• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.99-109
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aims to develop and empirically analyze a research model in order to comprehend the relationship among the service quality of market-wholesaler system, re-transaction intention, and recommendation intention of forwarder. Further, we suggest new six factors reflecting the service quality of market-wholesaler system and highlight market expansion of forwarder as a mechanism in the relationship. Research design, data and methodology: The authors developed the new scales measuring the service quality of market-wholesaler system (i.e. trade price, price fluctuation, payment receipt, settlement period, trade information, and customer service) and conducted a cross-sectional survey for 439 forwarders in a wholesale market. And then we performed a series of path analyses to test hypotheses. The hypotheses are as follows. [H1] The service quality of market-wholesaler system will positively affect forwarders' market expansion, [H2] Forwarders' market expansion will positively affect their re-transaction intention, [H3] Forwarders' market expansion will positively affect their recommendation intention, [H4] Forwarders' re-transaction intention will positively affect their recommendation intention. Results: The results showed that all the six factors for the service quality of market-wholesaler system were positively related to market expansion of forwarders. There was a differential effectiveness in the six factors of the service quality. More specifically, the positive effect of customer service factor was the strongest on market expansion of forwarders. And the respective effects of trade price, price fluctuation, settlement period, trade information factors were followed in order. The positive effect of payment receipt factor was the weakest on market expansion of forwarders. Also, market expansion of forwarders was positively related to their re-transaction intention and recommendation intention. Furthermore, market expansion of forwarders was indirectly related to recommendation intention through re-transaction intention as well. Conclusions: The research findings provide important theoretical and practical implications. This study is the first to attempt to test the perception of forwarders for the service quality of market-wholesaler system by developing and using the new scales. Also, there has been a sharp controversy about the effectiveness of market-wholesaler system. The findings support that market-wholesaler system would be activated by empirically verifying the effectiveness of the service quality on the various outcomes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.162-180
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to find the basic design factors that affect the changes in body surface lines caused by lower limb movements, thereby resulting in slacks that fit well regardless of whether the human form is static or in motion. Using unmarried female university students aged 18-24 as subjects, a total of 32 body surface lines (15 body surface total lines and 17 body surface segment lines) were measured in one static and 9 movement poses, The analysis first involved the calculation of the expansion and contraction rates per body part in body surface line in 9 lower limb movements, Second, a factor analysis was conducted using the expansion and contraction rates of these changes in body surface line. The results of this study are as follows, According to the factor analysis, basic design factors that affect changes in body surface lines comprised 8 types of factors as illustrated in fig, 2-fig, 9, which explained 79.2% of total variate for the variables studied, Factor 1, comprising the lower segment of center back leg line, center front leg line and inner leg line, and lower limb girth except midway thigh girth and ankle girth below hip girth, accounted for 30.3% of total variance, Factor 2, comprising waist girth, the total and upper segment of center back leg line and center tront leg line, and front and back segment of crotch length, explained 17.4% of total variance, Factor 3, the total and upper segment of lateral leg line at the center, accounted for 56.5% of total variance in accordance with Factors 1, 2, and 3, Factor 4 was the contracting upper part of lower leg between legscye girth and midway thigh girth, Factor 5 comprised the total and upper segment of inner leg line and posterior knee girth, Factor 6 was the total crotch length, Factor 7 was the ankle girth, Factor 8 was the abdomen girth.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2024

The expansion joint is installed to offset the expansion of the superstructure and must ensure sufficient gap during its service life. In detailed guideline of safety inspection and precise safety diagnosis for bridge, damage due to lack or excessive gap is specified, but there are insufficient standards for determining the abnormal behavior of superstructures. In this study, a data-based maintenance was proposed by continuously monitoring the expansion-gap data of the same expansion joint. A total of 2,756 data were collected from 689 expansion joint, taking into account the effects of season. We have developed a method to evaluate changes in the expansion joint-gap that can analyze the thermal movement through four or more data at the same location, and classified the factors that affect the superstructure behavior and analyze the influence of each factor through deep learning and explainable artificial intelligence(AI). Abnormal behavior of the superstructure was classified into narrowing and functional failure through the expansion joint-gap evaluation graph. The influence factor analysis using deep learning and explainable AI is considered to be reliable because the results can be explained by the existing expansion gap calculation formula and bridge design.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• summer
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• pp.689-691
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• 2004

Transmission Pricing is the factor of giving locational signal when Genco decides the generation expansion schedule. Therefore, TR-Pricing is influenced to generation expansion schedule. TR-Pricing is composed of three element, loss-cost and congestion-cost and equipment-cost. The main target of this paper is to analyze TR-Pricing's(especially loss-cost) inpact to generation expansion schedule. Then, this paper make a optimal counterproposal to decide the generation expansion schedule.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.313-335
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• 2016

In this article, a four-variable refined plate theory is presented for buckling analysis of functionally graded plates subjected to uniform, linear and non-linear temperature rises across the thickness direction. The theory accounts for parabolic distribution of the transverse shear strains, and satisfies the zero traction boundary conditions on the surfaces of the plate without using shear correction factor. Young's modulus and Poisson ratio of the FGM plates are assumed to remain constant throughout the entire plate. However, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the FGM plate varies according to a power law form through the thickness coordinate. Equilibrium and stability equations are derived based on the present theory. The influences of many plate parameters on buckling temperature difference such ratio of thermal expansion, aspect ratio, side-to-thickness ratio and gradient index will be investigated.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1255-1260
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• 2001

The expansion of two different kinds of hydrodynamic size of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA Mw: 1.56- 2.04 ${\times}$ 106 g/mol) has been measured by dynamic light scattering and viscometry above the Flory $\theta$ temperature of the variou s solvents such as n-butyl chloride, 3-heptanone, and 4-heptanone. The expansion of PMMA chains was analyzed in terms of universal temperature parameters and also compared with previous results of polystyrene (PS) system. First it was found that simple $\tau/{\tau}c$ parameter no longer had its universality for the expansion behavior of hydrodynamic size in the chemically different linear polymer chains. However after modifying ${\tau}/{\tau}c$ parameter into $(Mw/Ro2)3}2(\tau/\tauc)$, we observed a much better universality for both PMMA and PS systems. Here Mw, Ro, $\tau[=(T-{\theta}$)/${\theta}$]$, and ${\tau}c[=({\theta}-Tc)/Tc]$ are defined as the weight average molecular weight, the unperturbed end-to-end distance, the reduced temperature and the reduced critical temperature, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.10 no.4 s.25
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• pp.9-18
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• 2004

The purpose or this study is to simulate spatially the urban expansion phenomena with a cellular automata (CA) technique using GIS. A study area, Suwon city, was selected for test of model verification and application with the classified land-use maps of three data years: 1986, 1996, and 2000. The urbanized potential maps were generated with seven criteria of one geographic factor (slope of land), and six accessibility factors (time distances from city, national road, Seoul, station, and built-up boundary), considering their weighting values, which were optimized by WSM (weighted scenario method for intensity order) combined a ranking method and a AHP technique. The optimized weighting values at the urban expansion between 1986 and 1996 were applied to verify the CA model for the other expansion between 1996 and 2000. The results of model application showed that urban sprawl phenomena of the urban expansion toward rural area can be simulated spatially and temporally with several boundary conditions considering various scenarios for the criteria and parameters of the model. Ultimately, this study can contribute to reference data for land-use planning of urban fringe areas.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.305-316
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• 1997

A more efficient method for obtaining the fatigue life enhancement of a structure member with fastener holes is described. It is based on the combined process of cold-expansion and ring-indentation. Residual stresses were induced onto premachined holes using ring-indentation process near the fastener hole combined with cold-expansion. And residual stresses at the vicinity of a hole were evaluated using a fracture mechanics approach. The compressive residual stresses were larger using the combined process than is in the case of simple cold-expansion. Fatigue testing of aluminum specimens showed that the fatigue crack growth retardation emanating from a circular hole was greater for the combined process than for a simple cold-expansion alone.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.335-340
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• 2004

Mesangial expansion caused by cell proliferation and glomerular extracellular matrix accumulation is one of the earliest renal abnormalties observed at the onset of hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus. Transcription factor Sp1 is implicated in the transcriptional regulation of a wide range of genes participating in cell proliferation, and is assumed to play an essential role in mesangial expansion, transforming growth factor (TGF)-$\beta$1, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1. We have generated a phosphorothioated double-stranded Sp1-decoy oligodeoxynucleotide that effectively blocks Sp1 binding to the promoter region for transcriptional regulation of TGF-$\beta$1 and PAI-1. The Sp1 decoy oligodeoxynucleotide suppressed transcription of these cytokines and proliferation of primary rat mesangial cells in response to serum stimulation. These results suggest that the Sp1 decoy oligodeoxynucleotide could bea powerful tool in preventing the pathogenesis of renal hypertrophy.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.128-130
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• 2003

As toughness-investigation to improve brittleness of existing epoxy resin, elastic-factor of elastic epoxy using TMA (Thermomechanical Analysis), DMTA (Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis) and FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microsope) for structure-images analysis were investigated. A range of measurement temperature of the TMA, DMTA was changed from -20[$^{\circ}C$] to 200[$^{\circ}C$]. When modifier was ratio of 0[phr], 20[phr], 35[phr], glass transition temperature (Tg) of elastic epoxy was measured through thermal analysis devices. Also, it was investigated thermal expansion coefficient ($\alpha$), modulus and loss factor through DMTA. In addition, it was analyzed structure through FSSEM and made sure elastic-factor of elastic epoxy visually. As thermal analysis results, 20[phr] was superior than 30[phr] thermally and mechanically. Specially, thermal expansion coefficient, modulus, damping properties were excellent. By structure-images analysis through FESEM, we found elastic-factor of elastic epoxy that is not existing epoxy, and proved high impact.