• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.251-263
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to review the clinical research trends in the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Korean medicine (KM). Methods: We searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, Google Scholar and five Korean databases through May 2019, for studies on KM to treat PTSD. Clinical research that conducted KM treatment of PTSD patients were included. Two researchers independently conducted study selection and data extraction process. Results: Totally, eight studies were included in this review. Types of traumatic events that patients experienced included physical violence/threatening, traffic accidents, sexual violence and personal tragic events. KM interventions performed included acupuncture, moxibustion, herbal medicine, physical therapy, and KM-based psychotherapy. Treatment duration varied from two days to more than five months. Follow-up began at least one week to three months after the end of treatments. It was reported that the major psychological and/or somatic symptoms of PTSD, such as anxiety, depression, insomnia, and musculoskeletal pain, subjectively improved, as well as other objective outcomes: Impact Event Scale-Revised Korean version (IES-R-K), Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Hwabyung Symptoms/characters, Electroencephalography (EEG) change, etc. Statistical studies were conducted in three studies only. Outcomes such as Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), BDI, and IES-R-K showed statistically significant improvement after KM treatments. There was no study reporting adverse events during or after the interventions. Conclusions: According to this review, diverse types of KM treatments have been used among PTSD patients in eight studies. The KM treatments effectively improved psychological and somatic symptoms of PTSD patients. However, the lack of high quality research as well as the lack of standardization of KM treatments for PTSD are limitations. Further methodologically robust clinical trials should be performed, and the standardization of KM treatments for PTSD should be sought.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.373-384
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• 2001

Cellular proliferation is an intricately regulated process mediated by the coordinated interactions of critical growth control genes. Two of these factors in mammalian cells are the p53 and mdm-2 genes. A protein product of the mem-2 oncogene has been recently shown to associate with the protein encoded by the tumor suppressor gene p53. The p53 tumor suppressor protein is stabilized in response to DNA damage and other stress signals and causes the cell to undergo growth arrest or apoptosis, thus preventing the establishment of mutations in future cellular generations. Mutation or loss of p53 is a very common event in tumor progression. It occurs in about 50% of all tumors analysed including of colon, lung, breast and liver. The cellular mdm-2 gene, which has potential transforming activity that can be activated by overexpression, is amplified in a significant percentage of human sarcoma and in other mammalian tumors. Proteins encoded by the mdm-2 gene are able to bind to the p53 protein and, when overexpressed, can inhibit p53's transcriptional activation function, thus mdm-2 can act as a negative regulator of p53 function. Experimental study was performed to observe the relationship between p53 gene mutation and mdm-2 protein expression and apply the results to the clinical activity. 36 golden syrian hamster each weighing $60{\sim}80g$ were used and painted with 0.5% DMBA by 3 times weekly on the right buccal cheek(experimental side) for 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 weeks. Left buccal cheek(control side) was treated with mineral oil as the same manner to the right side. The hamsters were sacrificed on the 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 & 16 weeks. Normal and tumor tissues from paraffin block were examined for histology and immunohistochemistry observation, and were completely dissected by microdissection and DNA from both tissue were isolated by proteins K/phenol/chloroform extraction. Segments of the hamster p53 exons 5, 6, 7 and 8 were amplified by PCR using the oligonucleotide primers, and then confirmational change was observed by SSCP respectively. The results were as follows : 1. Dysplasia at 6 weeks, carcinoma in situ at 8 weeks and invasive carcinoma from 10 weeks could be observed in experimental groups. 2. p53 mutations were detected in 10 of the 36(28%) and the exons 6(6 of the 10 : 60%) was the most hot spot area among the highy conserved region(exons 5, 6, 7 & 8). 3. Immunohistochemical study confirmed 22 of the 36(61%) of p53 expression involving 10 of p53 mutations. 4. mdm-2 expression of was showed in 3 of the 36(8%) involving 1 of the 22 of p53 expression and 2 of the 14 of p53 non-expression. From the above results, mutation of p53 gene or expression of p53 protein may have the influence of the DMBA induced carcinoma of hamster buccal pouch but the expression of mdm-2 protein may not have relationship with tumorigenesis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.98-103
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• 1993

연구배경 : Retinoblastoma 유전자(Rb)의 비활성화는 여러 종류의 암에서 관찰되어 왔다. Rb의 이형성의 소실(loss of heterozygosity)은 Rb의 비활성화의 가장 흔한 기전으로 소세포폐암에서는 거의 모든 예에서 관찰되나 비소세포폐암에서는 훨씬 낮은 빈도로 관찰된다고 알려져 있다. 이에 저자들은 개흉수술시 얻은 한국인의 비소세포폐암 및 정상폐조직의 DNA 에서 Rb의 변화를 관찰하였다. 방법: 폐암조직 및 정상폐조직에서 proteinase K에 의한 소화 및 phenol-chloroform 추출 방법으로 genomic DNA를 추출한 후 제한효소인 EcoRI으로 소화시키고 agarose gel 에서 전기영동분리시켰다. Southern blot 방법으로 DNA를 nylon 막에 흡착시킨 후 Rb 1 탐식자로 hybridization 시켜 stringent condition에서 세척하여 X-ray 필름에 적당기간 노출시켜 현상하였다. 결과 : 26예의 편평상피세포암중 16예에서 정상폐 DNA 에서 RFLP에 의한 Rb의 이형성이 관찰되었으며 이중 10예 (62.5%)의 폐암조직 DNA 에서 이형성의 소실이 관찰되었다. 17예의 폐선암중 11예의 정상폐 DNA 에서 RFLP에 의한 Rb의 이형성이 관찰되었으며 이중 5예 (45.4%)의 폐암 DNA 에서 이형성의 소실이 관찰되었다. Rb의 비활성화 유무에 따른 두 군 사이에 연령, 성별, 암의 병기, 암의 분화도 및 흡연력의 차이가 없었다. 결론: 이상의 결과로 Rb의 비활성화는 비소세포폐암의 발생기전에 중요한 역할을 하리라 생각된다.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.41-54
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• 2021

수자원 관리와 수재해 피해 분석 및 예측 등을 위해 원격탐사를 활용한 수체면적을 추정하는 것은 매우 필수적이다. 위성을 활용한 수체탐지는 주로 광학 및 영상레이더(Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR) 센서를 탑재한 대형(무게 1,000kg 이상) 위성을 중심으로 수행되어왔다. 그러나 긴 재방문주기(repeat cycle)로 인해 재난/재해 시 적시 활용이 불가능한 한계가 존재한다. 최근 초소형위성(무게 100kg 미만) 개발이 활발히 이루어짐에 따라 기존 대형위성 중심의 시간해상도 한계를 극복할 수 있는 계기가 되었다. 현재 활발히 운용중인 초소형 SAR 위성은 핀란드의 ICEYE와 미국의 Capella 위성으로, 지구관측을 목적으로 군집(constellation) 형태로 운용되고 있다. 군집화 운용으로 인해 짧은 재방문주기(현재 0.8회/1일) 및 고해상도(Spot(0.5m))를 가지며, SAR센서 탑재로 기상 및 주야 무관하게 관측이 가능한 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 초소형위성의 운영 현황 및 특징에 대해서 기술하였으며, 초소형 SAR 위성 영상에 최적화된 수체면적 추정기술을 한반도 대청댐 유역에 적용해 보았다. 또한 광학 위성인 Sentinel-2 위성으로부터 생성된 수체를 참조값(reference)으로 하여 초소형위성 2기와 대형위성인 Sentinel-1위성과의 면적, 상관성 분석을 수행하였다. Capella 위성의 경우 가장 적은 면적의 차를 보였으며, 세 영상 모두 높은 상관관계를 나타냄을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 초소형 SAR 위성의 낮은 NESZ(Noise Equivalent Sigma Zero)에도 불구하고 수체면적 추정이 가능함을 확인하였으며, 기존 대형 SAR 위성을 활용한 수자원/수재해 감시 활용의 한계를 극복할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.