• 제목/요약/키워드: Excess cancer risk

검색결과 89건 처리시간 0.022초

다소비 식품 중, ethyl carbamate의 분포측정 및 위해성 평가 (Monitoring and Risk Assessment of Ethyl Carbamate in Korean Major Foods)

  • 홍권표;노이우;강윤석;정동채;박새롬;윤지호;배동호
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제50권1호
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    • pp.29-35
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    • 2007
  • 국내 다소비 식품과 선택된 주류 내의 발효 중에 자연발생하는 발암기능물질인 ethyl carbamate의 함량과 일일섭취량, 초과발암위해도를 GC/MS/SIM으로 분석하였다. 배추김치, 왜간장, 소주, 과일주에 각각 평균 1.41, 19.44, 3.00, 170.88 ${\mu}$g/kg이 함유되어 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 20-64세 여성의 경우, 국내 다소비 식품과 주류에 의해 ethyl carbamate 노출량은 평균 9.42ng/kg, 최대 35.75ng/kg으로 나타났고, 남성의 경우, 평균 12.73 ng/kg, 최대 48.87 ng/kg으로 나타났으며 이는 주로 배추김치, 왜간장, 소주, 과일주에 의한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 한국 여성의 초과발암위해도는 평균 $4.7{\times}10^{-7}$ 최대 $1.8{\times}10^{-6}$, 남성은 평균 $6.4{\times}10^{-7}$ 최대 $2.4{\times}10^{-6}$로 위해성이 있는 것으로 평가되어 식품업계의 ethyl carbamate 저감화 노력이 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

일부 미적용 다중이용시설의 실내 공기 중 알데히드류 및 휘발성유기화합물 노출로 인한 건강위해성 평가 (Health Risk Assessment of Occupants in the Small-Scale Public Facilites for Aldehydes and VOCs)

  • 양지연;김호현;신동천;김윤신;손종렬;임준환;임영욱
    • 한국환경과학회지
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.45-56
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    • 2008
  • This study was to assess the lifetime cancer and non-cancer risk of exposure of worker and user at public facilities in Korea to volatile organic compounds (VOCs). We measured the concentrations of two aldehydes and five VOCs in indoor air at 424 public buildings that 8 kinds of public facilities (70 movie theaters, 86 offices, 86 restaurants, 70 academies, 22 auditoriums, 30 PC-rooms, 30 singing-rooms and 30 bars) all over the country. There were estimated the human exposure dose and risks with averages of the using-time and frequency for facility users and office workers, respectively. Carcinogens (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and benzene) were estimated the lifetime excess cancer risks (ECRs). non-carcinogens (toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and styrene) were estimated the hazard quotients (HQs). The average ECRs of formaldehyde and benzene for facility worker and user were $1{\times}10^{-3}{\sim}1{\times}10^{-4}\;and\;1{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}1{\times}10^{-5}$ level, respectively, in all facilities. HQs of four non-carcinogens did not exceed 1.0 for all subjects in all facilities. The estimated ECRs for restaurant and auditorium were the highest, and the PC-room and bar were the next higher facilities. Furthermore, people in a smoking facility had the highest cancer risk. Higher ECRs of formaldehyde and benzene were observed in indoor smoking facilities such as restaurant and auditorium. Higher HQs of toluene and xylene were observed at the restaurant and office building.

폐광산 지역의 비소오염에 대한 복원목표 설정 - 미래 토지용도를 고려한 접근방법 - (Identification of soil Remedial Goal due to Arsenic in Soil near Abandoned Mine- Approach to Regarding Future Land Use -)

  • 이효민;윤은경;최시내;박송자;황경엽;조성용;김선태
    • 한국토양환경학회지
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    • 제3권2호
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    • pp.13-29
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    • 1998
  • 최근, 오염된 토양에 의한 유해영향들이 보고되면서 보건관리차원에서 토양복원에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 영남지역에 위치하고 있는 5곳의 폐광산지역(다락광산, 다덕광산, 진곡광산, 달성광산, 일광광산)을 대상으로 광산입구와 주변지역의 토양중 비소오염도를 조사하였고, 위해성평가 방법론을 활용하여 오염된 토양에 의한 인체노출경로를 확인하고, 장기적인 노출시 만성일일노출량과 초과발암위해도를 계산하므로, 지역의 미래토지이용도를 고려한 복원목표를 설정하였다. 비소는 인체발암물질(Human Carcinogen, IRIS 1997)로 구분되는 유독물질로서 경구노출에 의해 피부암 유병율이 통계학적으로 유의하게 높은 것으로 알려지고 있다. 토양중 비소는 구강을 통한 직접섭취, 피부흡수, 토양비소가 식물로 전달된 식품의 섭취를 통해 인체에 노출될 수 있다. 광산별 비소오염도 수준은 다덕광산이 가장 높아, 평균값이 1950mg/kg 이었으며, 진곡광산도 1690mg/kg수준으로 높았고, 오염도 순위는 다덕광산, 진곡광산, 일광광산, 달성광산, 다락광산순이었다. 비소오염도에 근거한 토지용도별 위해도치 계산을 위하여 미래의 토지용도를 주거지역, 농경지역 상업지역, 공장지역으로 구분하고 각각의 노출시나리오(토양섭취, 피부흡수, 식품을 통한 노출)를 설정하여 지역별 만성일일노출량을 구하고, 발암력 $1.5(mg/kg/day)^{-1}$ (IRIS, 1997)을 환산함으로써 비소에 대한 피부암 초과발암위해도치를 구한 결과, 계산된 95th값 수준은 주거지역, 농경지역의 경우 모든 광산이 $10^{-4}$이상 수준이었고 상업지역의 경우는 다락광산이 6$\times$$10^{-8}$수준으로 가장 낮았으며, 공장지역의 경우는 3$\times$$10^{-8}$ 수준으로 다락광산이 가장 낮았다. 비소의 복원목표 설정을 위해 초과발암위해도 수준 $10^{-6}$을 허용수준으로 하였을 경우 현 상태에서 복원작업 없이도 토지활용이 가능한 광산으로 $10^{-8}$ 수준의 위해도치를 나타낸 다락광산의 경우 상업지역과 공장지역으로의 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다 또한 허용위해도 수준을 $10^{-6}$ 수준으로 하고 토양의 비소오염도 수준을 역추적하므로 구한 복원목표치는 주거지역, 농경지역, 상업지역, 공장지역의 경우 각각 0.02mg/kg, 0.003mg/kg, 97.31mg/kg, 194.62mg/kg수준으로 추계되었다. 즉, 일광광산의 경우 공장지역으로 활용코자 한다면 지역의 비소오염도 수준을 194.62mg/kg이하 수준(복원목표수준)으로 낮춰야 한다.

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Potential Study Perspectives on Mechanisms and Correlations Between Adiposity and Malignancy

  • Lu, Kun;Song, Xiao-Lian;Han, Shi-Long;Wang, Chang-Hui;Zhong, Ni;Qi, Li-Feng
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.1057-1060
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    • 2014
  • Adiposity is a well-recognized risk factor of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and recently there is increasing evidence that excess body weight is an avoidable cause of cancer, including gastrointestinal, endometrial, esophageal adenocarcinoma, colorectal, postmenopausal breast, prostate, and renal malignancies. The mechanisms whereby adiposity is associated with tumor development remains not well understood. There are some most studied hypothesized mechanisms such as, high levels of insulin and free levels of insulin-like growth factors, sex hormones, adipocytokines, and inflammatory cytokines, adiposity-induced hypoxia, and so on. The potential mechanisms and conclusions in adiposity associated with increased risk for developing malignancy, and the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms will be studied very well in the near future.

강원도 횡성지역의 지하수 수질 모니터링 및 인체 위해성 평가 (Water Quality Monitoring and Risk Assessment for Groundwater at Hoengseong, Gangwon-do Province)

  • 강승혜;김기태
    • 한국환경보건학회지
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    • 제47권4호
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    • pp.356-365
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    • 2021
  • Background: Concerns have been raised regarding the criteria of groundwater, in particular in Gwangwon-do Province where many residents drink groundwater due to the poor supply of tap water and a high nonconformity rate with water quality criteria nationwide. Objectives: Water quality monitoring and risk assessment were conducted for groundwater in Hoengseong, Gangwon-do Province. Methods: A total of 46 items required for meeting drinking water criteria were analyzed from 258 samples collected from March 2017 through August 2018 (152 sites in 2017 and 106 sites in 2018). Risk assessment was conducted for two non-carcinogens (F- and NO3-N), and one carcinogen (i.e., arsenic) based on their high nonconformity to water quality criteria. Results: Water quality analysis revealed that the total proportion of nonconformities was determined to be 27.9%. The nonconformity rate for each content item is as follows: total colony counts (1.6%), total coliform (6.2%), Escherichia coli (1.2%), F- (8.1%), arsenic (4.7%), NO3-N (8.1%), pH (1.2%), manganese (0.4%), and turbidity (5.8%). Risk assessment indicated that fluoride induced a hazard quotient greater than 1 with the 95% UCL (Upper Confidence Limit) concentration of the total 258 sites and average, median, and 95% UCL concentrations of nonconformity sites. For NO3-N, there was no human health risk. For arsenic, the excess cancer risk exceeded the acceptable cancer risk of 1×10-6 with the average and 95% UCL concentrations of total 258 sites and average, median, and 95% UCL concentrations of nonconformity sites. Conclusions: This study suggests that it is necessary to expand water quality monitoring of groundwater and conduct a more detailed risk assessment in order to establish a health care plan for the residents of Hoengseong, Gangwon-do Province.

대산 석유화학 산업단지 인근 지역에서의 BTEX 인체 위해성 평가 (Human Health Risk Assessment of BTEX from Daesan Petrochemical Industrial Complex)

  • 이지형;장용철;천광수;김보라
    • 환경영향평가
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    • 제31권5호
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    • pp.321-333
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    • 2022
  • 본 연구에서는 대산 석유화학 산업단지에서 배출되는 BTEX (benzene toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene)의 농도 및 분포 특성을 조사하여 지역주민에 대한 잠재적 위해성을 파악하였다. 산업단지 인근 지역주민들은 다양한 매체(공기, 물, 토양), 특히 공기를 통해 화학물질에 노출될 수 있다. 이 연구는 결정론적 및 확률론적 위해성 평가 접근 방식을 모두 사용하여 흡입에 의한 인체 건강 위험을 평가하였다. 결정론적 위해성 평가 결과 모든 지점에 대해 비발암 위해도의 유해지수(HI) 1.0보다 훨씬 낮은 결과가 나타났다. 그러나 발암 위해성 평가 결과, 산업단지 내에 위치한 A 지점에서 벤젠에 대한 초과발암위해도는 2.28×10-6로 기준치인 1.0×10-6을 약간 상회하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 해당 지점에 대한 확률론적 위해성 평가 결과, 보수적 기준인 1.0×10-6을 초과하는 Percentile은 45.3%로 나타났으며, 민감도 분석 결과 노출시간(ET)가 결과에 미치는 영향이 가장 크다고 판단되었다. 인체 위해성 평가 결과, 에틸벤젠, 톨루엔, 자일렌에 대해서는 인체에 위해한 영향이 적은 것으로 판단되었으나, 벤젠은 초과발암위해도 기준(1.0×10-6)을 초과하는 것으로 나타났다. 산업단지에서 공기 중 VOCs에 대한 광범위한 모니터링을 통해 이러한 잠재적 위험을 평가하기 위한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

Natural radioactivity level in fly ash samples and radiological hazard at the landfill area of the coal-fired power plant complex, Vietnam

  • Loan, Truong Thi Hong;Ba, Vu Ngoc;Thien, Bui Ngoc
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제54권4호
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    • pp.1431-1438
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    • 2022
  • In this study, natural radioactivity concentrations and dosimetric values of fly ash samples were evaluated for the landfill area of the coal-fired power plant (CFPP) complex at Binh Thuan, Vietnam. The average activity concentrations of 238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were 93, 77, 92 and 938 Bq kg-1, respectively. The average results for radon dose, indoor external, internal, and total effective dose equivalent (TEDE) were 5.27, 1.22, 0.16, and 6.65 mSv y-1, respectively. The average emanation fraction for fly ash were 0.028. The excess lifetime cancer risks (ELCR) were recorded as 20.30×10-3, 4.26×10-3, 0.62×10-3, and 25.61×10-3 for radon, indoor, outdoor exposures, and total ELCR, respectively. The results indicated that the cover of shielding materials above the landfill area significantly decreased the gamma radiation from the ash and slag in the ascending order: Zeolite < PVC < Soil < Concrete. Total dose of all radionuclides in the landfill site reached its peak at 19.8 years. The obtained data are useful for evaluation of radiation safety when fly ash is used for building material as well as the radiation risk and the overload of the landfill area from operation of these plants for population and workers.

대기중 복합물질의 돌연변이원성과 인체 위해도 (Health Risk of Airborne Complex Mixtures Based on their Mutagenicity)

  • 박성은;정용
    • 한국대기환경학회지
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.269-278
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    • 1996
  • Airborne suspended particulates were collected by an Andersen high volume air sampler in a traffic area of Seoul from September 1990 to August 1991. Origanic matter extracted from particulates, their fractions, namely acidic, basic, neutral and carcinogenic subfractions (PAHs, nitroarenes) in neutral fractions were assayed for mutagenicity on TA98, TA100 and TA98NR deficient Salmonella strains, use of the pre-incubation method. The relative contribution to total mutanenicity of organic matters was highest in neutral fraction and was lowest in basic fraction. Among subfractions, that of neutral fraction was higher nitroarenes subfraction compared to PAHs subfraction. While the carcinogenic effect of benzo[a]pyrene was calculated as 0.96 persons/million persons based on unit risk estimates by extrapolation method, life time excess cancer risk estimate of EOM, neutral, PAH fraction based on their mutagenicity was calculated as 52, 42, 3.8 persons/million persons, respectively. These findings indicate that the mutagenic hazard of the partciculate, air organic complex mixture, may be dependent upon the mutagen composition in the particulate and interactions each of them. Therfore, health risk from air organic complex mixtures based on mutagenicity might be useful indicator for evaluation of actual risk.

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대학 실험실에서의 유기화합물 노출에 의한 건강위험성 평가에 관한 연구 (A Study on Health Risk Assessment by Exposure to Organic Compounds in University Laboratory)

  • 심상효;원정일;전하섭;김도원
    • 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.49-60
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    • 2021
  • Objectives: Laboratories have various latent physical, chemical, biological, and ergonomical factors according to the diversification and fusion of research and development activities. This study aims to investigate the chemical exposure concentrations of college laboratories and evaluate their health risks, and use them as basic data to promote the health of college students. Methods: The sampling and analysis of harmful chemicals in the air in laboratories were performed using Method 1500 of the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)의 Method 1500. The harmful chemicals in the laboratories were divided into carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic chemicals. Risk assessment was performed using the cancer risk (CR) for carcinogenic chemicals and using the hazard index (HI) for non-carcinogenic chemicals. Results: The harmful chemicals in college laboratories consisted of acetone, diethyl ether, methylene chloride, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, and xylenes. They showed the highest concentrations in laboratories A (acetone 0.001~2.34ppm), B (chloroform 0.95~6.35ppm), C (diethyl ether 0.08~8.68ppm), and D (acetone 0.07~14.96ppm). The risk assessment result for non-carcinogenic chemicals showed that the HI of methylene chloride was 2.052 for men and 2.333 for women, the HI of N-hexane was 4.442 for men and 5.05 for women. Thus, the HI values were higher than 1. The risk of carcinogenic chemicals is determined by an excess cancer risk (ECR) value of 1.0×10-5, which means that one in 100,000 people has a cancer risk. The ECRs of chloroform exceeded 1.0×10-5 for both men and women, indicating the possibility of cancer risk. Conclusion: College laboratories showed the possibility of non-carcinogenic health risks for methylene chloride, n-hexane, tetrahydrofuran (THF), toluene, and xylenes, and carcinogenic health risks for chloroform, methylene chloride. However, this study used the maximum values of measurements to determine the worst case, and assumed that the subjects were exposed to the corresponding concentrations continuously for 8 hours per day for 300 days per year. In consideration of the nature of laboratory environment in which people are intermittently exposed, rather than continuously, to the chemicals, the results of this study has an element of overestimation.