• 제목/요약/키워드: Exchangeable calcium

검색결과 163건 처리시간 0.029초

남서해안 고사리 생육지의 토양화학적 특성과 고사리식물체의 무기성분 함량 (Nutrient Contents of Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum L.) and Soil Chemical Properties of Its Habitat in the Coastal Area)

  • 이수영;박강용;박양호
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제43권5호
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    • pp.631-636
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    • 2010
  • 전남 신안군 내 고사리 재배농가들의 기술지원을 위하여 고사리 재배시험을 수행하면서 고사리 생육지의 토양특성을 조사하였고, 나물용 고사리와 성숙고사리의 식물체를 채취하여 이들의 무기성분 함량들을 분석하였으며 또한 고사리를 재배하고 있는 농가들의 포장토양과 고사리 시료들을 채취하여 분석 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 고사리 자생지의 토양은 pH가 5.2, 유기물 19 g $kg^{-1}$, 유효인산 20 mg $kg^{-1}$ 이었고, 치환성 칼륨, 칼슘 및 마그네슘의 함량은 각각 0.32, 2.0, 및 1.3 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$이 었으며, 재배지토양의 화학성은 pH가 5.7, 유기물 13 g$kg^{-1}$, 유효인산 367 mg $kg^{-1}$ 이었고, 치환성 칼륨, 칼슘 및 마그네슘의 함량은 각각 0.81, 4.0, 및 1.4 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$로 고사리 자생지의 토양 pH, 유효인산 및 치환성 칼슘의 함량이 매우 낮았으며, 유기물함량은 다소 높았다. 자생나물용 고사리의 무기성분 함량은 질소 4.40, 인 0.55, 칼륨 3.40, 칼슘 0.22, 마그네슘 0.32, 나트륨 0.09% 이었고, 철은 126, 망간 210, 구리 23, 아연 75, 붕소 11 mg $kg^{-1}$ 이었으며, 재배고사리의 무기성분 함량 중 질소는 5.50, 인 0.73, 칼륨 3.55, 칼슘 0.17, 마그네슘 0.28, 나트륨 0.07% 이었고, 철은 120, 망간 252, 구리 19, 아연 72, 붕소 20 mg $kg^{-1}$ 이었다. 나물용 고사리와 성숙고사리의 무기성분 함량을 비교해 보면 3요소 성분을 비롯한 대부분의 다량성분과 미량성분 모두 나물용고사리에서 높았고, 고사리가 성숙되어 갈수록 낮아지는 경향을 보였으며, 칼슘과 망간의 함량만은 성숙되어 갈수록 높아지는 경향을 나타내었다. 자생고사리와 재배고사리 간의 무기성분 함량을 비교한 결과 질소, 인, 칼륨 등 3요소 성분은 재배고사리에서 높은 경향이었고, 마그네슘 함량은 자생고사리에서 다소 높은 경향을 보였으며 그 외의 성분들은 일정한 경향을 보이지 않았다. 농가의 고사리 재배에서 재배 1년차와 2년차로 구분하여 토양의 화학성과 고사리 생육을 조사한 결과 토양화학성은 pH가 5.5~5.7, 유기물 함량이 13 g $kg^{-1}$, 유효인산이 222~367 mg $kg^{-1}$, 치환성양이온 중 칼륨 0.40~0.81, 칼슘 3.4~4.0, 마그네슘 1.4~1.6 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$이었고, 고사리의 생육은 1년차의 포장은 간장 (지표에서 잎가지가 있는 부분까지)이 25 cm, 입모 수는 13개 $m^{-2}$ 이었으며, 2년차 포장에서는 간장이 89 cm, 입모수가 25개로 조사 되었다.

뼈조직과 세포에서의 칼슘이동기전에 대한 1,25 dihydroxycholecaliciferol과 Ca Ionophore A23187의 영향 (Effects of 1,25 Dihydroxycholecalciferol and Ca Ionophore A23187 on Ca Transports in Bone and Bone Cells)

  • 이선영
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.173-181
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    • 1988
  • Various types of evidence suggest that some changes in cellular in cellular calcium may well signal the initiation of a chain of events leading to the physiological effects of the bone resorbing agents. The effects of 1,25-dihydorxycholecalciferol, $1.25\textrm{(OH)}_2\textrm{D}_3$, Ca ionophore A23187 and calcium antagonist, diltiazem on bone resprption and the cellular transport of Ca were investigated. Bone $^{45}\textrm{Ca}$ desaturation experiment was realized in isolated heterogenous rat bone cells after equilibrating the cells with $^{45}\textrm{Ca}$. Results of $^{45}\textrm{Ca}$ desaturation experiments were analysed by fitting the $^{45}\textrm{Ca}$ desaturation curve to a model of 2 exponential terms which indicated the presence of 2 exchangeable cellular calcium pools. $1.25\textrm{(OH)}_2\textrm{D}_3$ (0.5ng/$m\ell$) induced significantly bone resorption which was decreased by the physiological dose of diltiazeme(above 5nmol/$m\ell$) although it was ineffective alone. Ionophore A23187 (0.2$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$) decreased Ca release from bone but no additivity of effect with diltiazem(20nmol/$m\ell$) was observed. $1.25\textrm{(OH)}_2\textrm{D}_3$ (0.5ng/$10^{6}$ cells) had a moderate effect on the two kinetic phases of $^{45}\textrm{Ca}$ desaturation curve and these values were normalized when diltiazeme (20nmol/$10^{6}$ cells) was added along with $1.25\textrm{(OH)}_2\textrm{D}_3$. Ionophore($0.05\mu\textrm{g}$/$10^{6}$ cells) alone increased specifically the value of the slow turnover rate which was not affected by addition of diltiazem. The hypothesis concerning the involvement of calcium in bone resorption seems in fact to be verified in case of $1.25\textrm{(OH)}_2\textrm{D}_3$ but more unsettled for Ca inophore A23187.

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양송이의 균사생장(菌絲生長) 및 자실체(子寶體) 수량(收量)에 미치는 복토재료(覆土材料)의 이화학적(理化學的) 성질(性質)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (Studies on the Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Different Casing Materials Affecting Mycelial Growth and Yield of Cultivated Mushroom, Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Sing.)

  • 김동수
    • 한국균학회지
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    • 제3권1호
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    • pp.1-19
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    • 1975
  • Since the importance of casing in fruit body formation of Agaricus bisporus has been emphasized, physico-chemical characteristics of casing materials were discussed by many workers and a mixture of peat and mineral soil as proper casing material has been adopted in many of mushroom growing countries. Because of limited resources of peat in Korea, it is necessary to find practical performance and substitutional materials for casing. The effect of casing on mycelial growth and mushroom yield of A. bisporus varied with materials, its combination and practices etc. The experiments to be discussed in this paper are concerned with pH and Ca of casing material which influence A bisporus, and changes of physico-chemical characteristics with mixing ratio of casing materials and its effect on A. bisporus. The optimum range of moisture content of each material, management of watering and application of physico-chemical characteristics casing materials was also investigated and re-use of weathered spent compost for casing material was described. 1. The effect of calcium on mycelial growth of A. bisporus at various pH in Halbschalentest showed different results with calcium sources. Best results were obtained around neutrality and fresh weight of fruit bodies grown in the range of pH 7 to 8 was highest among the tested levels. 2. Available moisture, pore space, organic matter, cation exchangeable capacity and exchangeable cation was increased by an increase of mixing ratio of peat in casing materials, while an adverse effect was obtained by addition of sand. 3. Mycelial growth on clay loam was more rapid at a lower bulk density of 0.75g/cc and at 20% moisture content on a dry weight basis at the same bulk density. 4. Mixing ratio of casing materials, 60 to 80 per cent by volume of peat mixed with 20 to 40 per cent of clay loam produced the highest yield of fresh fruit bodies and sand the lowest. However, per cent of open cap was highest in peat and lowest in sand. 5. Days required for fruit body initiation was shortened in mixtures of peat and clay loam by one to three days compared with other materials and the formation of flushes was clear. 6. The effect of some physico-chemical characteristics of casing materials on the fresh weight of fruit bodies were estimated by a multiple regression equation; Y=-923.86+$8.18X_1+8.04X_2+7.90X_3+0.12X_4+2.03X_5-0.82X_6-0.54X_7$ where $X_1,X_2,X_3,X_4,X_5,X_6,X_7$ are sand, silt, clay, available moistuer, porosity, organic matter and exchangeable cation respectively. The productivity of certain casing material could be predicted from this equation. 7. Fresh weight of fruit bodies was positively correlated with porosity exchangeable cation, organic matter, available moisture, silt and clay of materials; while sand was negatively correlated. On the contrary, sand was the unique factor reducing per cent of open cap. 8. Distribution of three phases of high productive casing material was concentrated in the range of 10 to 30 per cent solids, 15 to 30 per cent liquids, and 50 to 60 per cent in air volume. 9. Fresh weight of fruit bodies from peat was not affected with heavy watering but in clay loam and sandy loam severe crop losses occurred. Fresh weight of individual fruit was increased and open caps were decreased with heavy watering but light watering resulted in adverse effects: its effect was especially great in peat. 10. Optimum range of moisture content by weight on a dry basis was different with each casing material. To maintain optimum moisture content concerned with yield of fruit bodies and open cap, sandy loam and peat mixtures required daily watering of 0.6, 0.6 to 1. 2 and 1.2 to 2.4 liters per $3.3m^2$ of bed area, respectively. 11. Maximum yield of fruit body was recorded in the range of pF 2. 0 to 2. 5 of casing materials if organic matter content was below 4.2 per cent and in pF 1. 3 to 1.8 if above 7.1%. 12. pF curve of a certain casing material could be draws from moisture content at various pF values by multiple regression equations provided texture, organic matter and calcium of the casing material are given. Optimum moisture range of the casing materials also could be estimated by the equation. 13. It was possible to improve the phyico-chemical characteristics of clay loam and sandy loam by addition of weathered spent compost although the effect was less than in the case of peat. Fresh weight of fruit bodies wsa increased by addition of weathered spent compost but its effect was not as remarkable as peat. Accordingly, further studies will be required.

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논토양의 화학성과 질의 장기 변동 (Long-term Monitoring Study of Soil Chemical Contents and Quality in Paddy Fields)

  • 김명숙;김원일;이종식;이계준;조광래;안문섭;최승출;김현주;김영상;최문태;문영훈;안병구;김현우;서영진;이영한;황재종;김유학;하상건
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제43권6호
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    • pp.930-936
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    • 2010
  • 지속농업은 환경의 건전성과 균형을 유지하는 것에 좌우된다. 본 연구는 농촌진흥청과 전국 도 농업기술원이 공동으로 전국 논토양의 화학성분 함량의 현황과 장기적인 변화양상을 파악하기 위하여 1999년부터 4년 1주기로 모니터링한 결과, 토양 화학성 변동 해석과 그에 따른 토양의 질 지표의 변화정도를 예측하고자 수행하였다. 2007년에 조사한 전국 논토양 2,070 지점의 평균 화학성은 pH 5.8, 유기물 24 g $kg^{-1}$, 유효인산 132 mg $kg^{-1}$, 유효규산 126 mg $kg^{-1}$이었고, 치환성 칼륨, 칼슘 및 마그네슘은 각각 0.32, 4.7, 1.3 $cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$이었다. 장기적인 변화에서는 pH는 약간 증가하였으나 치환성 칼륨은 다소 감소하였다. 그러나, 치환성 칼슘과 유효규산 함량은 지속적으로 가장 많이 증가하였다. 그리고 논토양의 화학성 질 지표는 2007년까지 점점 향상되고 있었으며 유효규산의 질 지표 변화량이 가장 높아 전체 질 지표에 미치는 영향이 가장 컸음을 알 수 있었다.

경남지역 단감 재배 토양의 화학성 변화 평가 (Seasonal Change in the Soil Chemical Properties from Sweet Persimmon Orchard in Gyeongnam Province)

  • 이영한;최성태;이성태;홍광표;송원두;이진호;조주식
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제43권5호
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    • pp.572-577
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    • 2010
  • 경남지역 단감 재배 토양의 양분관리를 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 창원 7, 마산 1, 진주 6, 사천 3, 김해 5, 밀양 2, 함안 2, 창녕 1, 하동 3, 산청 1 등 31개 지점을 선정하였고 4월부터 10월까지 2개월 단위로 4회 조사하였다. 표토와 심토의 pH 값은 4월에 비해6월 이후 유의적인 증가를 나타냈으며 적정수준인 6.0-6.5 보다 낮았다. 반면, 암모니아태 질소 함량과 질산태 질소 함량은 4월 보다 6월 이후 유의적인 감소를 나타냈다. 표토와 심토의 pH는 적정수준인 6.0-6.5 보다 부족한 비율이 각각 69.4%와 84.7%로 매우 높게 나타나 경남지역 단감 재배 토양의 pH 교정을 위해 토양개량제 공급이 시급한 것으로 판단되었다. 토양 유기물 함량도 적정수준인 25-35 g $kg^{-1}$ 분포비율은 표토 13.7%, 심토 4.0%로 매우 낮았으며 부족한 비율이 각각 63.7% 및 84.7%로 매우 높아 적절한 유기물 공급이 필수적인 것으로 나타났다. 유효인산 함량은 적정수준인 200-300 mg $kg^{-1}$보다 초과된 비율은 표토 70.2%, 심토 46.8% 였으며 토양 유기물 함량 (r=0.339, $p{\leq}0.001$)과 고도의 유의적인 정의상관을 보여 가축분 퇴비 과다 시용에 대한 주의가 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

답토양(畓土壤)에서 Strontium-90의 탈착(脫着)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (Studies on the Desorption of $Sr^{90}$ from Paddy Soil)

  • 김재성;임수길;이영일;정규회
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제6권2호
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    • pp.31-38
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    • 1987
  • 방사성핵종중(放射性核種中) 식물(植物) 흡수율(吸收率)이 높은 $Sr^{90}$을 5개 답토양(畓土壤)에 처리(處理)하여 흡착(吸着)시킨 후 $Sr^{90}$ 탈착(脫着)에 대한 답토양(畓土壤)의 이(理)${\cdot}$화학적(化學的) 성질(性質)의 영향(影響)과 토양내(土壤內)에서의 형태별(形態別) 분포상태(分布狀態)을 조사(調査)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 답토양(畓土壤)에 흡착(吸着)시킬 $Sr^{90}$의 대부분은 치환성(置換性)과 수용성(水溶性)이었고 특히 치환성함량(置換性含量)이 매우 높았고 그 량(量)은 $Sr^{90}$처리량(處理量)과 정비례적(正比例的)으로 증가(增加)하였으나 이에 반하여 Ca처리(處理)에 의해서는 감소(減少)되었다. 2. 답토양(畓土壤)에서의 $Sr^{90}$ 존재형태(存在形態)는 토양통(土壤統)에 따라서 차이가 있으나 평균적으로 치환성(置換性)이 59.3%, 수용성(水溶性)이 28.6%, 비치환성(非置換性)이 12.6%로 나타났다. 3. 비치환성형태(非置換性形態)로 전환되는 $Sr^{90}$량(量)은 Illite함량(含量)이 높고 Vermiculite함량(含量)이 적은 토양(土壤)에서 높았다. 4. 토양(土壤)에 흡착(吸着)된 $Sr^{90}$의 형태중(形態中) 수용성(水溶性)과 치환성(置換性) $Sr^{90}$의 탈착량(脫着量)은 토양(土壤) pH 와 치환성염기(置換性鹽基) 함량(含量)의 증가(增加)에 따라 감소(減少)하였고 유기물(有機物)과 점토함량(粘土含量)의 증가(增加)에 따라서는 증가(增加)하였다.

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Evaluation of Field Application of Soil Conditioner and Planting Chrysanthemum zawadskii on the Roadside Soils Damaged by Deicing Agents

  • Yang, Ji;Lee, Jae-Man;Yoon, Yong-Han;Ju, Jin-Hee
    • 인간식물환경학회지
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    • 제23권6호
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    • pp.625-636
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    • 2020
  • Background and objects: Soil contamination caused by CaCl2 that is used to deice slippery roads in winter is now recognized as one of the major causes of damage of roadside plants. The aim of this study is to identify the salt mitigation effects of planting Chrysanthemum zawadskii and using a soil conditioner. Methods: The study was conducted at the site where Pinus densiflora f. multicaulis was planted on the roadside between Konkuk University Sageori and Danwol Samgeori located in Chungju-si. We classified the soils collected from the field experimental site according to the degree of the damage caused by deicing agents and divided the site into six blocks of three 80 × 80 cm plots replicated by treatment type. Three selected plots were treated with loess-balls on the soil surface (high salinity with loess-balls, medium salinity with loess-balls, low salinity with loess-balls) and three were left as an untreated control (H = high salinity, M = medium salinity, L = low salinity). The soil properties were measured including pH, EC and exchangeable cations as well as the growth of Chrysanthemum zawadskiia. Results: In the results of soil analysis, pH before planting Chrysanthemum zawadskiia was 6.39-6.74 and in September, five months after planting, the acidity was reduced to 5.43-5.89. Electrical conductivity (EC) was measured to be H > M > L with the higher degree of damage by deicing agents. The analysis of deicing exchangeable cations showed that the content of Ca2+ of soils were significantly correlated to deicing exchangeable cations (Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+) in the shoot part of Chrysanthemum zawadskii. The loess-ball treatment showed a lower content of deicing exchangeable cations than the treatment where Chrysanthemum zawadskiia was planted. Conclusion: In this study, the use of a new system made of loess-balls is proposed as a soil conditioner to protect soils from the adverse effects of road deicing salts. These data suggest that treatment of soil conditioners and planting Chrysanthemum zawadskiia are effective in mitigation of salt stress on the soils damaged by deicing agents.

인천 소래 간석지내 두개의 칠면초 ( Suadeda japonica ) 개체군간의 차이에 관하여 (Difference of Suaeda japonica Populations from two Different Habitats in Sorae, Incheon, Korea)

  • Lee, Kun-Seop;Oh, Kye-Chil
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.133-144
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    • 1989
  • The morphology and flowering time of two Suaeda japonica populations from different habitats, the creek and the bank of the mudflat in Sorae, were surveyed. And standard transplantation and reciprocal transplantation were carried out to determine whether their characteristics were genetically fixed or not. Also soil sample of these habitats were analyzed. The amounts of loss on ignition, maximum field capacity, total nitrogen, exchangeable calcium and potassium, and soluble phosphorus were found to be significantly different between two habitats. Leaf thickness, leaf width, leaf length, stem height number of branches, and number of seeds were significantly different between plants of two populations. And flowering times of two populations did not overlap. According to the results of transplantation, leaf width, leaf thickness, and flowering times were the same as those at their original habitat. But the stem lenght, leaf lenght, number of branches and unmber of seeds were not. Therefore, the differences in the leaf length, leaf thickness, and flowering time seemed to bo genetically fixed. It were suggested that the creek bank populations of Suaeda japoinica were to be considered as different ecotypes.

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원주지역 산지초지의 연간 생초수량과 버려진 초지의 식생천이에 관한 연구 (Annual Flesh Weight Yield of Oversowing Grassland and Vegetation Succession of Abandoned Grassland in Wonju area)

  • 이성규
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.257-264
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    • 1997
  • This study was conducted to assess present situiatioq of oversowing grassland yield and vegetational succession of abondoned since 6 years passed grassland in Wonju. The highest annual h s h weight yield was 28ton/ ha and the lowest was I lton/ha and the grass rate of investigated oversowing grasslands were range from 19.5% to 9lS%. The soil properties of abandoned oversowing grassland, such as soil pH content of organic matter, available phosphorus, exchangeable potasium, calcium, and magnesium were 5.7, 3.88%, 3lppm, O.lme1100g 4.9meI 100g and 2.3me/100g, respectively. The floristic composition of abandoned grassland were composed 26 species of vascular plants. The dominant species based on SDR, of grassland were Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens(56.32%). Artemisia feddei(48.62%) and Dactylis glomerata(43.85%). The biological spectra showed the H-$D_1$-$R_5$-e type.

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금속광체상에 나타나는 식물에 관한 생리생태학적 연구 1. 아연광지대의 지표종과 식생 (Physiological and Ecological Studies on the Vegetation on Ore Deposits 1. Zinc Flora and Indicator Plants on the 2nd Yunwha Mine)

  • 장남기
    • Journal of Plant Biology
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.45-52
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    • 1977
  • During the period of 1975-76, a survey was carried out to find out zinc indicators in the natural vegetation in Korea. The symptoms fo chlorosis were observed in flowering plants in the areas of zinc outcrop of Wolgok-A, Seokgok-9, and Sowolgok. Although 28 species were found to be chlorotic, the total quantity of chlorotic foliage observed was small. Reasons for chlorosis in the areas of zinc are deposits is considered as effects of zinc, lead, copper and calcium ions. Sedum sp. and Dianthus sinensis were confined to soil containing more than exchangeable zinc of 30 ppm and to accumulation in the plants contained at least 1,300-14,000 ppm of zinc. Therefore Sedum sp. and Dianthus sinensis might be used as zinc indicators in Korea.

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