• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.225-234
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a tool that measures the quality of nursing service, to measure the quality of nursing service perceived by consumers, and to identify the gaps between ideal and actual nursing services. Method: A questionnaire was developed and distributed to 300 people who had been hospitalized in one of six general hospitals with quality of nursing services in five provincial cities in Korea. For data analysis, the SPSS/WIN(ver 10.0) program was used. Result: The 20 attributes included in the instrument of quality of nursing service is abstracted into 2 factors: tangibility and intangibility. In quality analysis, 15 of 20 attributes are minus scores, meaning that those nursing services are perceived as generally low. However among the minus scores' attributes, only two attributes are significant statistically. Gaps between importance and performance of the nursing service exists in 19 among 20 attributes. Conclusion: Nursing service quality (performance-expectation) needs to be improved, and Gaps (importance-performance) reduced. In addition, a tool measuring nursing service quality has to be developed so nurses can deal successfully with the quality and gaps of nursing service perceived by consumers.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-22
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• 2002

Since the early 1980s scholars have applied latent structure and other type of finite mixture models from various academic fields. Although the merits of finite mixture model are well documented, the attempt to apply the mixture model to medical service has been relatively rare. The researchers aim to try to fill this gap by introducing finite mixture model and segmenting inpatients DB from one general hospital. In section 2 finite mixture models are compared with clustering, chi-square analysis, and discriminant analysis based on Wedel and Kamakura(2000)'s segmentation methodology schemata. The mixture model shows the optimal segments number and fuzzy classification for each observation by EM(expectation-maximization algorism). The finite mixture model is to unfix the sample, to Identify the groups, and to estimate the parameters of the density function underlying the observed data within each group. In section 3 and 4 we illustrate results of segmenting 4510 patients data including menial and ratio scales. And then, we show AHP can be identify the attractiveness of each segment, in which the decision maker can select the best target segment.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.155-168
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• 2000

The SERVQUAL scale is based on the gap theory, which indicates the difference between consumers' expectations and their actual performance. In SERVQUAL scale, the expectations are defined as a "feasible ideal point"(ex, An Excellent hospital has up-to-date equipment). But empirical research identified important problems concerning the conceptual definitions of expectations. They suggests the usage of "desired expectations". Desired expectations are defined as the level at which the consumer predict the service that the organization they visited will perform(ex, $\bigcirc\bigcirc$ hospital has up-to-date equipment). The purpose of this study was to compare the feasible ideal point expectations with desired expectations in assessment of consumer expectations using SERVQUAL scale. We developed two types of questionnaires : (1) to measure feasible ideal point expectations, (2) to measure desired expections. Questionnaire were distributed to ambulatory patients who used the medical service. Total 329 patients participated the hosiptal satisfaction questionnaire(167 for feasible ideal point expectations, 162 for desired expectations). The major finding is as follows: (1) the SERVQUAL scale which was computed by the feasible ideal point showed the higher explanatory power in consumer satisfaction ($R^2$=0.26) than the other identified alternatives(desired expectation, $R^2$=0.11) The results of a study suggests that the feasible ideal point were more conceptually suitable to assess of consumer satisfaction using SERVQUAL scale.SERVQUAL scale.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.13 no.21
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• pp.7-10
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• 1990

In the modern society where information system based on the computer in organization have been developed over again. A decision support system is one of the most popular topics. The computer have been discussed in relation to management strategy between enterprisers and researchers so far, but the accumulation of data resource and communication foundation have not been attended in actuality. The organic connection between business and information technique have been less progressed than our expectation. At this point of time. such a technical restrution getting removed, We have closed a gap between management strategy and computer. Now we are taking a growing interest in computer use for supporting proceedings decision, a lot of strategic marketing decision is wifely used in such a case, and the technical development is comming to advanced. In this study, I Investigate such a new tendency as strategic program and proceedings decision system. I will especially focus my study on a strategic program and a budget control corporation, so to speak, on strategic budget management system. Concretely the purpose of this study is to investigate what functions the proceedings decision support system requires in order to deal with the problem of strategic level and to practically establish the system with the use of DSS GENERATOR/ARISTOTLE in my laboratory.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.102-116
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• 2008

In their teaching practice, teachers encounter multi-dimensions of pedagogical challenges. The recognition and reflection on these challenges is crucial to advance our science teaching. This study looked into science teachers' dilemmas of their teaching practical work through their written cases. Dilemma cases are teachers' narratives organized around important events of teaching and learning. It can reveal teachers' situated cognition and be used as lens to investigate complex realities of science teaching and learning. 26 pre- and in-service elementary teachers' dilemma cases of science practical work were carefully collected and analysed to interpret what constitute tensions in elementary science practical works. They were largely grouped into three: Curriculum and Institutional Relevance, Students Relevance, Nature of School Experiments Relevance and divided into 7 subheadings: 'Authority of Curriculum(textbook)', 'Disappointment at external support', 'Students' interests and safety', 'Students' unscientific and inert attitude', 'Difficulty of showing expected results', 'Generalization through experiment', 'Knowledge acquisition and authentic inquiry'. Each dilemma was interpreted in terms of the tensions which constitute contradictory beliefs, values, expectation and realities. These dilemmas enabled to expose actual conditions of elementary science practical work and teachers' challenges otherwise can not be seen easily. Science teacher educators also can get some implications to overcome the gap between theory and practice in their teacher education.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.55-79
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• 2007

In this study the need for new service qualify assessment scale is investigated to cope with the paradigm change in library information service and the dimension and model for e-service quality assessment applicable to a digital library are developed. In order to verify newly proposed dimension and model for e-service qualify assessment, the dimension which is developed by employing data collected from NDSL(National Digital Science Library) and its factor are analyzed and casuality analysis between independent and dependent variables is executed based on the proposed e-service qualify model We also analyze the gap between customer's ideal expectation and perception and, finally investigate what is the most important dimension among e-service quality in the digital library from the customer's point of view.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.635-641
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• 2021

This article analyzes the factors affecting income inequality in Vietnam, with data from 63 provinces and cities collected from the Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey of the General Statistics Office of Vietnam from 2010 to 2018. The article will firstly build a research model to identify factors affecting income inequality. Then, it uses the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) method to evaluate the effect of factors on income inequality in Vietnam. The empirical estimate result shows that, in the period from 2010 to 2018, the factors such as the proportion of the working employees, income per capita, and inflation have positive effects on the Gini coefficient. That is, when these factors increase, there will be negative effects on improving income inequality in Vietnam. Conversely, when the factors such as the proportion of the literate adults, the proportion of the urban population, and population density increase they will have a positive impact on improving income inequality in Vietnam during this period. The estimated coefficients satisfied the sign expectation except the proportion of the literate adults. It means that, in Vietnam, the increase and more equilibrium in educational attainment balance the distribution of income and bring an improvement in income inequality.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.47-63
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• 2016

Rational choice theory holds that the alternative with largest expected utility in the choice set should always be chosen. However, it is often observed that an alternative with the largest expected utility is not always chosen while the choice task itself being avoided. Such a choice phenomenon cannot be explained by the traditional expected utility maximization principle. The current study posits shows that such a phenomenon can be attributed to the gap between the expected perceived gain (or loss) and the expected perceived value. This study mathematically analyses the relationship between the expectation of an alternative's gains or losses over the reference point and its expected value, when the perceived gains or losses follow continuous probability distributions. The proposed expected value (EV) function can explain the effects of loss aversion and uncertainty on the evaluation of an alternative based on the prospect theory value function. The proposed function reveals why the expected gain of an alternative should exceed some positive threshold in order for the alternative to be chosen. The model also explains why none of the two equally or similarly attractive options is chosen when they are presented together, but either of them is chosen when presented alone. The EV function and EG-EV curve can extract and visualize the core tenets of the prospect theory more clearly than the value function itself.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.103-119
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• 2020

As the easy payment service is popularized and the competition in the service market is fierce, research on factors affecting users' continuous use of the easy payment service is becoming increasingly important. However, in the existing studies, the discussion of the continuous intention to use the consumer's simple payment service has not been sufficiently conducted. Existing research remains on the way of listing technology and consumer characteristics. To bridge this research gap, this study aims to integrate and modify ECM and UTAUT to consider factors influencing the continuous use of easy payment services. The user's expectations and the confirmation were considered as important factors to decide. For empirical analysis, a survey was conducted for 236 users who had experience with domestic easy payment service. As a result, it was verified that confirmation, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and habit in regard to easy payment services are important for continuous use intention. Through this study, it is expected that the consumer's technology acceptance mechanism on the continuous use of simple payment will be grasped in more detail to develop academic discussions in the field. Implications from the results as well as limitations of the study are presented.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.890-915
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• 2022

Although existing studies on e-health have usually focused on e-health services adoption intention, there is a dearth of studies on the barriers that affect e-health services retention intention especially in India. Additionally, although studies have mostly focused on utilizing expectation-confirmation model to understand innovation related barriers, innovation resistance theory (IRT) has been overlooked. As Indian e-health service providers face stiff challenges due to customer's unwillingness to continue using the service, there is a need to bridge the research gap that exists in this context. This mixed-method study, based on responses received from 289 participants and 1154 online negative reviews from e-Health providers in India, examines the barriers from the IRT stance. Results of this study reveal a notable negative association between tradition, value and financial barrier and intention to continue using e-health services. Additionally, continuance intention affects recommendation. The study concludes with various implications and scope for future research.