UBF and BF estimate was 0.938, between ULMA and LMA was 0.767 and between UMS and MS was 0.925. These results suggest that ultrasound measurement traits are genetically similar to carcass measurement traits.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.591-597
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• 1998

Background: The aim of the current study was to analyze the early and intermediate-term performance of aortic valve replacement. Material and Method: Between January 1986 and January 1996, records of 61 consecutive patients who had received aortic valve replacement were reviewed. 38 were male and 23 were female patients, ranging from 10 to 71 years of age(mean: 40.5${\pm}$11.2). Results: The early death rate was 4.9%(3/61). A thorough follow-up rate of 93.1% was accomplished in these 58 patients who left the hospital(mean: 51.5${\pm}$32.0 patient-months) under the assistance of the same operator. Three of these patients who left the hospital died. The late death rate was 5.2%(3/58). Five patients experienced anticoagulant-related hemorrhage(all were minor). Three patients had thromboembolic episodes. There was no clinical evidence of hemolysis and structural failure of valves used. Of those patients who survived, the NYHA functional class improved significantly. Linearized rate were 1.58%/patient-year and 2.0%/patient-year respectively for thromboembolism and anticoagulant-related hemorrhage. The 10 year actuarial survival rate was 83.6%. Conclusion: This early and intermediate-term follow-up suggests that the mechanical valve is a reliable and durable prosthesis with good hemodynamic function and low rate of prosthesis-related complication.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.611-614
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• 2008

Purpose: Infection, foreign body reaction and decreased volume of implant are common complications after augmentation rhinoplasty with $Gore-tex^{(R)}$ implant. The author experienced two cases of recurrent foreign body granuloma in the patients who underwent $Gore-tex^{(R)}$ removal because of infection after augmentation rhinoplasty. and treated them with complete removal of$Gore-tex^{(R)}$. Methods: Case 1: A 49 year-old female visited our clinic for recurrent foreign body reaction on nasal dorsum and tip area. The patient underwent augmentation rhinoplasty with $Gore-tex^{(R)}$ 3 years ago and implant was removed due to infection 9 months ago. Excision of the granuloma was performed and a piece of foreign body suspicious to be a $Gore-tex^{(R)}$ implant debris was detected under the subcutaneous pocket. The implant fragments were removed and nasalis muscle rotation flap was performed to cover the lesion. The specimen was proved to be $Gore-tex^{(R)}$ in histological study. Case 2: A 31 year-old-male with recurrent foreign body granuloma on the nasal tip area visited our clinic. 10 years ago, the patient had augmentation rhinoplasty with silicone implant and then, he underwent revisional rhinoplasty five times including nasal implant removal, which was performed 9 months ago. The authors excised the granuloma and found a small sized foreign body suspicious to be a $Gore-tex^{(R)}$ implant debris under the granuloma. The foreign body was excised and identified to be $Gore-tex^{(R)}$ in histological study. Results: In both cases, the lesions were healed without any complications and there were no evidences of recurrence up to 6 months of follow-up. Conclusion: The $Gore-tex^{(R)}$ is known to be weak against mechanical force. These properties of $Gore-tex^{(R)}$ make it difficult to remove the implant completely. In the patient who have infection after augmentation rhinoplasty with $Gore-tex^{(R)}$, the operator should take care to perform the complete removal without remaining fragment of the implant.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.67-71
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• 2011

We evaluated the overall setup accuracy for the On-Board Imager (OBI, Varian Medical Systems Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA), with attention to the laser, the gantry, and operator performance. We let experienced technicians place the marker block on the couch using a lock bar system, with alignment to the isocenter of the laser, every morning. A pair of radiographic images of the marker block was acquired at $0^{\circ}$ and $270^{\circ}$ angles to the kV arm to correct the position using a 2D/2D matching technique. Once the desired match was achieved, the couch was moved remotely to correct the setup error and the parameters were saved. The average for the vertical and the longitudinal displacements were 0.65 mm and 0.66 mm, and 0.01 mm for the lateral displacement. The average for the vertical and longitudinal displacements were statistically significant at the 0.05 level (p value=0.000 for both), while the p value for the lateral direction was 0.829. These results show that the tendencies to displacement in vertical and longitudinal directions occur through systematic error, while systematic error was not found in the lateral displacement. This daily overall evaluation is practical and easy to find the systematic and random errors in the setup system; however, a daily QA for laser and OBI alignment is still needed to minimize the systematic error in aligning patients.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.403-409
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between caries experience, Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence-Digital (QLF-D) redings and new caries activity test (Cariview) results in preschool children. Fifty-seven healthy kindergarten children (male 28, female 29) were participated this study. The calibrated dentist investigated the caries experience of children and new caries activity test. Cariview samples were incubated in the activated medium at $37^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours. All QLF-D taking and readings were performed by one experienced and trained operator under identical conditions in a dental unit chair located in a darkened room. Analysis range was limited to the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth. QLF-D redings (white spot and dental plaque) were analysed using QLF system. The dft index had a relatively high correlation with the QLF-D redings (white spot: r=0.617, simple plaque score: r=0.500) (p<0.01). Also, there was significant correlation between dft index and the Cariview score (r=0.286) (p<0.05). However, the Cariview score had no significant correlation between dt index and ft index (p>0.05). QLF-D can be evaluated objectively the initial caries lesions and dental plaque correlated with caries experience. Therefore, QLF-D will be useful to the study of caries prediction.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.61 no.6
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• pp.723-730
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• 2018

Objective : The aim of the present study was to identify whether the deformity angular ratio (DAR) influences the occurrence of complications after posterior vertebral column resection (PVCR) and to establish the DAR cut-off value. Methods : Thirty-six consecutive patients undergoing PVCR from December 2010 to October 2016 were reviewed. The relationships between the total, sagittal, and coronal DAR and complications were assessed using receiver operator characteristics curves. The patients were divided into two groups according to a reference value based on the cut-off value of DAR. Demographic, surgical, radiological, and clinical outcomes were compared between the groups. Results : There were no significant differences in the patient demographic and surgical data between the groups. The cut-off values for the total DAR (T-DAR) and the sagittal DAR (S-DAR) were 20.2 and 16.4, respectively (p=0.018 and 0.010). Both values were significantly associated with complications (p=0.016 and 0.005). In the higher T-DAR group, total complications (12 vs. 21, p=0.042) and late-onset complications (3 vs. 9, p=0.036) were significantly correlated with the T-DAR. The number of patients experiencing complications (9 vs. 11, p=0.029) and the total number of complications (13 vs. 20, p=0.015) were significantly correlated with the S-DAR. Worsening intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring was more frequent in the higher T-DAR group (2 vs. 4) than in the higher S-DAR group (3 vs. 3). There was no difference in neurological deterioration between the groups after surgery. Conclusion : Both the T-DAR and the S-DAR are risk factors for complications after PVCR. Those who had a T-DAR >20.2 or S-DAR >16.4 experienced a higher rate of complications after PVCR.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.47-56
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• 2019

This study conducted in-depth interviews with employees who worked at three different travel agencies in Seoul and had different employment years. In order to resolve emotional labor, we investigated and analyzed the positive effects of forest healing programs and tried to help both travel agents and forest healing operators. According to the analysis, the person who was selected for the H travel agency was interviewed at the forest healing experience center in Gapyeong in April 2018 and her job as an operator for the fifth year since she joined the company. He said that he suffered from depression due to emotional labor in the customer service process and that it has a positive effect through forest healing. Next, M travel agents conducted an interview in May 2018 at the forest experience center in Uiwang, and their job as a woman was product planning. In the case of emotional labor and physical illness in the work with customers, participants were interested in forest stability, people's humanity, and wooden crafts in particular. Lastly, participants of R travel agency conducted an interview at the forest experience center in Seoul in June 2018 and it was their 10th year as a man and their job as a tour contact. In order to solve the difficulties, I experienced forest experience in close geographical areas and received great help.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 2011

Objective : Korean Version of Beck-II Depression Inventory to verify the reliability and validity of the proposed standards are practical and standardized, cut-off score by establishing a baseline indicating the presence of depression and depression On in the evaluation was to evaluate the clinical usefulness. Methods : 739 patients with major depression using the SCID and normal controls were 302 study subjects. Of patients with clinically significant medical condition, or psychotic disorders, organic mental disorder, epilepsy or seizure disorder, eating disorders are associated with patients taking anti-convulsants experienced in the past, patients were excluded from the study. Results : The main findings of this study were as follows. First, with respect to the KBDI-II items, the correlation between them ranged from 0.51 to 0.74, and was 0.60 over all questions. Further, the overall correlation of the KBDI-II plates showing confidence 'normal' than it was verified that. Second, the BDIII was used in each group to examine internal consistency and thus, whether Cronbach's alpha values were greater than 0.94. Third, the principal component analysis sought to extract factors in a way consistent with the results inspected last 3 factors were extracted and the total variance explained was 47.3%. Fourth, the Cutting calculated the score on the KBDI-II for ROC (Receiver operator characteristic) analysis yielding 18 dot, with the highest sensitivity and specificity was seen. Conclusion : Based on the results of this Study, the KBDI-II cut-off point should be valid as prescribed in 18 is considered.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.530-541
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• 2007

Currently, various Nickel-Titanium rotary files are used in endodontic treatment, but there is no one perfect system that can be applied to any clinical situation. Therefore, the combined uses of various file systems which can emphasize the advantages of each system are introduced as hybrid instrumentation. The ProTaper system is efficient in body shaping and apical pre-enlargement but is reported to have more possibility of transportation and produce more aberrations and deformation in more or less severe curved canals. Recently, new ProTaper system(ProTaper Universal) with different configuration and cross-sectional design to overcome the week points of ProTaper have been marketed. The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate the shaping abilities of ProTaper, ProTaper Universal system, and two hybrid methods using S-series of ProTaper Universal and Hero Shaper or ProFile. The time lapses for instrumentation were measured and the used files were inspected for distortion. The pre- and post-instrumented root canals were scanned and superimposed to evaluate the aberrations and reduction of root canal curvature and change of radius of canal curvature. The increased canal width and apical centering ratio were calculated at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mm levels from apical foramen. Under the conditions of this study, the ProTaper Universal seems to have better shaping ability than ProTaper in terms of instrumented width and instrumentation time. It may be suggested that the ProTaper Universal system is efficient as much as hybrid instrumentation using ProTaper and other constant-tapered NiTi file systems in highly experienced operators.