• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.501-539
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• 2016

The human mind is a self-evolving system that develops along a multidimensional hierarchical pathway in response to traumatic stimulus. In absence of trauma, a mind integrated in conflict-free state is called monistic. When the monistic mind responses to a traumatic stimulus, a response polarity forms toward stimulus polarity within the mind, turning it into a bipartite structure. Dialectical interaction between the two opposites, originating from their incompatibility, creates a new third polarity in the upper dimension. Thereby, the mind turns into a trinity structure. When the interaction among the three polarities becomes optimized, the plasticity of the mind gets maximized into the "far-from-equilibrium state," and the function of three polarities is synchronized. Through this recalibration, the mind returns back to its monistic structure. If the mind with the recurred monistic structure responds to another traumatic stimulus, this cycle of hierarchical transformation repeats itself in this cyclical and fractal growth process through synchronization of basic trinity system. Applying this concept to the process of post-traumatic growth (PTG), this paper explores how the mind transforms traumatic experiences into PTG and proposes a 'PTG Clock' that shows a fundamental sequence in the development of the human mind. The PTG Clock consists of seven hierarchical phases, and each of the first six phases has two opposite sub-phases: shocked/numbed, feared/intrusive, paranoid/avoidant, obsessional/explosive, dependent/depressive, and meaningless/searching for meaning. The seventh, the synchronization phase, completes one cycle of the mind's transformation, realizing a grand trinity system, where the mind synchronizes its biological, social, and existential dimensions. At that point, the mind becomes more susceptible to not only the stimulus of its own traumatic experience but also the pain of others. Thereby, the PTG Clock sets out on a journey to another cycle of transformation in higher dimensions. The validity of this transformational process for the PTG Clock will be examined by comparing it to Horowitz's theory of stress response syndrome.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.124-141
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• 2011

The domestic food culture in Korea has gone through great changes, among which dining out is considered most prominent. These changes are caused by a number of factors: development of several related industries, increase in dining out chances, diversification of consumer needs, change in consumption awareness and quality, increase in disposable income, women's advance into the society, etc. Under these circumstances, the fast food industry has been experiencing slow growth, whereas family restaurants and take out coffee franchises are consistently increasing the number of restaurants and shops as a part of aggressive management to increase sales. This study aims, first, to examine the effects of consumer's brand individuality and satisfaction on brand trust, brand emotion, brand identification, and brand loyalty of specialty coffee shops. Subsequently, this study observes how consumer's brand individuality and satisfaction affect the formation of brand trust, brand emotion, brand identification, and brand loyalty in accordance with preferred type of specialty coffee shops, frequency of experience, and life style in order to establish relevant strategies. The results of this study are as follows. First, brand individuality had a positive effect on customer satisfaction. Second, customer satisfaction had a positive effect on brand trust. Third, customer satisfaction had a positive effect on brand loyalty. Fourth, customer satisfaction had a positive effect on brand emotion. Fifth, brand trust had a positive effect on brand loyalty. Sixth, brand emotion had a positive effect on brand loyalty. These results have the following implications. First, the dimensions of brand individuality are presented as a means to form brand loyalty, thereby demonstrating the significance of the effect. Accordingly, developing a proper brand individuality in forming brand loyalty is imperative. Second, consumers using specialty coffee shops had the greatest effect on the relation between dimensions of brand individuality and customer satisfaction in this study, while the interrelation between customer satisfaction and brand loyalty was not concretely supported in the preceding studies.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.279-291
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• 2018

This study is designed to demonstrate risk factors of unmet medical care for people with cerebrovascular disease. To do this, statistical analysis was performed by using hierarchical logistic regression analysis with SPSS/WIN24.0 program using Korean Medical Panel data in 2014. In the final model of the hierarchical logistic regression analysis, which is based on Anderson's Model, adjusted for the factors of the predisposing and enabling factors, the explanatory variables affecting the unmet medical development are gender, economic activity, income level, the experience of lying in a sickbed, restriction on activity, subjective health condition, and the number of chronic diseases. Based on the results of this study, the practical and policy implications for the effective management and treatment of cerebrovascular disease should be included in the countermeasures for cerebrovascular disease, a strategy to reduce the unmet medical incidence of cerebrovascular disease, in order to meet the medical needs, the necessity of comprehensive measures considering various dimensions of variables and the influential variables of unmet medical emergence have been suggested for the necessity of making a detailed service manual that can improve accessibility to medical services.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.348-355
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• 2006

Tennison was the first to recognize and to preserve the Cupid's bow by lowering the peak in the margin of the cleft. Randall had modified the Tennison's repair based on accurate measurements. Bardach's technique evolved from the basic concept of triangular flap cleft lip repair described by Tennison-Randall method. Precise measurements are used to define the dimensions of the equilateral triangular flap, which is created on the cleft side and is inserted into an equilateral triangular defect on the noncleft side. Two symmetrical vertical distances on either side of the cleft are thus formed. It is essential that the incisions in the skin correspond precisely with those on the muscles and mucosa, and that all layers are sutured with the use of the triangular flap, thus preventing vertical scar contracture. This procedure produces a symmetric, balance lip with a well-defined Cupid's bow, a symmetric vermilion, and a properly aligned orbicularis oris muscle. We had treated three patients with unilateral incomplete cleft lip by using Bardach's triangular flap method. The operation scars could be reduced comparing to Millard method because Bardach's method did not use the columella base and the alar base incision. And the flap design was more simple and accurate comparing to Tennison-Randall method. On the other hand, the postoperative scars on the philtrum pointed as a disadvantage of triangular flap method were cosmetically acceptable because the three patients had incomplete cleft lip. We have experienced that Bardach's triangular flap is a recommendable technique for the repair of unilateral incomplete cleft lip.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.369-380
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate middle students' conceptions of buoyancy. The questionnaires composed of 9 items which asked the reasons for situations with buoyancy; recognized of buoyancy, the facts affecting buoyancy(bottom of the Area of the object, the shape of the object, the depth of the object in the water, amount of water, the degree of the object submerged in the water, volume of the object, weigh of the object), the relationship between the amount of replaced fluid and buoyancy. The subjects were 140 students from the Busan Area who answered questionnaires composed of 9 items which asked the reasons for situations with buoyancy. Among the 140, 132 students were selected who answered all of question in the test. The students' answer types were follow: 1. Related to the shape of the submerged object, students answered that buoynacy depended on the bottom dimensions or the surface area of the object. 2. Students confused press, water press and buoyancy, who answered buoyancy was great when the water press was great. 3. Students answered that the weight and the size of the buoyancy of the object was same in the water. 4. Students answered, gravity was smaller in the water. Students recognized the existence of buoyancy but the reason of the answer depend on their experience. Also students answered using the words that water pressure, pressure, force instead of buoyancy. Students didn't understand the factors affecting the buoyancy. Many students responded that buoyancy was changed depend on weight of object, sinking depth, shape and others. It was considered that these responses didn't understand the cause of buoyancy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2004

It will be a real good news fer the people who were lost their hometown by the construction of a large dam to be restored to the farmer state. Focused on Cheung-pyung around where most part were submerged by the Chungju large Dam founded in eurly 1980s, It used remote sensing image restoration Technique in this study in order to restore topographical features before the flood with stereo effects. We gathered comparatively good satellite photos and remotely sensed digital images, then its made a new fusion image from these various satellite images and the topographical map which had been made before the water filled by the DAM. This task was putting together two kinds of different timed images. And then, we generated DEM including the outskirts of that area as matching current contour lines with the map. That could be a perfect 3D image of test areas around before when it had been water filled by making perspective images from all directions included north, south, east and west, fer showing there in 3 dimensions. Also, for close range visiting made of flying simulation can bring to experience their real space at that time. As a result of this experimental task, it made of new fusion images and 3-D perspective images and simulation live images by remotely sensed photos and images, old paper maps about vanished submerged Dam areas and gained of possibility 3-D terrain image restoration about submerged area by large Dam construction.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.172-178
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• 2016

Background: This study was designed to assess serum vitamin D status (25-OHD) in the fibromyalgia (FM) patients and to compare it with a healthy control group. It also aimed to investigate the correlation of serum vitamin D level with FM symptom severity and invalidation experiences. Methods: A total of 74 consecutive patients with FM and 68 healthy control participants were enrolled. The eligible FM patients completed the Illness Invalidation Inventory (3*I), the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR) and a short-form health survey (SF-12). Venous blood samples were drawn from all participants to evaluate serum 25-OHD levels. Mann-Whitney tests and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed and Spearman's correlations were calculated. Results: 88.4% of FM patients had low levels of serum 25-OHD. FM patients had significantly higher level of serum 25-OHD than the control group ($17.24{\pm}13.50$ and $9.91{\pm}6.47$ respectively, P = 0.0001). There were no significant correlations between serum 25-OHD levels and the clinical measures of disease impact, invalidation dimensions, and health status. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that an increased discounting of the disease by the patient's spouse was associated with a 4-fold increased risk for vitamin D deficiency (OR = 4.36; 95% CI, 0.95-19.87, P = 0.05). Conclusions: This study showed that although high rates of vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency were seen among FM patients and healthy non-FM participants, but it seems there was no intrinsic association between FM and vitamin D deficiency. Addressing of invalidation experience especially by the patient's spouse is important in management of FM.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1105-1113
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• 2012

This study aimed at adult learners attended in a Junior college's Bachelor's degree course who experience job-related, relationship-related dimensions in the work life which affect the intention to skill development identified a mechanism that affects an person-job fit, person-supervisor fit relationship between conformity and intention to skill-development in the job satisfaction of the effects of the parameters was assessed. Results of this study validate the hypothesis First, person-job fit, person-supervisor fit job satisfaction the suitability appeared to affect significantly Second, job satisfaction continues to assist in the intention to skill development also appeared to influence. Third, job satisfaction fully mediated the suitability of the intention to skill development even appeared to affect the person-supervisor fit also fully mediated by job satisfaction continues to assist in the skill development affect showed that effect. This study of adult learners in skill-development activities, ranging from environmental factors, identify the cause of that new attempts in terms of theoretical implications with and the company's human resource management perspective and practical implications in terms of adult education and discuss the limitations of the study was.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.567-575
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• 2001

In order to consider statistical properties of probability variables used in the structural analysis the conventional approach using the safety factor based on past experience usually estimated the safety of a structure Also the real structures could only be analyzed with the error in estimation of loads material characters and the dimensions of the members. But the errors should be considered systematically in the structural analysis Safety of structure could not precisely be appraised by the traditional structural design concept Recently new aproach based on the probability concept has been applied to the assessment of structural safety using the reliability concept Thus the computer program by the Probabilitstic FEM is developed by incorporating the probabilistic concept into the conventional FEM method. This paper estimated for the reliability of a plane stress structure by Advanced First-Order Second Moment method using von Mises, Tresca and Mohr-Coulomb failure criterions. Verification of the reliability index and failure probability of attained by the Monte Carlo Simulation method with the von Mises criterion were same as PFEM, but the Monte Carlo Simulation were very time-consuming. The variance of member thickness and load could influence the reliability and failure probability most sensitively among the design variables from the results of the parameter analysis. The proper failure criterion according to characteristic of materials must be used for safe design.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.37-50
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to identify the gap between need-level and demonstration-level in nursing managerial competencies. In addition, the study proposes solutions to narrow this gap. The results of this study are as follows : 1) The mean score for need-level of each item was 4.0, and for demonstration-level, 3.5. This indicates that military hospital head nurses demonstrate a higher level of managerial competencies than the moderate level on all items. But items which were related to resource/ cost/ information managament, staff development management and professionalism management got relatively low ratings in the need-level. 2) The mean score for need-level of each category was 4.14, and for demonstration-level, 3.53. Categories on the individual dimension got a higher rating than categories on the group or organization dimension in both need-level and demonstration level. 3) The gap between need-level and demonstration-level appeared in all items(p<.05) and categories(p<.001). Although the gap was relatively low, it indicates that it is essential to plan a developmemt program for all nursing management competencies for military hospital head nurses. 4) There were significant differences in the gap between need-level and demonstration-level according to specific characteristics of the subjects. The gap did not appear in many categories on the individual dimension where the number of nursing staff was more than 10, a major grade, ICU head nurse or for head nurses having a long career. 5) Need-level and demonstration-level showed a difference according to specific characteristics of the subjects, because need-level and demonstration-level were higher where the number of nursing staff was more than 10, a major grade, and for ICU or Medical ward head nurses. The categories which showed need-level difference and demonstration-level differences according to specific characteristics of the subjects existed almostly completely in the group and organization dimension. Gap-level differences according to the number of hospital bed existed in only two categories. 6) The general causes of the gap were indicated to be 'Knowledge/ skill/ experience deficit', 'Limitation of rules and systems/ Inappropriate organizational environment' for most items, categories, and dimensions. The results of this study indicate that extensive competency developing strategies must be developed, because a gap was found in all items and categories. Specially, there is a need to concentrate attention on competencies in the group and organizational dimension which had a wider gap level. And it is important to take an individual approach according to the cause for each gap. In order to produce effective competency developing strategies, top managers must have sinsights into the importance of nursing staff development and nursing officer's efforts to develop themselves must be achieved. Further multi-dimensional(education, personnel-policy, nursing/ organizational environment) solutions to the gap must be developed and utilized.