• Asian review of World Histories
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.171-200
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• 2015

At its simplest, this essay provides a narrative of migration in Asia since the arrival of Homo sapiens some 70,000 years ago. More fully, it presents the case for conducting long-term, world-historical interpretation for Asia with attention to multiple perspectives, which has become increasingly central to global historical analysis. Following an introductory articulation of the benefits of long-term interpretation, the second section presents a balance of three perspectives-empire, exchange, and migration-as frameworks for interpreting the Asian past. The third section presents further detail on migration in long-term Asian history. The concluding section identifies four changes in patterns of migration during the past two centuries and emphasizes the underlying importance of cross-community migration in long-term human biological and social evolution.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.35-53
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• 2009

The theme-type self-harvest concept proposed in this research will be applied as a relevant reference in planning and realizing urban-rural exchange facilities at the village level. The aim of this paper is to describe the concept, to characterize the self-harvesters and organic farmers involved, to illustrate the ecological, economic and social interaction and the possible constraints of the concept. What is more important, however, is to develop programs for consultants, organic farmers and green-minded consumers, to vitalize direct transaction. The proponents of self-harvest are convinced that this concept leads to ecological, economic and social benefits, which will help to design a sustainable food supply system for small, medium and large cities.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.710-718
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• 2012

The implementation of a common control channel is one of the most challenging issues in cognitive radio networks, since a fully reliable control channel cannot be created without reserving bandwidth specifically for this purpose. In this paper, we investigate a promising solution that exploits the ultra wide band (UWB) technology to let cognitive radio nodes discover each other and exchange control information for establishing a communication link. The contribution of this paper is threefold: (i) We define the communication protocol needed to let cognitive radio nodes discover each other and exchange control information for link set up, (ii) we overcome the gap in coverage, which typically exists between UWB and long-medium range technologies, by using multi-hop communication, (iii) we evaluate the performance of our approach by adopting an accurate channel model and show its benefits with respect to an in-band signaling solution.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2018

Common Maritime Data Structure (CMDS) is commonly used by shore and ship users in e-Navigation data domain. In the overarching of e-Navigation architecture, IHO uses S-1XX, a digital exchange standard for next-generation marine information, as data exchange standard. The current CMDS has the advantage of intuitively recognizing the overall structure of e-Navigation. However, it has disadvantage in that it does not allow stakeholders to easily understand benefits that e-Navigation can provide when implementing e-Navigation. In this study, the direction of improving existing system for effective e-Navigation implementation was proposed considering RCOs (Risk Control Options) with expected composition of ship/ shore/ communication system by sector.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.239-258
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• 1996

This study deals with the measurement of relational norms, a safeguard for sustained exchange relationshipsim marketing channel systems. Here, the relational norm items are hypothesized to have a second-order factor model, in which mine observed items originate from the three first-order factors and the first order factors in turn originate from a second-order factor. The three first order construe comprising a higher order norm are mutuality(equity in the distribution of benefits and burdens over the course of the exchange on a long term basis), flexibility(expectation of friendly adaption for possible circumstance changes), and solidarity (the degree to which the preservation of the unique and continuing relationship is internalized by the exchange partners as being important in and of itself). 113 research questionnaires are obtained from four industries such as construction, telecommunication, iron, and electric ＆ electronic industries, Reliability and nomological. discriminant validity are tested, and in using the confirmatory factor analysis of Lisrel 7.16, and the chi-square difference test it is tested which has a better satisfactory fit to the data, the first-order model or the second-order one. The results of this study indicates that relational norms have a second order construct. In the electric and electronic industry the model as a while has a satisfactory fit to the data and the relevant first- and second-order factor loading to the mutuality is not significant. Same Results are happened to the flexibility in the telecommunication industry and to the mutuality and flexibility in the inn industry. In sum, the model lends support to our construct, but it is difficult to apply the measurement model to all kinds of industries.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.158-162
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• 2006

Historically, spectrum use has been increased through use of high frequencies, improved modulation, and between antenna techniques. However, these approaches are reaching practical limits. Cognitive radio allows new approaches to improve the intensity of use in spectrum which is licensed but under utilized. This paper addresses two such possible approaches. Real time spectrum markets permit users to exchange spectrum use. Interruptible spectrum would allow public sector spectrum users to recoup economic benefits for allowing others to share their low average, high peak use spectrum subject to preemption.

• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.59-71
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• 1999

In this paper, we present implemetnations of subcontract management system using intranet. Subcontract management is including the support functions such as process control, official documents exchange, and transmission of subcontract management policy carried out by a big companys subcontract management department. By the use of the developed system, both big company and subcontract company are expected to have benefits from a consistent management of information and a strong access function through the internet. Also, it will reduce time lag ocurred a legacy management between two companies in the past.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제8권11호
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• pp.286-295
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• 2008

본 연구는 점포충성도에 영향을 미치는 브랜드만족, 브랜드신뢰, 점포만족, 점포신뢰 간의 구조적 관계를 검증하였다. 분석결과 점포충성도는 단순하게 브랜드나 점포 각각에 대한 만족과 신뢰 형성보다는 브랜드와 점포가 결합된 만족과 신뢰를 제공함으로써 강력한 점포충성도를 형성할 수 있었다. 또한 점포충성도 형성 과정으로는 관계지향적 고객의 경우 브랜드만족이 브랜드신뢰에 영향을 주고, 브랜드신뢰는 점포신뢰에 영향을 주어 점포충성도를 형성하였고, 거래지향적 고객의 경우 브랜드만족이 점포만족에 영향을 주어 직접적으로 점포충성도를 형성하는 두 가지 경로를 확인하였다. 따라서 관계지향적 고객에게는 소비자가 점포브랜드에 신뢰할 수 있도록 차별화할 수 있는 파워브랜드를 제공하여야 하고, 거래지향적 고객에게는 점포에 만족할 수 있도록 점포환경을 개선하고 서비스를 강화하여야 하는 마케팅시사점을 제공한다.

• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.179-222
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• 2011

본 연구는 영업사원-고객간 관계에서 영업사원과 고객간의 관계특성이 영업사원 이직에 따른 고객의 동반이탈의도에 미치는 영향을 검증하고 있다. 본 연구는 동반이탈의 선행변수로 관계마케팅에서의 핵심 개념인 관계의 질, 즉 영업사원에 대한 고객만족, 고객신뢰, 고객충성도와 함께 사회교환이론에서의 관계혜택과 전환비용을 다루고 있다. 국내 생명보험회사를 대상으로 보험계약에서 영업사원을 통해 가입한 503명의 고객으로부터 서베이 방식으로 수집한 자료를 실증분석한 결과, 영업사원에 대한 고객만족과 고객신뢰가 영업사원에 대한 고객충성도에는 강한 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었으나 동반이탈에는 직접적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 고객의 영업사원에 대한 충성도가 지각된 관계혜택에 미치는 영향은 모두 유의하였으며 또한 지각된 전환비용에 미치는 영향도 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 고객의 영업사원에 대한 충성도가 동반이탈의도에 미치는 직접효과는 유의하지 않았으나 지각된 관계혜택과 지각된 전환비용을 통한 간접효과는 유의하게 나타났다. 지각된 관계혜택의 세 가지 하위차원은 모두 동반이탈의도에 정(+)의 유의적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 지각된 전환비용은 동반이탈의도에 부(-)의 유의적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 추가분석을 통하여 경쟁모델과 연구모델을 비교하여 기존 연구와의 차이를 밝히고 있으며, 분석 결과를 토대로 이론 및 경영상의 시사점을 제시하고 있다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제43권
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• pp.169-198
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• 2009

This paper sees some legal phases of the forfaiting transactions performed by using bills of exchange (drafts) or promissory notes. It focuses on the issues of the endorsement without recourse and the aval under the Korean statute for such negotiable instruments which is enacted by succeeding to the Convention Providing a Uniform Law For Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes (Geneva, 1930) of the League of Nations. This paper purposes to give basic legal guides for forfaiting participants in order for them to be able to prevent and solve some problems caused by lack of understanding for relevant rules of law. Forfaiting is a useful technic as it provides financing for international export businesses by enabling forfaiters to discount future payment obligations on non-recourse basis. It gives benefits to exporters by removing political, transfer and commercial risks of importers or their country. Also it protects exporters from the risks of the increase of interest rates and the fluctuation of exchange rate as well. In traditionally normal forfaiting transactions, exporter of goods generally takes promissory notes or accepted drafts from importers in payment for the price of goods. Further, when the exporter is not comfortable with the importer's credit or is not confident whether the importer will pay the accepted drafts or the promissory notes as they come due, the exporter nomally requires the importer to make the importer's bank (avalizer or guarantor) add an aval, which is made by the written expression of intention, the words of "per aval", and the guarantor's signature on the drafts or promissory notes. The exporter endorses without recourse to transfer the drafts or the promissory notes to the forfaiter, typically a bank, who purchases the drafts or the promissory notes without recourse.