• 지질공학
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.643-648
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• 2014

터널의 굴착과정에서 막장전반부에 분포하는 절리를 예측하여 그들로 인한 붕괴를 예방하기위해 보강계획을 수립하는 것은 매우 중요한 사안이다. 그러나 빠른 굴착공정에서 절리의 분포를 충분히 조사하고 예측하는 것은 쉽지 않은 일이다. 본 연구는 굴착면 선단부에 분포하는 절리를 예측할 수 있는 새로운 통계적 기법을 제시하고자 한다. 제시될 방법은 단일 절리군에 대한 절리간격의 누적분포도를 이용한 절리분포의 예측이다. 누적분포도는 수평축에 절리를 동일간격으로 순차적 배열을 한 후, 수직축에 누적간격을 기준으로 각 절리를 하나의 점으로 표기한다. 이 도표에서, 표기된 점들이 선형을 이루면 절리의 분포양상이 규칙적임을 의미하며, 직선의 기울기는 절리의 간격을 의미한다. 기울기가 낮으면 절리사이의 간격이 적은 것 이다. 점들의 분포가 군집형을 이루면 이는 절리의 분포양상이 군집형을 이룸을 의미한다. 현장에서 조사된 자료를 누적분포도에 점기하면 특정 절리군에 대한 분포양상이 분포도에 표기될 것이고, 이 분포양상을 연장하면 앞으로 굴착될 굴착면 전방의 절리분포를 예측할 수 있을 것이다. 실 터널현장에서 10 m 간격에서 측정된 특정 절리군에 대한 누적분포도 분석이 수행되었으며 이를 기반으로 3 m 전방의 미 굴착구간에 대한 절리분포가 예측되었다. 예측결과를 실제 현장자료와 비교한 결과 누적분포도는 전방절리를 적절히 예측하고 있었다. 분포도의 특성상 점기된 절리들의 선형과 등간격의 군집형태는 그 자체로 절리의 분포가 규칙적이며 누적분포도의 예측이 정확할 수 있음을 의미하는 것이다. 그러므로 본 연구는 향후 누적분포도의 분포양상에 대한 고찰과 그 결과의 넓은 공유가 있기를 바란다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.139-146
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• 1999

Geological and geotechnical surveys, in general, should precede the excavation to ensure the stability of the tunnel md should be followed up according to the various geological condition during the excavation. However actually the standard support patterns which were decided during the design phases used be insisted for the whole excavation phases in spite of the various geological conditions. When $\bigcirc$$\bigcirc$ tunnel was excavated up to 25m long, the severe displacement was generated in the Portal area of $\bigcirc$$\bigcirc$ tunnel and the tunnel face was pally collapsed. Therefore, this paper present the case study on construction associated with the Umbrella Arch Method used in silty ground by the NATM.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.54-62
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• 1993

In order to evaluate the necessity for the support during the excavation of the transport drift and use the data for design applications, laboratory testings of mechanical properties of rock samples and engineering rock mass classifications on this study site were performed. The values of RMR and Q-system are 68 and 11.8, respectively. Since these results were evaluated as good, this rock mass were determined to be unsupported. Full face excavation method was determined to be suitable for excavating this drift. In case of excavation, smooth blasting techniques must be carried out at the wall rock and the crown. However, considering the blast vibration etc. that have an effect on the surrounding rock mass, approximately less than 9kg of explosive charges per blast should be maintained.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 1998

This paper presents the results of deformation measurement and numerical analysis carried out to study the behaviour of the rock mass around large underground oil storage caverns. Displacements during excavation have been monitored using borehole extensometers which had been installed before the excavation of caverns proceeded. Numerical analysis has been carried out to examine the three-dimensional behaviour of rock and the face advance effect. The input parameters for this analysis were determined from the results of laboratory and field tests. The deformation modulus of the rock mass was determined from plate loading test at the site and in-situ stresses were measured from the overcoring method with USBM deformation gauge. The results from this study gave a clear picture for three-dimensional behaviour of the rock mass, hence would be used for the optimum design.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.130-138
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• 1998

Comprehensive monitoring system for the safe and economical excavation of underground opening has been established by employing the 3 independent models each of which can i) predict the ultimate convergence, ii) assess the in-situ stresses and the elastic modulus of excavating rock, iii) calculate the time-dependent opening behavior with respect to the face advance rate and support pressure at the equilibrium state. Accuracy of each model has been verified through illustrative examples. The step-by-step procedures of comprehensive monitoring system for analyzing the rock behavior and the optimum support installation has been explained. The capability and applicability of this system to the practical excavation also has been discussed.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.396-403
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• 2009

Numerical analysis has been performed to estimate maximum settlement and maximum horizontal displacement due to tunnel excavation varying ground condition, tunnel depth and diameter, and construction condition (volume loss at excavation face). The maximum surface settlement from the numerical analysis has been compared with the maximum settlement at tunnel crown considering ground condition, tunnel depth and diameter, and construction condition, and it has been also compared with the maximum horizontal displacement. The results from the numerical analysis have been compared with field measurements to confirm the applicability and validity of the results and by this comparison it is believed that the numerical results in this study can be utilized practically in analyzing the ground movements due to tunnel excavation.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.120-129
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• 2013

터널시공 중 발생한 변위를 설계단계에서 설정한 계측관리 기준변위와 비교하여 터널의 안정성을 평가할 때에는 터널막장 후방뿐만 아니라 전방에서 발생하는 변위를 포함한 총변위를 이용하여야 한다. 터널 시공 중 발생하는 총변위를 알기 위하여 터널막장에서 전방을 향해 수평경사계를 설치하여 지중침하를 계측하였고 터널 막장 후방에서는 천단침하계를 이용하여 터널의 천단침하를 계측하였다. 이를 통하여 터널시공 중 발생하는 총천단침하를 계측할 수 있었고 터널막장 전후방 종단선상의 침하곡선 특성도 분석하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.399-406
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• 2021

It is a key issue in the tunnel design to evaluate the stability of the excavation face. Two efficient analytical models in the context of the limit equilibrium method (LEM) and the limit analysis method (LAM) are used to carry out the deterministic calculations of the safety factor. The safety factor obtained by these two models agrees well with that provided by the numerical modelling by FLAC 3D, but consuming less time. A simple probabilistic approach based on the Mote-Carlo Simulation technique which can quickly calculate the probability distribution of the safety factor was used to perform the probabilistic analysis on the tunnel face stability. Both the cumulative probabilistic distribution and the probability density function in terms of the safety factor were obtained. The obtained results show the effectiveness of this probabilistic approach in the tunnel design.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.191-201
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• 1997

Geological and geotechnical surveys, in general, should precede the excavation to ensure the safety of the tunnel and should be followed up according to the various geological condition during the excavation. However actually the standard support patterns which were decided during the design step used be insisted for the whole excavation steps in spite of the various geological conditions. OO tunnel was excavated with NATM and a support pattern type-V in weak rocks. When the tunnel was excavated up to 25m long, the severe displacement was generated in the portal area and the shotcrete was damaged to make the cracks and the tunnel face was totally collapsed. It might happen owing to the one-day heavy rain, but the exact reason for that accident should be found out and the new optimal support patternt needed. Consequently three dimensional numerical analysis was applied for the evaluation of the cause of the tunnel collapse instead of two dimensional analysis, because three dimensional analysis can show better the real field phenomenon than two dimensional analysis in which the load distribution methods are adopted for the tunnel excavation. We could simulate the actual situations with three dimensional finite difference code and propose the new optimal support patterns.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.33-46
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 지하수가 터널굴착에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 먼저 지하수위 아래에서의 터널시공시 발생하는 기본 메카니즘을 알아보았으며 가상의 시공조건에 대해 유한요소해석 기반의 3차원 응력-간극수압 연계해석을 수행하고 그 결과를 토대로 라이닝 작용하중 및 유발응력, 막장안정성, 지표침하 등 지하수와 터널굴착의 상호관계를 고찰하였다. 한편, 다양한 라이닝 투수성 및 그라우팅 패턴에 대한 해석을 수행하고 전반적인 터널 및 주변지반의 거동을 분석하였다. 해석 결과 터널굴착과 지하수의 상호작용은 라이닝 응력과 지반거동을 증가시키며 이러한 지하수가 터널굴착에 미치는 영향은 연계해석을 통해서 만이 이해가 가능하며 전응력해석을 수행할 경우 지하수의 영향을 과소평가할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 본 해석에서 얻어지는 결과를 실무적 측면에서 다각도로 고찰하였다.