• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제49권5호
• /
• pp.366-373
• /
• 2016

Background: The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that in patients with chronic complex sternum dehiscence, the use of muscle flap repair minimizes the occurrence of paradoxical motion of the chest wall (CWPM) when compared to sternal rewiring, eventually leading to better respiratory function and clinical outcomes during follow-up. Methods: In a propensity score matching analysis, out of 94 patients who underwent sternal reconstruction, 20 patients were selected: 10 patients underwent sternal reconstruction with bilateral pectoralis muscle flaps (group 1) and 10 underwent sternal rewiring (group 2). Eligibility criteria included the presence of hemisternum diastases associated with multiple (${\geq}$3) bone fractures and radiologic evidence of synchronous chest wall motion (CWSM). We compared radiologically assessed (volumetric computed tomography) ventilatory mechanic indices such as single lung and global vital capacity (VC), diaphragm excursion, synchronous and paradoxical chest wall motion. Results: Follow-up was 100% complete (mean $85{\pm}24months$). CWPM was inversely correlated with single lung VC (Spearman R=-0.72, p=0.0003), global VC (R=-0.51, p=0.02) and diaphragm excursion (R=-0.80, p=0.0003), whereas it proved directly correlated with dyspnea grade (Spearman R=0.51, p=0.02) and pain (R=0.59, p=0.005). Mean CWPM and single lung VC were both better in group 1, whereas there was no difference in CWSM, diaphragm excursion and global VC. Conclusion: Our study suggests that in patients with complex chronic sternal dehiscence, pectoralis muscle flap reconstruction guarantees lower CWPM and greater single-lung VC when compared with sternal rewiring and it is associated with better clinical outcomes with less pain and dyspnea.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.122-128
• /
• 2019

Background The masseter nerve is a useful donor nerve for reconstruction in patients with established facial palsy, with numerous advantages including low morbidity, a strong motor impulse, high reliability, and fast reinnervation. In this study, we assessed the results of masseter nerve-innervated free gracilis muscle transfer in established facial palsy patients. Methods Ten patients with facial palsy who received treatment from January 2015 to January 2017 were enrolled in this study. Three patients received masseter nerve-only free gracilis transfer, and seven received double-innervated free gracilis transfer (masseter nerve and a cross-face nerve graft). Patients were evaluated using the Facial Assessment by Computer Evaluation software (FACEgram) to quantify oral commissure excursion and symmetry at rest and when smiling after muscle transfer. Results The mean time between surgery and initial movement was roughly 167.7 days. A statistically significant increase in excursion at rest and when smiling was seen after muscle transfer. There was a significant increase in the distance of oral commissure excursion at rest and when smiling. A statistically significant increase was observed in symmetry when smiling. Terzis' functional and aesthetic grading scores showed significant improvements postoperatively. Conclusions Masseter nerve innervation is a good option with many uses in in established facial palsy patients. For some conditions, it is the first-line treatment. Free gracilis muscle transfer using the masseter nerve has excellent results with good symmetry and an effective degree of recovery.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제87권1호
• /
• pp.80-90
• /
• 2024

Background: There are many methods of evaluating diaphragmatic function, including trans-diaphragmatic pressure measurements, which are considered the key rule of diagnosis. We studied the clinical usefulness of chest ultrasonography in evaluating stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and those in exacerbation, focusing on diaphragmatic measurements and their correlation with spirometry and other clinical parameters. Methods: In a prospective case-control study, we enrolled 100 COPD patients divided into 40 stable COPD patients and 60 patients with exacerbation. The analysis included 20 age-matched controls. In addition to the clinical assessment of the study population, radiological evaluation included chest radiographs and chest computed tomography. Transthoracic ultrasonography (TUS) was performed for all included subjects. Results: Multiple A lines (more than 3) were more frequent in COPD exacerbation than in stable patients, as was the case for B-lines. TUS significantly showed high specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and accuracy in detecting pleural effusion, consolidation, pneumothorax, and lung mass. Diaphragmatic measurements were significantly lower among stable COPD subjects than healthy controls. Diaphragmatic thickness and excursion displayed a significant negative correlation with body mass index and the dyspnea scale, and a positive correlation with spirometry measures. Patients in Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) group D showed lower diaphragmatic measurements (thickness and excursion). Conclusion: The TUS of COPD patients both in stable and exacerbated conditions and the assessment of diaphragm excursion and thickness by TUS in COPD patients and their correlations to disease-related factors proved informative and paved the way for the better management of COPD patients.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.15-29
• /
• 1997

The author performed this study to investige the relationship between condylar movements recorded with Pantronic and mandibular movements at incisal area recorded with BioEGN. For this study 24 patients with Temporomandibular disorders(TMDs) and 30 dental students without any masticatory symptoms were selected as patients group and control group, respectively. The items recorded with Pantronic(Denar Corp., USA) were immediate side-shift, orbiting path, protrusive path, and PRI. BioEGN(Bioelectric-gnathography, Bioresearch Inc., USA) were sued to measure the amount of mandibular torque movement in frontal and horizontal plane and also the distance of mandibular translation at incisal area. Amount of mandibular rotational torque movement was analyzed by angle and difference between both condyles in frontal and horizontal plane. The collected data were processed with SAS program and conclusion were as follows : 1. Mean value of items recorded with Pantronic were not significantly differed between patients group and control group except the item of pantographic reproducibility index(PRI). The value of PRI was 39.5 in patients group, and 29.5 in control group. 2. The amount of mandibular torque movement was not differed tin early protrusive and early left excursion between patients group and control group, but in early right excursion, patients group showed more value than control group did. 3. The distance on sagittal plane in early eccentric movements were longer in patients group than those in control group, but the distance of maximal eccentric movements were not significantly differed between patients group and control group. 4. Items which showed significant correlation with PRI were progressive side-shift, and horizontal torque movement in early protrusion and right excursion. 5. The angle of protrusive path of affected side was greater than of non-affected side in unilaterally affected patients, but the protrusive angle of preferred chewing side was not differed from that of contralateral side in control group. 6. The amount of torque movement in early protrusion and right excursion were greater in patients with coincidence of affected side and preferred chewing side than in patients without coincidence.

• 천문학회지
• /
• 제46권3호
• /
• pp.125-131
• /
• 2013

We present the relation between the genus in cosmology and the Betti numbers for excursion sets of three- and two-dimensional smooth Gaussian random fields, and numerically investigate the Betti numbers as a function of threshold level. Betti numbers are topological invariants of figures that can be used to distinguish topological spaces. In the case of the excursion sets of a three-dimensional field there are three possibly non-zero Betti numbers; ${\beta}_0$ is the number of connected regions, ${\beta}_1$ is the number of circular holes (i.e., complement of solid tori), and ${\beta}_2$ is the number of three-dimensional voids (i.e., complement of three-dimensional excursion regions). Their sum with alternating signs is the genus of the surface of excursion regions. It is found that each Betti number has a dominant contribution to the genus in a specific threshold range. ${\beta}_0$ dominates the high-threshold part of the genus curve measuring the abundance of high density regions (clusters). ${\beta}_1$ dominates the genus near the median thresholds which measures the topology of negatively curved iso-density surfaces, and ${\beta}_2$ corresponds to the low-threshold part measuring the void abundance. We average the Betti number curves (the Betti numbers as a function of the threshold level) over many realizations of Gaussian fields and find that both the amplitude and shape of the Betti number curves depend on the slope of the power spectrum n in such a way that their shape becomes broader and their amplitude drops less steeply than the genus as n decreases. This behaviour contrasts with the fact that the shape of the genus curve is fixed for all Gaussian fields regardless of the power spectrum. Even though the Gaussian Betti number curves should be calculated for each given power spectrum, we propose to use the Betti numbers for better specification of the topology of large scale structures in the universe.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.23-38
• /
• 2015

The study was initiated with Kentucky bluegrass (KB, Poa pratensis L.) to investigate germination and early establishment characteristics of new cultivars for a practical application to turfgrass establishment such as parks, athletic field and golf course etc. Fifteen cultivars were evaluated in different experiments. An alternative condition for a KB germination test required by International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) was applied in Experiment I, consisting of 8-hr light at $25^{\circ}C$ and 16-hr dark at $15^{\circ}C$ (ISTA conditions). Experiment II was conducted under a room temperature condition of 5 to $25^{\circ}C$ (natural conditions). Seed germinating vigor, germination speed and germination peak time were measured in both experiments. Significant differences were observed in seed germinating vigor, germination speed and germination peak time. Seed germinating vigor was variable with different environments and cultivars. It was 75.25 to 89.50% under ISTA conditions and 75.75 to 90.25% under natural conditions. There were considerable variations in early germination characteristics among KB cultivars according to different environments. Early germination characteristics showed that all cultivars were 3 to 5 days faster in germination under ISTA conditions, when compared with natural conditions. The germination speed, measured as days to seed germination of 50% to 80%, was much faster with 'Midnight II', 'Excursion' and 'Midnight' under ISTA conditions. But it was faster with 'Midnight II', 'Excursion' and 'Odyssey' under natural conditions. Differences was also observed in germination peak time with cultivars and growing conditions. It ranged 5.94 to 14.88 days under ISTA conditions and 4.71 to 13.06 days under natural conditions. Regardless of the environment conditions, the shortest cultivars were 'Odyssey' and 'Midnight II'. The longest ones were 'Nuglade' under ISTA condition and 'Moonlight' under natural conditions. Considering germinating vigor, germination speed and germination peak time, 'Midnight II', 'Excursion', 'Midnight', and 'Odyssey' were regarded as excellent cultivars under ISTA conditions in terms of early establishment characteristics, while 'Midnight II', 'Excursion', 'Odyssey', and 'Courtyard' under natural conditions. These results suggest that an intensive germination test be needed prior to planting, for investigating the early germinating vigor, germination speed and germination peak time. Also, a proper cultivar selection and comprehensive site analysis for the growing environmental conditions should be done before turfgrass establishment such as golf course construction.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.29-40
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 켄터키 블루그래스의 발아특성 및 발아패턴을 파악하고자 시작하였다. 공시재료는 국내에서 최근 많이 이용되고 있는 15 종류의 신품종을 이용하였으며, 발아실험은 변온조건에서 수행하였다. 켄터키 블루그래스 종자의 발아율, 발아패턴 및 발아특성은 품종에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 최종 발아율은 75.25-89.50% 사이로 품종 간 최대 14.25% 정도 차이가 나타났다. 켄터키 블루그래스는 치상 후 6-9일 사이에 발아가 시작되었으며 품종 간 최대 3일 정도의 차이가 나타났다. 최초 발아율은 0.25-23.00% 사이로 품종 간 차이가 컸지만, 대부분 5%이내였다. 하지만 'Brilliant' 및 'Midnight II' 품종은 각각 14.50% 및 23.00%로 최초 발아율이 대단히 왕성한 품종이었다. 켄터키 블루그래스 종자의 기준 발아율인 75% 도달기간은 치상 후 15.08-28.80일 사이였다. 기준발아율 도달기간이 가장 빠른 종류는 'Excursion', 'Midnight II', 'Odyssey', 'Midnight' 및 'Courtyard' 품종이었고, 가장 느린 품종은 28.80일로 나타난 'Voyager II' 품종이었다. 'Voyager II' 품종의 발아 특성은 가장 우수한 품종군에 비해 각각 13-14일 정도 느린 것이었다. 종합적으로 발아특성 및 발아패턴의 결과를 고려할 때 'Midnight II', 'Excursion' 및 'Midnight' 품종이 가장 우수한 것으로 판단되었으며, 품종 간 이러한 발아특성 비교 데이터는 골프장 등 잔디밭 조성 시 실무적인 기초 자료로 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 1986

제주도의 지질은 다량의 현무암질 용암과 소량의 조면암질 용암으로 특징지워진다. 제주도는 지형적인 특징에 따라서, 용암대지, 순상형의 한라산 화산체 및 360여개 이상의 기생화군으로 구분된다. 이와같은 지형적인 특징은 제주도의 화산활동과 밀접한 관계를 갖는다. 조면암질 용암은 암석기재학적 및 산출상태의 특징에 따라서 백록담 구룹과 산방산 구룹으로 구분되며, 이들은 제주도의 화산층서 상, 하한선을 규정할 수 있는 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 두 구룹의 조면암질 용암의 연대측정 및 고지자기 연구를 하였다. 산방산 구룹 조면암의 평균 연령은 $0.733{\pm}0.056M.Y.$을 나타내며, 이는 Brunches 정자극기와 Matuyama 역자극기 사이의 경계의 약간하부와 (0.69 M.Y.) 대비된다. 반면 백록담 구룹 조면암의 평균연령은 $0.025{\pm}0.008M.Y.$를 나타내며, Laschamp excursion, Lake Biwa excursion 또는 Lake Mono excursion 중 어느 horizon과 대비된다. 이들 두 조면암구룹은 위도 9'($0.15^{\circ}$)의 차이를 두고 분포하며, 연대는 0.71 M.Y.의 차를 나타낸다. 이러한 결과는, 두 구룹의 조면암류 용암이 같은 원천의 hot spot에서 분출된 것으로 가정한다면, 제주도를 포함한 lithosphere는 신생대 제 4기 동안에 약 2.3cm/y의 속도로 남쪽으로 이동하고 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국광학회 2003년도 하계학술발표회
• /
• pp.24-25
• /
• 2003

We propose the new gain-flattened filter utilizing tapered silica-based fiber for high capacity WDM optical communication systems. The gain excursion of Gain flattening filters is less than 0.5 dB over the 40 nm(1525 nm ～1565 nm).

• 한국운동역학회지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.165-169
• /
• 2017

Objective: The Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and Y-Balance Test (YBT) have been commonly applied to measure dynamic postural stability ability. These two tests are utilized interchangeably in various settings. However, they could in fact require different movements to assess dynamic postural stability, as one uses a platform and different measuring techniques than the other. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a significant difference in the kinematic patterns in physically active population while performing the SEBT and the YBT. Method: Seventy participants performed in the Anterior (AN), Posteromedial (PM), and Posterolateral (PL) directions of the SEBT and the YBT. The kinematics of hip, knee, and ankle in sagittal plane was calculated and analyzed. Paired-sample t-tests were performed to compare joint angular displacement in the ankle, knee, and hip between the SEBT and the YBT. Results: Significant differences in angular displacement at the hip, knee, and ankle joints in the sagittal plane between performance on the SEBT and on the YBT were observed. Conclusion: Clinicians and researchers should not apply these dynamic postural control tasks interchangeably from one task to another. There appear to be kinematic pattern differences between tests in healthy physical active population.