• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.115-130
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• 2003

Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) represents a common neurodegenerative disorder. While epidemiological studies have suggested a number of risk factors including age, gender, race, and inherited disorder, the cumulative evidence supports the view that environmental or occupational exposure to certain chemicals may contribute to the initiation and progress of Parkinsonism. More recently, clinical and laboratory investigations have led to the theory that dysregulation of iron, an essential metal to body function, may underlie IPD by initiating free radical reaction, diminishing the mitochondrial energy production, and provoking the oxidative cytotoxicity. The participation of iron in neuronal cell death is especially intriguing in that iron acquisition and regulation in brain are highly conservative and thus vulnerable to interference from other metals that bear the similar chemical reactivity. Manganese neurotoxicity, induced possibly by altering iron homeostasis, is such an example. In fact, the current interest in manganese neurotoxicology stems from two primary concerns: its clinical symptoms that resemble Parkinson's disease and its increased use as an antiknock agent to replace lead in gasoline. This article will commence with addressing the current understanding of iron-associated neurodegenerative damage. The major focus will then be devoted to the mechanism whereby manganese alters iron homeostasis in brain.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.542-560
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• 2016

This study determines whether or not firms can achieve high productivity growth through external technology acquisition. It also identifies the key factors affecting adopting firms' productivity growth by employing the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) methodology, which features computational ease, low data dependency, and decomposition of productivity growth into technical efficiency change and technical change. Results showed that the effects of productivity growth arising from technology transfer became stronger over time. Moreover, patent transfer guaranteed firms' productivity growth, but no evidence was found that factors such as age and size could increase productivity. Finally, cultural similarity could be another factor conditioning the effectiveness of technology transfer in the productivity of adopting firms.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.25-31
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• 1983

Often arrangement for effective product assessment and audit have not been completely satisfactory. The underlying reasons are: (a) The lack of early evidence of new unit quality. (b) The collection and processing of data. (c) Ineffective data analysis techniques. (d) The variability of information on which decision making is based. Because of the nature of the product the essential outputs from an affective QA organization would be: (a) Confirmation of new unit quality. (b) Detection of failures which are either epidemic or slowly degradatory. (c) Identification of failure cases. (d) Provision of management information at the right time to effect the necessary corrective action. The heart of an effective QA scheme is the acquisition and processing of data. With the advent of data processing for quality monitoring becomes feasible in an automotive testing environment. This paper shows how the method enables us to use Automotive Testing data for the cost benefits of QA management.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.44-61
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• 1999

Cost estimation has posed a significant challenge to estimators, planners, and managers in both government and military. Considerable historical evidence shows that accurate cost estimation has been difficult to achieve across a wide range of projects, including weapon systems. This paper introduces new cost estimating concept, CAIV(Cost As an Independent Variable) and a cost estimating case study using PRICE model, computer aided parametric estimating models(CAPE) for K1 tank cost estimate. CAIV concept is to set realistic but aggressive cost objectives easily in each acquisition program and to achieve cost, schedule, and performance objectives considering various managing risks with a project manager and industry teams. The Price model is one of computer aided cost estimating models and widely used in U.S. defense system analysis as a tool for CAIV. We analyze theories, inputs, outputs of the PRICE model and present a case study for K1 tank to estimate costs in requirement and concept phase, program and budgeting phase, and life cycle phase. Finally we obtain results that the Price model can be used in various phases of PPBEES depending upon available data and time.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.71-75
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• 2016

The scanning electron microscope (SEM) offers two-dimensional (2D) micrographs of three-dimensional (3D) objects due to its inherent operating mechanisms. To overcome this limitation, other devices have been used for quantitative morphological analysis. Many efforts have been made on the applications of software-based approaches to 3D reconstruction and measurements by SEM. Based on the acquisition of two stereo images, a multi-view technique consists of two parts: (i) geometric calibration and (ii) image matching. Quantitative morphological parameters such as height and depth could be nondestructively measured by SEM combined with special software programs. It is also possible to obtain conventional surface parameters such as roughness and volume of biomedical specimens through 3D SEM surface reconstruction. There is growing evidence that conventional 2D SEM without special electron detectors can be transformed to 3D SEM for quantitative measurements in biomedical research.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.4
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• pp.327-348
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• 2000

There are three major motives for M&A, financial synergy effect, operating & managerial synergy effect, and tax effect. The purpose of this study is to prove the operating & managerial synergy effect of M&A. To do this, we analyze the market-ripple effect of M&A, focusing on the increase in market power. Specifically we use cross-sectional data from 1985 to 1998 to show whether a market power of mergers is higher than that of a matched non-merging control group. we use time series data to show whether a market power of merger is higher than that of pre-merger. Also we use the event study using market model to show the stock price movement after mergers. The result is that although revenue increase after mergers, profit of the firms does not improve after mergers. Also there is sufficient evidence to say that there is a cumulative abnormal return for the firms after mergers.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 1995

Dynamic and explicit ordering of strategies is a key process in modeling knowledge-level problem-solving behavior. This paper addressed the important problem of howl to make the scheduler more knowledge-intensive in a way that facilitates the acquisition, integration, and maintenance of the scheduler control knowledge. The solution a, pp.oach described in this paper involved formulating the scheduler task as a heuristic classification problem, and then implementing it as a classification expert system. By doing this, the wide spectrum of known methods of acquiring, refining, and maintaining the knowledge of a classification expert system are a, pp.icable to the scheduler control knowledge. One important innovation of this research is that of recursive heuristic classification : this paper demonstrates that it is possible to formulate and solve a key subcomponent of heuristic classification as heuristic classification problem. Another key innovation is the creation of a method of dynamic heuristic classification : the classification alternatives that are selected among are dynamically generated in real-time and then evidence is gathered for and aginst these alternatives. In contrast, the normal model of heuristic classification is that of structured selection between a set of preenumerated fixed alternatives.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.337-342
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• 2014

The present study was undertaken to investigate the influence of diosgenin on vascular smooth muscle contractility and to determine the mechanism involved. We hypothesized that diosgenin, the primary ingredient of Dioscorea villosa, plays a role in vascular relaxation through inhibition of Rho-kinase in rat aortae. Denuded arterial rings from male Sprague-Dawley rats were used and isometric tensions were recorded using a computerized data acquisition system. Interestingly, diosgenin inhibited fluoride-induced contraction but didn't inhibit phorbol ester-induced contraction suggesting that additional pathways different from endothelial nitric oxide synthesis such as inhibition of Rho-kinase might be involved in the vasorelaxation. Furthermore, diosgenin didn't inhibit thromboxane $A_2$-induced increases in pERK1/2 levels suggesting the mechanism excluding inhibition of thromboxane $A_2$-induced increases in ERK1/2 phosphorylation. This study provides evidence that diosgenin induces vascular relaxation through inhibition of Rho-kinase in rat aortae.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.168-176
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• 2023

The use of sensors and actuators as a form of controlling cyber-physical systems in resource networks has been integrated and referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT). However, the connectivity of many stand-alone IoT systems through the Internet introduces numerous security challenges as sensitive information is prone to be exposed to malicious users. In this paper, IoT based-security issues ontology is proposed to collect, examine, analyze, prepare, acquire and preserve evidence of IoT security issues challenges. Ontology development has consists three main steps, 1) domain, purpose and scope setting, 2) important terms acquisition, classes and class hierarchy conceptualization and 3) instances creation. Ontology congruent to this paper is method that will help to better understanding and defining terms of IoT based-security issue ontology. Our proposed IoT based-security issue ontology resulting from the protégé has a total of 44 classes and 43 subclasses.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.1265-1278
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• 2000

This study was carried out to assess the perception of decisional balance of Korean subjects about 4 health behaviors and to identify the influencing factor of decisional balance for exercise acquisition, smoking cessation, mammography screening and Kegel's exercise acquisition. All are representative health behaviors nurses can intervene in Korea based on the Transtheoretical model. Convenient samples of 2,484 subjects (191; exercise, 169; smoking cessation, 1903; mammography screening and 221; Kegel's exercise) were selected from cities and counties over 9 provinces throughout Korea, and the data was collected from January 1, 1999 to February 29, 2000. The research instrument were the Decisional Balance Measure for Exercise (Marcus & Owen., 1992), Smoking Cessation (Velicer et al., 1985), Mammography Screening (Rakowski et al.,1992) and Kegel Exercise (Lim, 1999) and Stage of Change Measure for Exercise (Marcus et al, 1992), Smoking Cessation (DiClemente et al., 1991), Mammography Screening (Rakowski et al.,1992) and Kegel's Exercise (Lim, 1999). The data was analyzed by the SAS Program. The results are as follows; 1. According to the stage of change measure, 2,484 subjects were distributed in each stage of change for four health behaviors: 1,233 subjects (49.8%), 745 subjects (30.2%), 113 subjects (4.7%), 156 subjects (6.5%), and 216 (8.7%) belonged to the pre- contemplation stage, contemplation stage, preparation stage, action stage and maintenance stage. They were all series of stages of change in their efforts to do health behavior. 2. Factor analysis identified 3 factors (1 of Pros, 2 of Cons) for the exercise, 4 factors for smoking cessation (2 of Pros, 2 of Cons), 2 factors (1 of Pros, 1 of Cons) for the mammogram screening and 2 factors (1 of Pros, 1 of Cons) for Kegel's exercise of decisional balance. 3. The analysis of variance and multiple comparison analysis showed that for all 4 samples, the Cons of changing the problem behaviors outweighed the Pros for subjects who were in the pre- contemplation stage, The opposite was true for subjects in action and maintenance stage. 4. Through the discriminant analysis, it was found that one factor of Pros for exercise, one factor of Cons for smoking cessation, 1 factor of Cons for mammogram screening and one factor of Cons for Kegel's exercise were the more influencing factors, than others in discriminating the stages of change. Results are consistent with the applications of the Transtheoretical model, which have been used to understand how people change health behaviors. This results provide some evidence that subject's report of his/her health behavior corresponds to beliefs about usefulness of related health behaviors. The results of this study have implications for patients' health education and health intervention strategies. The findings of this study give useful information for nursing educators for 4 health behaviors, especially the factors relating to decision making in the different stages of change.