• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.66-73
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• 2013

Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) system was introduced to manage pollution load of watershed and to improve water quality of unit watershed so that it is possible to protect dringking water soureces. Load allocation observation is the most important factor in TMDLs system. Because if load allocation is not observed, it is difficult to achieve water quality goal of unit watershed. Also it is impossible to improve water quality of the drinking water sources. Therefore it is necessary to apply some kind of sanctions (penalty) in case of excess of load allocation. The sanctions have to be, however, applied differently based on various reduction plan types, i.e., using the reduction load planed in 2nd phase, delay the completion, additional reduction in 2nd phase, error of the pollution sources, etc. Moreover, the penalty load should be properly imposed, lest it should be overburden the provence. The reduction load trade inter province must be restrictively permmitted only the same unit watershed.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.263-287
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• 2009

This paper aims at examining whether the current Korean customs punishment system is appropriate and reasonable for eliminating customs offenses, such as smuggling, and explores ways to improve the penal provisions of customs law. The current multiple fine system, governed by the penalty for evasion of customs duty, penalty for abatement and exemption by fraud or unfair practices and penalty for drawback by fraud or unfair practices, clearly violates a sense of responsibility and the constitutional principle of no excess punishment. Therefore it should be changed to a fixed fine system and confiscate and collect in addition the items with customs evasion and exemption by fraud or unfair practices.

• 경영정보학연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.71-94
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• 2017

추천 시스템은 정보 과부하를 줄여 선택의 질을 높이는 기술로 다양한 분야에서 활용되고 있다. 기존의 추천 시스템 연구는 주로 영화나 음악과 같은 단순한 콘텐츠 추천을 대상으로 했으며, 추천 수량과 기존에 경험했던 상품의 재 추천이 고려되지 않았다. 하지만 다양한 분야에서 추천 시스템의 수요가 증가함에 따라 추천 수량과 재 추천을 고려한 보다 범용적이고 확장된 추천 시스템 개발이 필요한 시점이다. 또 기존 추천 시스템은 온라인 상에서 개별 고객을 대상으로 하는 경우가 많았는데, 오프라인 상에서 개별 고객이 아닌 매장에도 추천 시스템을 적용할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 추천 시스템 분야에서 많이 활용되는 사용자 기반 협업 필터링 알고리즘에서 추천 수량과 재 추천을 고려하는 방법을 제안하고, 이를 오프라인 의류 매장의 재고 관리 문제에 적용함으로써 다양한 분야에 추천 시스템을 활용할 수 있음을 보인다. 제안한 방법을 통해 각 매장에 수요가 높을 것으로 예측되는 상품과 예상 판매 수량을 예측하여, 해당 상품을 진열할 것을 추천하며, 이는 MAE, Precision, Recall, F1 measure 관점에서 기준 모델보다 추천 성능이 더 뛰어나다. 또 성능을 평가하기에 적합한, 추천 수량 부족과 초과에 따른 페널티를 고려하는 새로운 Quantity Precision, Quantity Recall, Quantity F₁ measure 계산 방식을 제안한다. 마지막으로 참신성 관점에서 제안한 방법의 신규 매출 창출 효과를 평가한다. 본 연구는 추천 수량과 재 추천을 고려했다는 점, 온라인이 아닌 오프라인 데이터를 사용했다는 점, 개별 고객이 아닌 매장을 추천 대상으로 했다는 점에서 기존 추천 시스템 연구와는 차별되는 의의를 가진다. 나아가 본 연구에서 제안한 방법론은 재고 관리 이외에도 추천 수량과 재 추천을 고려하는 다양한 분야에 적용될 수 있는 범용성을 가진다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.53-66
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• 2008

There was to purpose of this study improves analyzing cause that prosthesis brings bite engaging that is inaccurate in patient's mouth, when supposed that all conducts that do in operatory and dental laboratory are perfect. Impression did check bite by alginate impression material and polymerization style silicon impression material that use usually in presence at a sickbed Irreversibility, hydrocolloid, alginate impression material washed in flowing water and poured anhydrite after wait about 8 minutes so that region that charge interest after impression check bite may become undoing. And hydrophile property addition polymerization style impression material poured anhydrite after blow 30 considering impression material dwell time and H2 gas occurrence time (5~15 minute) after have washed in flowing water. I got each 7 models, result that manufactures total 28 and measures by third dimension measuring instrument (Meteo, Korea) following sequence curing in tray holder and floor 1, By Alginate impression when is hardened in tray holder and when is hardened in the floor after do check bite, SPH 4, SPH5 all as there is synonymy appeared(P<0.05). By in case do not use average 0.1741 in case use tray holder in 0.0447 SPH5s in case do not use average 0.2838 pastas in case use tray holder in SPH4 0.0309, When did not use both SPH4 and SPH5 tray holder, when used tray holder, 1 appeared more greatly. 2. By amity sex addition polymerization style silicon impression when is hardened in tray holder after do check bite and when is hardened in the floor SPH 4, a11 of the SPH5s very big synonymy be(P>0.05). And in case use tray holder in 0.000657 pasta SPH5s in case do not use average 0.000129 pastas in case use tray holder in SPH4 average 0.000114 pastas, by in case do not use 0.000757, I appeared more greatly when used tray when did not use both SPH4 and SPH5 tray holder, but 1 appeared is not level to keep in mind(Table 8~9). 3 SPH4 was looked very big mindfulness in model that manufacture doing impression check bite by Alginate and model that do impression check bite by amity sex accessory penalty silicon without using tray holder(P< 0.001). I use tray holder and SPH4 did not appear synonymy in model that manufacture doing impression check bite by Alginate and model that do impression check bite by amity sex accessory penalty silicon(P>0.05). Study finding of above when see synthesis Alginate certainly tray holder use must and I could know that hardening method does not exert big influence on volume stability if remove impression sieve of excess because amity sex accessory penalty silicon passes over tray, Also, Alginate impression material previewed can get heading a conspiracy style that volume stability of accessory penalty silicon impression material degree is if use tray holder.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2002년도 학술발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.829-836
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• 2002

The paper presents a multi-objective genetic algorithm approach to the design of a water distribution network. The objectives considered are minimization of network cost and maximization of a reliability measure. In this study, a new reliability measure, called network resilience, is introduced. This measure mimics a designer's desire of providing excess power at nodes and designing reliable loops with practicable pipe diameters. The proposed method produces a set of Pareto-optimal solutions in the search space of cost and network resilience. Genetic algorithms are observed to be poor in handling constraints. To handle constraints in a better way, a constraint handling technique that does not require a penalty coefficient and applicable to water distribution systems is presented. The present model is applied to two example problems, which were widely reported. Pipe failure analysis carried out on some of the solutions obtained revealed that the network resilience based approach gave better results in terms of network reliability.