• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.161-164
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• 1988

Infrared multiphoton decompositions (IRMPD) of $BrCH_2CH_2CH_2CH_2Cl$ were studied by using the pulsed $CO_2$laser. At 0.3 J laser energy the experimentally observed product ratios could be reasonably explained by the RRKM calculation with initial excitation energy of ca. 80 Kcal/mol. The pressure dependence of product yields led us to conclude that the collisional deactivation by the inert gas decreased the yield of low energy dissociation channel more significantly.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.11 no.9
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• pp.759-762
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• 2001

Mg$_2$SnO$_4$having an inverse spinel structure was selected as a new host material of $Mn^{2+}$ activator. The luminescence of the $Mg_2$SnO$_4$:Mn phosphor prepared by the solid-state reaction were investigated under ultraviolet and low-voltage electron excitation. The Mn-doped magnesium tin oxide exhibited strong green emission with the spectrum centered at 500nm wavelength. It was explained that the green emission in $Mg_2$SnO$_4$:Mn phosphor is due to energy transfer from $^4T_1to ^6A_1\;of\; Mn^{2+}$ ion at tetrahedral site in the spinel structure. The optimum concentration of $Mn^{2+}$/ion exhibiting maximum emission intensity by the low-voltage electron excitation was 0.6mol%. ？

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.303-309
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• 1991

Limitation of photosynthesis in detached Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.) leaves was induced by feeding of mannose (25 mM) for 12 h in the light, and changes in the basic thylakoid functions under this condition were investigated. The acid soluble phosphate contend and CO2 uptake rate was decreased by 66% and 67%, respectively. However, the starch content was increased by 24% compared to those of controls. From the fast induction curves of chlorophyll fluorescence, dark level fluorescence (Fo) slightly increased while intermediate plateau fluorescence level (FI) to peak level fluorescence (Fp) transient was significantly decreased with a slight decrease in the Fo-to-FI transient. This data means that reduction of secondary electron acceptor of PSII (QB) might be more severely inhibited than that of primary electron acceptor of PSII (QA) by decrease in phosphate level. The strong decline of (Fv)m//Fm ratio suggests that efficiency of excitation energy capture by PSII was decreased markedly. The quenching of Fo (qO), an indicator of state transition, was also occurred over the slow induction kinetics of chlorophyll fluorescence. From quenching analysis, fluorescence was dominantly quenched by nonphotochemical quenchings (qE+qT). These results showed that the capture and transfer efficiency of excitation energy to PSII reaction center in thylakoid was decreased with the decline of leaf phosphate level, and that the state transition was occurred during the induction of photosynthesis under these conditions.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.61-80
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• 2002

Wind tunnel aeroelastic model tests of the Commonwealth Advisory Aeronautical Research Council (CAARC) standard tall building were conducted using a three-degree-of-freedom base hinged aeroelastic(BHA) model. Experimental investigation into the effects of coupled translational-torsional motion, cross-wind/torsional frequency ratio and eccentricity between centre of mass and centre of stiffness on the wind-induced response characteristics and wind excitation mechanisms was carried out. The wind tunnel test results highlight the significant effects of coupled translational-torsional motion, and eccentricity between centre of mass and centre of stiffness, on both the normalised along-wind and cross-wind acceleration responses for reduced wind velocities ranging from 4 to 20. Coupled translational-torsional motion and eccentricity between centre of mass and centre of stiffness also have significant impacts on the amplitude-dependent effect caused by the vortex resonant process, and the transfer of vibrational energy between the along-wind and cross-wind directions. These resulted in either an increase or decrease of each response component, in particular at reduced wind velocities close to a critical value of 10. In addition, the contribution of vibrational energy from the torsional motion to the cross-wind response of the building model can be greatly amplified by the effect of resonance between the vortex shedding frequency and the torsional natural frequency of the building model.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2019

We report the precipitation of ZnO nanocrystals, Ag-clusters, and Ag nanoparticles in Ag/Er/Yb doped borate glasses by furnace annealing and $CO_2$ laser annealing. The XRD analysis revealed the precipitation of ZnO and Ag phases. The absorption spectra, the TEM and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) revealed the incorporation of Er and Yb ions into ZnO nanocrystals formed by a laser technique and showed the surface plasmon band of Ag nanoparticles. The down-converted blue emission intensity of $Er^{3+}$ ions obtained under 365 nm excitation was enhanced by more than a hundred times in the glass treated by furnace annealing, mainly due to the energy transfer from Ag-clusters. Moreover, we discussed the contribution of Ag nanoparticles and defects to emission characteristics in the glasses treated by two annealing techniques. Up-conversion emissions of the $Er^{3+}$ ions under 980 nm excitation were enhanced due to the incorporation of $Er^{3+}$ and $Yb^{3+}$ ions into ZnO nanocrystals after thermal treatments.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2023

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), in which a photosensitizer (PS), light, and molecular oxygen are essential components, is a non-invasive and highly effective cancer therapeutic method. However, PDT suffers from the penetration limit of light caused by attenuation and scattering of light through tissues constraining its use to skin and endoscopically accessible cancers. Cerenkov luminescence (CL) is defined as the light illuminated when charged particles move in a dielectric medium at a velocity greater than the phase velocity of light. It is known that medical radioisotopes in preclinical and clinical settings have enough energy to generate CL, and lately, CL has been exploited as an excitation source for PDT without external light illumination. This review introduces state of the art studies of radioisotope-based PDT for cancer, in which radioisotopes are utilized as a light source.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 1993

Small XeCl laser of charge transfer discharge excitation was fabricated and output charateristics were investigated according to gas mixture ratio. Beam cross section of 2.7cm${\times}$1.5cm was obtained by constructing excimer laser which preionization is operated automatically and which has chang profile electrode. According to the component gas mixture ratio, the condition of maximum output energy, efficiency were investigated. The maximum energy, efficiency and specific energy were obtained 230 mJ, 1.6% and 1.1 J/l, respectively. The long pulse effect is observed by constructing low peaking to main capacitance ratio of 1:3.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.678-684
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• 2018

In order to broaden the indication of middle ear implant, research has been actively conducted on the reverse output method that stimulates the round window. However, it is very difficult to transmit the vibration output effectively because the indivisual anatomical difference of the round window niche is very large and also the visual field is not secured even by a skilled otolaryngologic surgeon. In this paper, we propose a new reverse stimulation method of middle ear implants that transmits energy to the inner ear by using air as a medium. This can compensate for the disadvantages of the conventional method of transmitting vibration energy and minimizes the energy transfer efficiency interference due to the combination of the excitation point and the output device. It was shown that forward and backward transfer characteristics were obtained by cadaveric experiments, and it was shown that it can overcome the acoustical impedance of high round window and transmit energy to inner ear. The receiver, which is the output device of the conventional hearing aids, can generate a constant volume velocity, so it can have a high output at a limited volume, such as a round window niche. So, suggested method can overcome the high acoustical impedance of the round window and deliver acoustic energy to the inner ear.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.112-118
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• 2021

Dy³⁺- and Eu³⁺-codoped BaWO₄ phosphors for white light-emitting diode were synthesized with different activator ions via a solid-state reaction process. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of the BaWO₄:Dy³⁺,Eu³⁺ phosphors were investigated as a function of Eu³⁺ concentration at a fixed concentration of Dy³⁺ ions. XRD patterns exhibited that all the synthesized phosphors had a tetragonal system, irrespective of the concentrations of Dy³⁺ and Eu³⁺ ions. The excitation spectra of the synthesized phosphors were composed of three intense bands centered at 251, 355, and 393 nm and several weak peaks. For the BaWO₄:Dy³⁺,Eu³⁺ phosphors synthesized with 1 mol% of Eu³⁺, the emission spectra under ultraviolet excitation at 393 nm showed two strong blue and yellow bands at 485 and 577 nm corresponding to the ⁴F_9/2⁶H_15/2 and ⁴F_9/2⁶H_13/2 transitions of Dy³⁺ ions, respectively and several weak bands in the range of 600-700 nm resulting from the 4f transitions of Eu³⁺ ions. As the concentration of Eu³⁺ ions increased, intensities of the blue and yellow emission bands gradually decreased while those of the red emissions increased rapidly and the energy transfer efficiency from Dy³⁺ to Eu³⁺ ions was 95.3% at 20 mol% of Eu³⁺. The optimum white light emission with x=0.363, y=0.357 CIE 1931 chromaticity coordinates was obtained for the sample doped with 5 mol% Dy³⁺ and 1 mol% of Eu³⁺.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.83 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 2022

A nonlinear gas-spring tuned mass damper is proposed to mitigate the seismic responses of the multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) structure, in which the nine-story benchmark model is selected as the controlled object. The nonlinear mechanical properties of the gas-spring are investigated through theoretical analysis and experiments, and the damper's control parameters are designed. The control performance and damping mechanism of the proposed damper attached to the MDOF structure are systematically studied, and its reliability is also explored by parameter sensitivity analysis. The results illustrate that the nonlinear gas-spring TMD can transfer the primary structure's vibration energy from the lower to the higher modes, and consume energy through its own relative movement. The proposed damper has excellent "Reconciling Control Performance", which not only has a comparable control effect as the linear TMD, but also has certain advantages in working stroke. Furthermore, the control parameters of the gas-spring TMD can be determined according to the external excitation amplitude and the gas-spring's initial volume.