• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.241-248
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• 2022

Background: The PyeongChang 2018 Winter Paralympic Games (WPG) being one of the most successful Paralympic Games (PG) in modern athletic world history, hosted the largest number of elite athletes representing 49 National Paralympic Committees (NPCs). Objects: The present investigation highlighted the demographic and clinical characteristics of injured athletes and non-athletes and the physiotherapy services provided during the PyeongChang 2018 WPG. Methods: Prospective descriptive epidemiology study, in which the study group comprised of 201 participants (51 athletes and 150 non-athletes) who were admitted to and utilized the polyclinic physiotherapy service of 2018 PyeongChang WPG in Physiotherapy Department of Paralympic Village from March 1, 2018 to March 20, 2018. Results: Qualitative frequency analysis of injury type demonstrated highest number of chronic injuries (51%, n = 100) in athletes and non-athletes. Anatomical injury site analysis revealed that the spine and shoulder areas were affected with equal frequency for athletes (54.9%, n = 14), whereas for non-athletes, the frequencies of spine and shoulder area injuries were 36.7% (n = 55) and 26% (n = 39), respectively. The Pyeongchang WPG showed a high rate of athletes visiting the physiotherapy service during the pre-competition period (33.3%, n = 50), which may have led to smaller incidence rate of traumatic injury. The physiotherapy treatment service analysis demonstrated that manual therapy (35.4%, n = 230) was most commonly utilized, followed by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation/interference current therapy (TENS/ICT), therapeutic massage and therapeutic exercise. Conclusion: We established the importance of prophylactic and preventive physiotherapy services to reduce the risk of sports injuries during WPG.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.7-19
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• 2006

Falls are a major sources of death and injury in elderly people. Aged-related changes in the physiological systems which contribute to the maintenance of balance are well documented in older adults. These changes coupled with age-related changes in muscle and bone are likely to contribute to an increased risk of falls in this population. Regular exercise may be one way of preventing falls and fall-related fractures. However, the optimal exercise prescription to prevent falls has not yet been defined. On the literature review of exercise intervention for fall prevention in the elderly, exercise appeared to be a useful tool in fall prevention by improving fall risk factors. The optimum exercise prescription; moderate intensity frequency of 3-4 times per week, duration of 30-60minutes can contribute to decreased hazards and number of fall. Fall prevention protocol should include safety, falling effect, enjoyment, and easiness to follow for older people. Effective exercise programs suggested for fall prevention were such as weight-bearing exercise, resistance exercise, lower muscle strength with elastic band, swiss ball exercise walking, tai chi, and yoga.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2019

[Purpose] Strenuous exercise often induces skeletal muscle damage, which results in impaired performance. Sphingolipid metabolism contributes to various cellular processes, including apoptosis, stress response, and inflammation. However, the relationship between exercise-induced muscle damage and ceramide (a key component of sphingolipid metabolism), is rarely studied. The present study aimed to explore the regulatory role of sphingolipid metabolism in exercise-induced muscle damage. [Methods] Mice were subjected to strenuous exercise by treadmill running with gradual increase in intensity. The blood and gastrocnemius muscles (white and red portion) were collected immediately after and 24 h post exercise. For 3 days, imipramine was intraperitoneally injected 1 h prior to treadmill running. [Results] Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and serum creatine kinase (CK) levels were enhanced immediately after and 24 h post exercise (relative to those of resting), respectively. Acidic sphingomyelinase (A-SMase) protein expression in gastrocnemius muscles was significantly augmented by exercise, unlike, serine palmitoyltransferase-1 (SPT-1) and neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) expressions. Furthermore, imipramine (a selective A-SMase inhibitor) treatment reduced the exercise-induced CK and IL-6 elevations, along with a decrease in cleaved caspase-3 (Cas-3) of gastrocnemius muscles. [Conclusion] We found the crucial role of A-SMase in exercise-induced muscle damage.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.70-74
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• 2013

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the application of whole body vibration training (WBV) on the balance ability of patients with an American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) type C or D spinal cord injury. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Twelve patients with spinal cord injury were enrolled in this study. The participants were randomized to an experimental group (n=6) or control group (n=6). The subjects in the experimental group received WBV exercise and the control group received the sham exercise without vibration. The vibrations were adjusted vertically to the patient at a 30 Hz frequency and 3 mm amplitude. The whole body vibration lasted for 16 minutes in total including 5-minutes warm-up and cool-down at the beginning and end of the program, respectively. The static sitting balance ability was assessed by measuring the postural sway while sitting on the force plate with the eyes opened or closed. Postural sway length was measured for 30 seconds with a self-selected comfortable position. Results: In the static balance test, the anterio-posterior, medio-lateral, and total postural sway length with the eyes open and closed was improved significantly before and after the intervention in the experimental group (p<0.05). The experimental group showed significantly more improvement than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that WBV training has a positive effect on improving static sitting balance and enhanced control of postural sway in patients with an ASIA-C or D type spinal cord injury.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.206-215
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• 2010

This study was designed to investigate the effects of mild hypothermia and Aquatic exercise on function Activity after experimental Spinal Cord Injury(SCI) rats. Experimental groups were divided into the control group (non-treatment after SCI induction), group I(hypothermia after SCI induction), group II(exercise after SCI induction), group III(hypothermia and exercise after SCI induction). After operation, rats were examined neurological motor behavior test at 3, 7, 14, 21 days and Immunohistochemical assessment at 3, 7, 21 days.Each other 14 days were a statistically significant difference between control group and group II, III(p<.001) in BBB scale, between control group and group III(p<.05) in grid walk test. In mmunohistochemical assessment, there was appeared highest express in group III. Based on these results, mild hypothermia and exercise was effected functional Activity after SCI.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.431-442
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• 2020

This study examined the effect of the theratainment swiss ball exercise on the upper limb function, pain, and daily activities of a patient with axillary nerve injury. The research duration was from November 5^th, 2019 to February 25^th, 2020. The research subject was a 23-year-old female patient living in the metropolitan city of G in South Korea, and the A-B-A' type of single-subject experimental research design was used. In this study, repeated training was provided to the patient in the form of exercises employing different directions and gradually increased weights. The training increased the structural stability and mobility of the shoulder and was effective for pain relief as it strengthened shoulder function. The training helped the subject improve her posture change adaptability and reaction ability in different environments and ultimately enabled her to increase and maximize her performance of independent daily activities. This study thus demonstrated the positive effect of the Swiss ball exercise on the upper limb function, pain and disability, daily activities of a patient with axillary nerve injury and confirmed the potential of the exercise as an intervention method. Continued investigation to develop and test the effect of the Swiss ball exercise will be required for it to be used professionally as a therapeutic approach by occupational therapists in treating a variety of patients.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.25-32
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• 2023

Constipation is the most common digestive disorder, and it occurs frequently in the early stages and affects the prognosis on rehabilitation stage in the patients with brain injury. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the bowel habits of brain-injured patients undergoing enteral nutrition immediately after admission to rehabilitation and transmission, and to investigate the effects of abdominal massage and lower extremity exercise. The study design is a quasi-experimental study to investigate the effect of a bowel care intervention (abdominal massage and lower extremity exercise) applicable to patients with brain lesions. As a result of the study, the number of bowel movements was significantly higher in the intervention group (p=.030), and the use of suppositories in the control group was statistically significantly higher than that in the intervention group (p=.004). The time of constipation relief was 1.73 days for the experimental group and 4.61 days for the control group, indicating that there was a difference in the time of constipation relief between the two groups (p<.001). Abdominal massage and lower extremity exercise were effective as nursing interventions to relieve constipation and prevent constipation in patients with brain injury from the early stage of rehabilitation.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 2014

Purpose: In this research, the properties of the shoulder joint were measured through eccentric resistive exercise with the patients who have rotator cuff tear of shoulder joints as the targets. Methods: 23 patients who have pain due to the rupture of rotator cuff on shoulder joints were selected and divided into Exercise group (12) and Control group (11). Two groups executed exercise for 30 minutes 3 days a week. Exercise group had executed eccentric resistive exercise, and the Control group executed Complex exercise. Results: In external rotation $180^{\circ}/s$, $240^{\circ}/s$, the Exercise group showed to be an average of 8% higher than the Control group. For Internal rotation $90^{\circ}/s$, $180^{\circ}/s$, $240^{\circ}/s$ the Exercise group showed to be an average of 30% higher that the Control group. Conclusion: To lessen the rupture of rotator cuff on shoulder joints, muscles strengthening is very important across various methods of eccentric exercise programs which are external/internal rotators of the shoulder joint needed for throwing. This is effective in preventing injury and improving rotation.

• Journal of Korea Association of Health Promotion
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.147-164
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of physical activity on women's health. I conducted literature reviews for meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials with the target diseases including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancers osteoporosis, and pregnancy outcomes. Women who were active had less total mortality and smaller incidence of hypertension, coronary heart diseases, and stroke. Exercise was better than drug therapies in preventing diabetes and effective in preventing colon and breast cancers. Exercise can reduce the risks of falling injury in elderly women. Walking during pregnancy was not harmful to the mothers and their infants, and desirable to prevent the complications of pregnancy or weight gain after pregnancy. Physical activity at work and leisure-time showed similar effects on women's health. Based on these results, moderate-intensity physical activity should be recommended to all women, Resistive, muscle strength, and balance-training exercise also can be recommended. Doctors' advices are effective to make women exercise, especially using handouts or motivational interviewing techniques. It is desirable to recommend to peform other health promotion measures together such as smoking cessation, weight control and diet control.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2015

Objective: In this study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that aerobic exercise might exert its cardio-protective effect by preventing oxidative stress and improving cardiac function in rat models with doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: We randomly divided experimental rats into four groups: the normal group was used as a non-cardiomyopathy normal control (n=10); the control group included non-aerobic exercise after doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy (n=10); the experimental group I included aerobic exercise (3 m/min) after doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy (n=10); and experimental group II included aerobic exercise (8 m/min) after doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. Rats in the treadmill training groups underwent treadmill training, which began at 2 weeks after the first intraperitoneal injection. At the end of the exercise period, we determined the heart weight change for each rat. Changes in the levels of oxidative stress enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances [TBARS], and catalase) in the cardiac tissue of rats from all four groups were examined at the end of the experiment. Results: Significant cardiac myocyte injury and increase in myocardial TBARS concomitant with a reduction in myocardial SOD and catalase were observed following cardiomyopathy (p<0.05). Significant cardiac tissue and increase in myocardial TBARS along with reduction in myocardial SOD and catalase were observed following cardiomyopathy (p<0.05). Oxidative parameters were significantly improved in the aerobic exercise groups compared with the control group. Conclusions: These findings indicate that aerobic exercise effectively prevents oxidative stress in rat models with cardiomyopathy.