• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.37-54
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• 2003

Recent domestic findings indicate steep increase of geriatric diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and high blood pressure among children and adolescents. It is, therefore, necessary to establish a new system for constitution inspection that reflects domestic adolescents' health conditions by the introduction of feasible items and systematic methods in the inspect ion. The objective of this study is to grasp the problems and to present proper ways of improving the system. As the method of the research during the period from September 2001 to March 2002 we refer to the domestic and foreign literature, and ask the advice of the specialists in pediatrics, family medicine, endocrine, cardiology. As on-site research we us e survey of nationwide elementary, middle, and high schools, visit representative local schools and have an interview with school nurses. Through the interview we try to find practical problems of school heath care and find proper method of students physic al examination. The abstract of the problems of student examination system is as following. To the question about the extent of the result of physical examination 46. 46.4%(school doctor) and 42.6%(parents and students) of the respondents answered "don't know". It means neglectfulness about examination itself. 62% of the school nurses responded "unsatisfactory" people who take charge of practical affairs have complaint about pre sent examination method. Because of the short time of the examination, and numerous students, the examination was incomplete. Several questions, method of physical examination, content of physical examination and list of physical examination, were raised. Reform measures for physical examination system of students were presented by physician, school nurses, students and parents of student.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.45-62
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• 2012

Purpose : This study was carried out from September 2011 to September 2012 to indicate improvement and performance schemes and planning strategies by way of scenario based practical examination to inspire adaptable capacity to EMS field for Emergency Medical Technician. Methods : In order to improve the examination, a survey was conducted to EMT-Paramedics (Level 1), EMT-Basics (Level 2), and other expert groups. The researchers visited the National Registry of Emergency Medical Technician (NREMT) headquarter and the psychomotor examination site in Ohio in April, 2011. The 21 EMT professors took part in a workshop experiencing the US psychomotor examinations provided by two NREMT examination experts in October, 2011. Results : The results showed that the general plan of new National Practical Examination for EMTs should consist of integrated emergency care examination based on clinical performance and simple skill examination based on objective structured skill protocol Conclusion : The National Practice Examination consists of two sessions and the examinees select the test number randomly in each session. The future examination should include the critical criteria and this criteria should be the decisive factor for the pass or fail.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.61-78
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• 2001

The purpose of this research was to find out plans to promote the fulfillment of the breast self-examination and breast cancer screening, which is preventive health behavior about women's having breast cancer exam in some part of our country with searching for the primary causes which have an effect on their fulfillment. The subjects of the study were 540 literate volunteers who were of age from 20 to 69 and who visited 8 health centers in Taegu. The survey research was made through questionares in the 8 health centers in Taegu from the 15th to the 30th of September, 1998. Based on Becker's health belief model asking medical staff's opinions with bibliographies, the major findings from the survey was as follow. The fulfillment rate of the breast self-examination and the breast cancer screening was 37.8％(204 subjects), 27.6％ (149 subjects) each. Getting breast self-exam varied significantly depending on subject's age, income of family, religion, occupation and the number of children. As far as the breast cancer screening was concerned, there was remarkably significant difference in accordance with their age, marital status, religion, occupation, income of family, the number of children, ways of nursing and parturition age of the first baby. The subjects in their forties accounted for the highest rate. Based on the fulfillment of the breast self-examination and the breast cancer screening, the average points of all the variables presented from the health belief as well as the points of the susceptibility, seriousness, benefits, knowledge and level of health concern of interest in health were significantly higher than the points of non-fulfillment of them in the statistical analysis whereas the barriers was lower than them. In consequence of the multiple-logistic regression analysis putting the breast self-examination and the breast cancer screening in dependent variables, occupation, knowledge, seriousness, benefits, barriers and cues to action had significant effects on breast self-examination against breast cancer. Looking more attainments, thinking diseases more seriously, feeling more usefulness and there being any patient around with breast cancer led to the higher rate of the breast self-examination against it. On the other hand, feeling more impedition as well as housewives caused the lower rate of it. The breast cancer screening was significantly affected by age, sensitivity, usefulness, impedition and behavior momentum as well. The cases who are older, feeling more sensitivity against breast cancer, more usefulness of the examination and where any patient around, the fulfillment rate was higher. Contrarily the more impedition they felt, the lower the fulfillment rate was. Accordingly, the study of the causes, which have significant effects on the fulfillment of the self-examination and the breast cancer screening in order to find it in an early stage, and the development of health education programs as well as proper education for public health through carrying on campaigns and stepping up public relations must be indispensable.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.199-205
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• 2015

This study was conducted with examinees who chose upper gastrointestinography (UGI) among those who visited the hospital for health examination in order to improve the visitors' satisfaction with services. A questionnaire survey was conducted with the examinees, and 147 examinees who visited the hospital during the two months from May 2014 participated in the survey as the subjects of pre education examination while 164 examinees who visited during the months from July 2014 participated as the subjects of post education examination. The pre education subjects were surveyed about anxiety, need of explanation, method of explanation, satisfaction with UGI, etc., and a video was prepared based on the results and provided to the post education subjects and then they were surveyed about change in anxiety, satisfaction with the explanation in the video, helpfulness of the video, intention to watch the video again, etc. In the pre education survey, the average value of anxiety was 2.62, and the need of explanation was 2.52, In addition, 78.2% of the subjects chose guide video as a method of explanation, and satisfaction with UGI was 1.55. In the post education survey, the average value of changed anxiety was 1.45, satisfaction with video explanation was 2.80, helpfulness was 2.79, and intention to watch the video again was 2.80. In the results of T-test between the pre and post education groups, they showed statistically significant in anxiety and satisfaction (p<0.05). Moreover, the findings of this study confirmed that video education and information on UGI provided in advance reduce patients' anxiety and increase their satisfaction with examination.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.331-340
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• 2011

The purpose of this research is to target the health examination examinees to compare and analyze the common elements that influence prevention and preventive medical services and to analyze the share of the physical examination categories desired following the analysis by element. Likewise, this research was attempted to provide base data so that it is possible to reduce cost required for the prevention and treatment of each examination. This research targeted health examination examinees and conducted survey from April 1to May 31, 2010. The key findings after conducting analysis on 707 examinees are as follows. In case of men, those who are older and who live their spouses tended to be subjected to health examination, cancer examination and preventive injections. Those who had subscribed to the medical policy from the private sector, those with healthy state, those with higher educational level, tended to get health examination, cancer examination and preventive injections less. In case of women, those who are older, tended to get health examination and cancer examination more while those who had subscribed to the medical policy from the private sector and those with higher educational level tended to get health examination, cancer examination and preventive injections less. Those who are healthy and who live their spouse tended to get more cancerexamination and preventive injections.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.53 no.10
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• pp.732-742
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to identify bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) awareness and experience level of patients by medical doctors who prescribes bisphosphonate being used, analyze dental examination referral reality and to utilize its result as basic education data for early diagnosis of BRONJ and its prevention. The study was carried out through a self-administered questionnaire distributed among a sample 192 residents and specialists. They belonged to family medicine, internal medicine and orthopedics of 6 tertiary medical centers located in Seoul. The survey consisted of 22 questions; general characteristics, bisphosphonate therapy, awareness of BRONJ, implementation level of dental examination referral. Among 192 medical doctorss, 78.1% (n=150) showed awareness of BRONJ. Only 8.9% (n=17) had correct response in all 5 BRONJ knowledge questions. Dental examination referral by medical doctors was implemented in below 30% of the total patients. At the time of bisphosphonate administration, specialist of oncology most highly recognized necessity of dental examination referral and it was represented in the order of endocrinology, rheumatology, family medicine, orthopedics specialists. As recognition of medical doctors for BRONJ and implementation level of dental referral were represented to be low, it is considered that enhancement of BRONJ recognition for medical doctors and development of high accessible education program for increasing implementation rate of dental examination referral would be required.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.27-37
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• 2003

Although the idea that obese people consume higher calorie diets is widely accepted, many dietary surveys have shown that obese people do NOT consume larger amounts of energy. We had an opportunity to study the relationship between calorie intake and obesity in Korea from the data contained in the '98 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of Korea. The survey was executed nationwide for two months - from Nov. 1 to Dec.30 in 1998. The survey included 10,876 (aged >10 years) subjects of whom 9,771 underwent health examinations. Surveyors visited each household and checked health status, measured anthropometry and blood pressures, collected blood and urine samples, and interviewed from the health questionnaires. Well-trained dietitians evaluated the food consumption of 11,525 subjects over the age of 1 year with the 24-hour recall method. The number of subjects from whom a complete health examination and food consumption information was obtained was 8,004. Subjects were classified by BMI (< 20, 20-22, 22-24, 24-26, 26-28, 28 $\leq$) and into newly diagnosed patients with DM (FBS $\geq$ 126 mg/㎗), hypertension (SBP $\geq$ 140 mmHg or DBP $\geq$ 90 mmHg) and hyperlipidemia (Total cholesterol $\geq$ 220 mg/㎗ or TG $\geq$ 200 mg/㎗). Our main results were as following：1) their average energy intake was 2,029.6 $\pm$ 908.5 ㎉ and BMI is 22.6 $\pm$ 3.4 kg/$m^2$；2) a comparison of nutrient intakes by BMI level did not show a significant difference of energy intake even though BMI increased (BMI, < 20： 1,999 ㎉ ∼ 28 $\leq$： 2,028 ㎉)；and 3) Even in newly diagnosed patients with diabetes, hypertension or hyperlipidemia, their energy consumption was not significantly increased as BMI increased (from BMI 20). There are several possible explanations for these results：1) Reduced physical activity caused the weight of obese people to increase even with the same energy intake；2) people underreported their energy consumption；or, people intentionally reduced their energy consumption due to self-image regarding their obesity. We might also hypothesize that there is a metabolic problem conceiving obese people, because calorie intake was not higher in obese people than in non-obese people in Korea. Further research is necessary for re-evaluating these current conclusions.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.165-181
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• 2008

In this study, a preliminary study has been made to check the availability of examination after selecting one among the criteria to adaptation of school life, in recognition of the necessity for a tool in order to collect multi =dimensional information about children. An examination has been done with the survey target of 291 pupils in the fifth and sixth grade in an elementary school located in Incheon. And the focus group with the teachers in charge of each class was undertaken to check the availability of the examination. As the result of the examination, 37 was the average score of children diagnosed as the category of temporary maladaptation in terms of the score of 4 sub-scales of school adaptation and their total scores, and 28 was the score which corresponds to the assessment of teachers. The results of examinations and the evaluations of teachers were proved to be highly correlated. Lastly discussion is focused on the meaning of these findings and the suggestions for the further studies.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to identify the main factors influencing breast cancer self-examination, a preventive health behavior, thereby increasing self-examination compliance for early detection of the disease. The data on which this study was based were collected from a survey of 601 ladies, aged 20∼59 years and residing in Seoul, employing such mehtods as X²-test, ANOVA, t-test, F-test, Person's Correlation Coefficient and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The resulting conclusions are as follows; 1. Discrepancies in self-examination compliance rate are found in accordance with the differences of general characters of the surveyed persons. For instance, those who are well educated and better off are better compliers than those who are not (p<0.001), and those around whom breast cancer patients are better ones than who are not (p<0.01). 2. Self-examination compliers have higher health belief than non-compliers. Compliers have more knowledge in health and have higher susceptibility, barriers and health concern (p<0.001), and higher benefits (p<0.01), and higher seriousness (p<0.05) than non-compliers. 3. Whereas those who have loftier health belief show higher compliance rate (p<0.001), seriousness turned out to have no correlationship with self-examination compliance. 4. Stepwise Multiple Regression portray that following factors influence self-examination compliance in arder named. (1) barriers (2) susceptibility, (3) health concern, (4) age, (5) benefits, (6) education level. Even so, it turned out that these factors alone can explain only 20％ of self-examination compliance. Therefore study for the other factors ought to be continued. I submit following suggestions ending this study. 1. Since breast cancer self-examination is an essential health behavior needed for early detection of the disease, efficient and proper health education program eyed for regular and periodic self-examination is required to be developed, thus reducing the deaths and pains caused by the disease. 2. Proper policies of the government for the prevention of breast cancer is strongly urged to be formed in concrete manner. 3. Continuous study of the other factors affecting self-examination compliance must be carried on.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2014

Background: This paper describes the relationship and effect of health examination on personal medical cost by identifying the difference of the cost for medical care in physician visit between the population without and with health examination. Methods: After classifying into three cohorts in which, independent variables were designed according to the Andersen's behavioral model, the association of personal medical cost for medical care and prescription drugs which is dependent variable was analyzed by t-test and Mann-Whitney test for description and gamma regression model for inference. Results: In personal average medical cost, the population with health examination paid significantly more than without health examination, 11.6% more in cohort 2008, 26.6% more in cohort 2009, and 48.0% more in combined cohort. The odds ratio on medical expenditure of outpatients with health examination was 1.067, 1.126, 1.398 significantly in cohort 2008, 2009, and combined cohort respectively, comparing to the group without health examination. In independent variables, that is female, the elderly, never married, non-working, non-metropolitan, the higher family income, the smaller family size, people with disability, the people with chronic disease, and people with health examination have significantly being paid more tendency showing positive association with medical cost. Conclusion: This result showed that medical expenditure in physician visit has been increased after taking a health examination. Therefore reasonable limitation of getting preventive medical service is suggested to avoid medical shopping around and reduce being repeated health examination by unifying control to find out easily the clinical results from various medical facilities.