• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.7
• /
• pp.3061-3064
• /
• 2012

Aim: An epidemiological shift has resulted in increase in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCD). Unlike other NCDs which are easily and definitely preventable, the knowledge of cancer prevention is still limited at present. Various aetiological factors are difficult to control since those are habit forming. Hence an available remedy remains its secondary and tertiary prevention for which appropriate planning is of paramount importance. Evidence based planning requires careful analysis of data with a view to prioritize various cancers. Keeping in view the fact that the adaptation of smoking free status in Chandigarh city might have a far reaching positive effect on the cancer related morbidity of the people, the following study was undertaken to provide base line data to be used for future comparisons. Methods: The registers maintained in the Department of Radiotherapy were checked and those belonging to the years 1999 to 2009 were utilized to analyze the cancer morbidity in respect to age, sex, and year of presentation to health care facility. Results: A total of 4,600 cancer patients (males=2276, females=2324) demonstrated a gradual increase in the number of cancer cases from 150 in the year 1999 to 783 in the year 2009. The most common cancers amongst males were cancer of gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) and lung (including larynx) constituting 37.3% and 27.1% of the total, respectively. In females these were cancers of breast and cervix representing 33.3% & 17.6% of total cancer cases, respectively, and lung cancer constituted 5.3%. The maximum cases of bone cancer (53.8% of all bone cancers) were observed amongst children aged less than 20 years and lung cancer (48.2% of all lung cancers) among the elderly aged 60-69 years. The.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.9
• /
• pp.5489-5494
• /
• 2013

In the current study we aimed to show the common YMDD motif mutations in viral polymerase gene in chronic hepatitis B patients during lamivudine and adefovir therapy. Forty-one serum samples obtained from chronic hepatitis B patients (24 male, 17 female; age range: 34-68 years) were included in the study. HBV-DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of the patients using an extraction kit (Invisorb, Instant Spin DNA/RNA Virus Mini Kit, Germany). A line probe assay and direct sequencing analyses (INNO-LIPA HBV DR v2; INNOGENETICS N.V, Ghent, Belgium) were applied to determine target mutations of the viral polymerase gene in positive HBV-DNA samples. A total of 41 mutations located in 21 different codons were detected in the current results. In 17 (41.5%) patients various point mutations were detected leading to lamivudin, adefovir and/or combined drug resistance. Wild polymerase gene profiles were detected in 24 (58.5%) HBV positive patients of the current cohort. Eight of the 17 samples (19.5%) having rtM204V/I/A missense transition and/or transversion point mutations and resistance to lamivudin. Six of the the mutated samples (14.6%) having rtL180M missense transversion mutation and resistance to combined adefovir and lamivudin. Three of the mutated samples (7.5%) having rtG215H by the double base substituation and resistance to adefovir. Three of the mutated samples (7.5%) having codon rtL181W due to the missense transversion point mutations and showed resistance to combined adefovir and lamivudin. Unreported novel point mutations were detected in the different codons of polymerase gene region in the current HBV positive cohort fromTurkish population. The current results provide evidence that rtL180M and rtM204V/I/A mutations of HBV-DNA may be associated with a poor antiviral response and HBV chronicity during conventional therapy in Turkish patients.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.277-289
• /
• 2014

Fishing village is becoming the central base of fishing industry and it plays a major role. However, there is a decrement of marine resources and some difficulties with the deterioration of fishing industry management. In order to solve these problems, there should be some developments(e.g. fishing village toursim development) on various undergoing government and the private organization programs. Nevertheless, there are not guidelines for fishing village tourism development to utilize for practical business. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the current status and guidelines regarding the development of fishing village for coastal planner. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of fishing village development works in Korea and Japan. The second purpose is to identifie success factors after analyzing individual success cases. Based on evidence from the literature and a dialogue with village leader, a literature review on extracting success cases for guidelines were selected according to criteria such as the degree of contribution to an increase in income of the fishing village, the degree of contribution to an increase in consumption of marine products using local natural resources, the number of tourists that visits the village. Finally we propose guidelines for future fishing village development projects. The guidelines based on the successful cases, as well as the major factors about the objectives and direction of fishing village tourism development, suggested as follows. 1)Plans for land use, 2)Development of tourist resources, 3)Plans for views, 4)Plans for resource protection, 5)Plans for operation and marketing.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.243-249
• /
• 2004

The toxicity of inorganic sulfuric acid as a stressor was characterized in Saccharomyces cerevisiae KNU5377. In this work, we examined physiological responses to low extracellular pH $(pH_{ex})$ caused by inorganic $H_2SO_4$, which could not affect cell growth after pH was adjusted to an optimum with Trizma base. The major toxicity of sulfuric and was found to be reduction of environmental pH, resulting in stimulation of plasma membrane ${H^+}-ATPase$, which in turn contributed to intracellular alkalinization. Using a pH-dependent fluorescence probe, 5-(and-6)-carboxy SNARF-1, acetoxymethyl ester, acetate (carboxy SNARF-1 AM acetate), to determine $pH_{in}$, we found that color was dependent on the changes of intracellular pH which coincided with calculated $pH_{in}$ of alkalinization up to approximately pH 7.3. This alkalinization did not seem to affect survival of these cells exposed to 30 mM sulfuric acid, which lowered the $pH_{ex}$ of the glucose containing growth media up to approximately pH 3.0; however, the cells could grow only up to 70% of the maximum growth in the same media, when 30 mM sulfuric acid was added.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.12 no.2 s.46
• /
• pp.299-305
• /
• 2007

This thesis will show the preparation of politic alternative plan about reaction through studying the domestic and overseas research trend and theories about online games analyzing the related problems. Online games have been already placed as the major culture trend in our society and produced the economic wealth as the major theme of 'Korean trend hot wind', including improvement of our foreign confidence. And the investments in online games and related industry are expected to be great Blue Ocean to us to have relatively deficient endowed resources. But with these beneficial effects, many unexpected reactions have happened and often published by medias, and they will be expected to be serious. So, it is to establish the united solution system of disputes related to online games which are spread in each law. Through this, we must draw prevention effects and use that as the evidence of rational judgements. And we must make the base to give online games the opportunity of upgrading to national strategic industry and try to conduct the research in various fields between academic organizations.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.657-661
• /
• 2014

Gilbert's syndrome is one that shows a benign course with intermittent unconjugate hyperbilirubinemia without any evidence of hepatobiliary tract disease or hemolysis. It is often found in a health examination or blood laboratory test by chance. In particular, patients who are taking drugs, including herbal medicine should be careful for their medication due to the possibility of associations with changes in liver function because of drug metabolism, sometimes they have to quit the use of the medication for a certain period and often they should get an additional test. Two male patients increased serum total bilirubin level without other systemic symptoms in screening test for clinical herb medicine pharmacokinetics study. Therefor they was diagnosed with suspected Gilbert's syndrome. They had been calory deprivation test with 24 hours fasting state. They also performed liver function test and ultrasonogram for evaluation of hepatobiliary tract disease. Total serum bilirubin was markedly increased, especially unconjugate bilirubin level higher over the two times than base line after they had been calory deprivation for 24 hours, They was not found another abnormality all laboratory results and physical examination. This study is a report on two cases of hyperbilirubinemia, diagnosed as Gilbert's syndrome, which were found in the process of a clinical pharmacokinetic study of a decoction of medicinal herbs.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.149-157
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to identify important evaluation criteria that need to be prioritized by developing one for the campustown development project in Seoul. To achieve this, we examined the list of initial ideas for the project and selected the criteria that corresponds to the goal of the project. Moreover, we conducted AHP and preference survey to further refine the evaluation criteria. As a result, improvement of walking space and providing urban regeneration base space were found to be most important; utilizing high density mixed land use was rated as least important. Based on the findings, the proposed evaluation criteria can help the process of the project as guidelines. As initial evidence it can also guide us for a future development direction in between the completion of the first project and the start of the second stage of the project.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.42-48
• /
• 2001

Allele rescue and sequence analysis of soo1-1 allele in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant LP0353 revealed that soo1-1 is identical to the previously reported ret1-1 allele, which has a base substitution of A for $G^{681}$ leading to an amino acid substitution of aspartic acid for $glycine^{227}$ in Soolp. However, it was revealed that the addition of osmotic stabilizer, such as 1.2M sorbitol can rescue the temperature sensitive phenotype of the ret1-1 mutant and that the soo1-1/ret1-1 mutation may confer defects in post-translational modification of proteins involved in the yeast cell wall biogenesis. Evidence for a putative role of 5th WD40 domain of the Soo1p/$\alpha$-COP in the construction and maintenance of cell walls was also presented by complementation test with deletion constructs of the SOOl.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.107-129
• /
• 1991

The Yonghwa gold-silver deposits are emplaced along $N15^{\circ}{\sim}25^{\circ}W$ trending fissures in middle Cretaceous porphyritic granite or Precambrian Sobaegsan gneiss complex. The results of paragenetic studies suggest that vein filling can be subdivided into four identifiable stages; state I: the main sulfide stage, characterized by base-metal sulfide minerals, iron oxides and minor electrum, stage II: electrum stage, stage III: electrum and silver-bearing sulfosalts stage, stage IV: post ore stage of carbonates and quartz. The ore mineralogy suggests that depositional temperature of the formation of the gold and silver minerals are estimated as 200 to $250^{\circ}C$ and 140 to $180^{\circ}C$, respectively. Sulfur fugacity of the formation of the gold and silver minerals are estimated as $10^{-14.0}$ to $10^{-12.2}$ atm and $10^{-18.5}$ to $10^{-17.2}$ atm, respectively. A consideration of the pressure regime during ore deposition bases on the fluid inclusion evidence of boiling suggests lithostatic pressure of less than 180 bars. This range of pressure indicate that vein system lay at depth of 700m below the surface at the time during mineralization. Salinities of ore-bearing fluids range from 0.4 to 6.9 wt.% equivalent NaCl. The sulfur and carbon isotopic data reveal that these elements were probably derived from a deep-seated source. The ${\delta}^{18}O$ of the hydrothermal fluid was determined from ${\delta}^{18}O$ values of quartz and calcite. Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic studies reveal that meteoric water dominate over ore-bearing fluid.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.23-37
• /
• 2014

The Trust and Authority in Scholarly Communications in the Light of the Digital Transition research project1) was a study which investigated the behaviours and attitudes of academic researchers as producers and consumers of scholarly information resources in respect to how they determine authority and trustworthiness. The research questions for the study arose out of CIBER's studies of the virtual scholar. This paper focuses on elements of this study, mainly an analysis of a scholarly publisher's usage logs, which was undertaken at the start of the project in order to build an evidence base, which would help calibrate the main methodological tools used by the project: interviews and questionnaire. The specific purpose of the log study was to identify and assess the digital usage behaviours that potentially raise trustworthiness and authority questions. Results from the self-report part of the study were additionally used to explain the logs. The main findings were that: 1) logs provide a good indicator of use and information seeking behaviour, albeit in respect to just a part of the information seeking journey; 2) the 'lite' form of information seeking behaviour observed in the logs is a sign of users trying to make their mind up in the face of a tsunami of information as to what is relevant and to be trusted; 3) Google and Google Scholar are the discovery platforms of choice for academic researchers, which partly points to the fact that they are influenced in what they use and read by ease of access; 4) usage is not a suitable proxy for quality. The paper also provides contextual data from CIBER's previous studies.