• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.1557-1562
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• 2017

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of weaning times on the growth performance, rumen fermentation and microbial communities of yellow cattle calves. Methods: Eighteen calves were assigned to a conventional management group that was normally weaned (NW, n = 3) or to early weaned (EW) group where calves were weaned when the feed intake of solid feed (starter) reached 500 g ($EW_{500}$, n = 5), 750 g ($EW_{750}$, n = 5), or 1,000 g ($EW_{1,000}$, n = 5). Results: Compared with NW, the EW treatments increased average daily gain (p<0.05). The calves in $EW_{750}$ had a higher (p<0.05) starter intake than those in $EW_{1,000}$ from wk 9 to the end of the trial. The concentrations of total volatile fatty acids in $EW_{750}$ were greater than in NW and $EW_{1,000}$ (p<0.05). The EW treatments decreased the percentage of acetate (p<0.05). The endogenous enzyme activities of the rumen were increased by EW (p<0.05). EW had no effect on the number of total bacteria (p>0.05), but changes in bacterial composition were found. Conclusion: From the present study, it is inferred that EW is beneficial for rumen fermentation, and weaning when the feed intake of the starter reached 750 g showed much better results.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.972-980
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• 2016

An ultra-wideband microwave monolithic integrated circuit high-power amplifier with excellent input and output return losses for phased array jammer applications was designed and fabricated using commercial $0.25-{\mu}m$ AlGaN/GaN technology. To improve the wideband performance, resistive matching and a shunt feedback circuit are employed. The input and output return losses were improved through a balanced design using Lange-couplers. This three-stage amplifier can achieve an average saturated output power of 15 W, and power added efficiency of 10% to 28%, in a continuous wave operation over a frequency range of 6 GHz to 18 GHz. The input and output return losses were demonstrated to be lower than -15 dB over a wide frequency range.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 1993

Least square means for egg weight (EW), average shell thickness (ST), shape index (SI), shell surface area (SA) and shell breaking strength (BS) were determined in the Philippine native (PN) and F2 upgrades with New Hampshire (NH-N) and White Leghorn (WL-N) blood, respectively. Eggs of PN were smaller in size but had higher SI while their egg shells were thinner and weaker than those of the two upgrades. Highest EW, SA and BS means were observed in WL-N. Significant (p<0.01) positive correlations of EW and SI with SA and BS were noted.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2022

Despite the increasing importance of manufacturing and application R&D for ultrapure deionized water and electrolyzed ion water, various and systematic studies have not been conducted until now. In this study, the electrostatic discharge (ESD) behavior of electrolyzed ion water using a proton exchange membrane(PEM) was evaluated according to the type, flow rate, and bubble of electrolyzed ion water. In addition, by observing that Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) value returns to the unique value of electrolyzed ion water after electrostatic discharge, the possibility of two types of ions participating in electrostatic discharge ((H₂O)_n⁺ (assumed)) and ions for maintaining the characteristics of electrolyzed water could be inferred. In order to confirm the chemical structure and characteristics of the cations, in-depth research related to water molecular orbital energy or band gap should be followed.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.151-161
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of acupuncture and medial branch block(collaborative treatment) with just medial branch block regarding acute low back pain. Methods : Forty inpatients who received treatment between January 2012 and February 2013 were divided into 2 groups. The East-West treatment group(EW group, n=20) received one treatment of medial branch block and then acupuncture afterwards. The Western treatment group(W group, n=20) received one treatment of medial branch block. Both groups continued to receive manual therapy 3 times a week. Evaluations were made before medial branch block, 7 days after, and 14 days after using the Numerical Rating Scale(NRS). Results : Compared to before treatment, the NRS score of both EW and W groups after 7 and 14 days of treatment significantly decreased(p=0.0001). But only the EW group showed additional improvement between days 7 and 14(p=0.005). Regarding group comparison, the NRS score of the EW group was significantly lower than the W group at 7 days(p=0.037), and even more at 14 days(p<0.0001). Conclusions : Although medial branch block alone significantly improved acute low back pain, collaborative treatment with acupuncture was even more effective, with increased efficacy as time passed. Further research is recommended regarding the effects of collaborative treatment with acupuncture on acute low back pain.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.3-17
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• 2002

Tertiary Pohang basin distributed in south weatern part of the korean peninsula, is composed of Chunbuk formation as the basal conglomerate, Hakjon formation, Duho formation and intrusive basalt which is 15 Ma by absolute age data. The basement of the basin is represented by Cretaceous sedimentary rocks, Hakjon welded tuff and Chilpo welded tuff and rhyolite. The fault systems at the basement of the Pohang basin are consist of NNE direction fault, WNW to EW trend fault. NNE fault is not only strike-slip fault but also normal fault. n fault has sinistral strike-slip sene and the EW fault is strike-slip and normal fault. In the Tertiary basin, the fault system is represented by nm strike-slip fault, EW normal fault and NNE thrust fault. By these fault relationships and geometries, it is interpreted that NNE sinistral strike-slip fault and nomal fault have acted at Creceous times. At Tertiary tines, NNE dextralstrike-slip fault and EW normal fault has created. Progressively Tertiary Pohang basin was influenced by the trenspression to make thrust fault and fold, namely as inversion tectonics.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.125-132
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• 2013

Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of acupuncture treatment with those of collaborative treatment regarding acute Bell's palsy. Methods Twenty-six patients who received outpatient treatment between March 2012 and February 2013 were divided into 2 groups. The East-West treatment group (EW group, n=12) received prednisolone and then acupuncture afterwards. The Eastern treatment group (E group, n=14) received just acupuncture. Acupuncture was administered 3 to 4 times a week, and both groups were educated to practice facial muscle exercises at home. Evaluations were made before treatment, after 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks using the House-Brackmann facial nerve grading system. Results Compared to before treatment, the House-Brackmann grades of both EW and E groups after 1, 2 and 3 weeks of treatment significantly decreased (p<0.05). Regarding group comparison, the House-Brackmann grade of the EW group was significantly lower than the E group at 1 week (p=0.043), but there was no significant difference at 2 and 3 weeks. Regarding improvement of House-Brackmann grades, there was no significant difference between the two groups at 1, 2 and 3 weeks (p>0.05). Conclusions Compared to just acupuncture treatment, collaborative treatment with prednisolone significantly improved the House-Brackmann grade after 1 week, but there was no difference as time passed. Because early intervention determines the prognosis of Bell's palsy, collaborative treatment at the early stage will be clinically helpful to patients.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.173-189
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• 1997

A study on the geological structure and geothermal gradient distribution was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of developing a new geothermal field in the Yusong area. It is suggested that geothermal water in the Yusong area is closely related with faults, dykes, and their dipping characteristics with the study of geothermal gradient distribution. A fault of EW direction locates in northern boundary of the study area and another fault of N40{\citc}W$ crosses the EW fault at the western part of the study area. Locations of faults are recognized quite well by lineaments, geophysical exploration and geothermal gradient distribution characteristics. Three sets of dyke are found in the study area. According to the result of the geothermal gradient distribution study, the location of geothermal anomaly belt and dykes coincide each other, and the area has the temperature gradient of larger than 3$^{\circ}C$ between the depths of 0.5m and 1.0m below ground surface. The thermal anomaly belt those temperature gradient is larger than 2.5$^{\circ}C$ between the depths of 0.5m and 1.Om below ground surface is expected in the direction of N80{\citc}W$ in the study area. The dirping of dyke is almost vertical according to the linear distribution of dykes on surface and the results of geophysical survey. From the distribution of geothermal anomaly belt and the locations of dyke, three locations for the development of hot spring water could be recommended and the depth that ensure over 4$0^{\circ}C$ geotheraral water is estimated as 170~200m below the ground surface.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.201-208
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• 2019

Objective: The aim of the present study was to identify the impact of early weaning of lambs at approximately seven weeks of age onto a herb-clover mix on the liveweight gain of lambs and their dams. Methods: In 2015, twin-born lambs that weighed a minimum of 16 kg (n = 134) were randomly allocated to one of three treatments: i) Early-weaned (58 days after the midpoint of lambing) onto an unrestricted allowance (>1,200 kg dry matter/ha) of herb-clover mix (HerbEW); ii) Lambs+dams unweaned onto an unrestricted allowance of herb-clover mix until conventional weaning (95 days after the midpoint of lambing) (HerbCW); iii) Lambs+dams unweaned onto an unrestricted allowance of grass-clover pasture until conventional weaning (GrassCW). In 2016, twin-born lambs that weighed a minimum of 16 kg (n = 170) were randomly allocated to one of four treatments: i), ii), iii) (similar to 2015) and iv) Lambs+dams unweaned onto a restricted allowance (<1,200 kg dry matter/ha) of grass-clover pasture until conventional weaning (93 days after the midpoint of lambing) (Restricted-GrassCW). Results: In 2015, liveweight gain from L58 to L95 of HerbCW and GrassCW lambs did not differ (p>0.05), but were greater than HerbEW lambs. In 2016, HerbCW lambs had greater (p<0.05) liveweight gains from L51 to L93 than GrassCW followed by HerbEW and Restricted-GrassCW lambs. In 2015, liveweight gain from L58 to L95 of HerbEW ewes were greater than both GrassCW and HerbCW ewes while in 2016, liveweight gain of from L51 to L93 GrassCW and HerbCW ewes did not differ (p>0.05) but were greater (p<0.05) than those of HerbEW and Restricted-GrassCW ewes. Conclusion: These results indicate that when grass-clover pasture supply can be maintained at unrestricted intake level, there may be no benefit of weaning lambs early. However, at restricted pasture conditions lambs can achieve greater liveweight gains when weaned early onto a herb-clover mix.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.143-155
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• 2007

Objectives: To observe the effect of acupuncture and nerve block combination treatment on adhesive capsulitis patients. Methods : 59 voluntary patients were randomly assigned to acupuncture treatment group(E group, n=22), nerve block treatment group(W group, n=17) and acupuncture and nerve block combination treatment group(EW group, n=20). The E group received acupuncture treatment on LI15, $TE_{14}$, $GB_{21}$ and Master Dong's acupuncture points, Shin-gwan and Gyun-joong, twice a week for 4 weeks. The W group received suprascapular nerve block, subacromial injection and trigger point injection, twice a week for 4 weeks. The EW group received the same treatment as the W group and after 5minutes of rest, successively received the treatment identical to that of E group. All three groups were instructed to practice groups were instructed to practice self exercise during their daily lives. Evaluations were made before treatment and after 1, 2, 3 and 4week treatment. Constant Shoulder Assessment(CSA), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index(SPADI), Range of Motion(ROM), the patient's treatment satisfaction measured by Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) and Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging(DITI) were used as assessment tools. The obtained data were analyzed and compared. Results : The E group showed significant improvement(p<0.05) on CSA, SPADI, VAS and DITI. As for ROM, Adduction and Extension improved significantly(p<0.05). The W group showed significant improvement(p<0.05) on CSA, SPADI, VAS and DITI. As for ROM, Abduction and Extension improved significantly. The EW group showed significant improvement(p<0.05) on CSA, SPADI and VAS. As for ROM, Adduction, Abduction, Extension and Flexion improved significantly. The improvement of CSA, VAS and Abduction ROM in the EW group was significantly(p<0.05) superior compared to the groups treated with single type of treatment. Conclusion : It is suggested that acupuncture and nerve block combination treatment for adhesive capsulitis patients is more effective than the two single treatments. Through further studies, the acupuncture and nerve block combination treatment model may be developed into East-West Collaboration Model in treating adhesive capsulitis.