• Fire Science and Engineering
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2014

Recently, the safety assessments with using the various evacuation programs are performed for improving the performance of fire and evacuation safety in the building. Generally, the evacuation programs can simulate the human behavior in fire situation by applying the variation of the movement speed and Fractional Effective Dose (FED) index in the smoke. However, if the simulation is performed without optional setting around the fire, the agents do not avoid the fire and they move through the fire. Therefore in this study, we define the radiative repulsion force which exists between the fire and the agents. Moreover, we modify the Helbing's movement model by adding the radiative repulsion force. As a result of the modified movement model, all agents move around the fire and they do not enter the upper bound area of radiative heat flux, $2.4kW/m^2$. From these results, we verified the reliability of the modified movement model.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2013

Evacuation process has been considered as one of the most important elements to be managed in public facilities. Although the importance is highlighted through numerous literatures, disaster evacuation planning, particularly fire accidents, faces a number of human behavior related limitations for a similar application to different types of facilities/occupants. To overcome the obstacles including complexity in human behaviors, a number of simulation techniques with limited consideration on human behaviors are utilized to predict foreseeable problems in evacuation process. Therefore, this research aims to propose system dynamics models incorporating human behaviors considering different types of occupants under disaster evacuation events. Analysis on emergent human behaviors such as group forming and interactions under urgent situation are conducted based on the main stream theories in social science field. The results suggest the influences of human behavior factors including cooperative intention, information sharing, and mobility change to evacuation behavior. The implications are expected to provide safety consideration at planning/designing phase of buildings and help facility safety managers for evacuation planning with more realistic management approaches.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.196-205
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• 2016

Background: The emergency planning zone (EPZ) of the city of Busan is divided into the precautionary actions zone (PAZ) and the urgent protective action planning zone; which have a 5-km radius and a 20-km to 21-km radius from the nuclear power plant site, respectively. In this study, we assumed that a severe accident occurred at Shin-Kori nuclear unit 3 and evaluated the dispersion speed of radiological material at each distance at various wind speeds, and estimated the effective dose equivalent and the evacuation time of PAZ residents with the goal of supporting off-site emergency action planning for the nuclear site. Materials and Methods: The total effective dose equivalent, which shows the effect of released radioactive materials on the residents, was evaluated using the RASCAL 4.2 program. In addition, a survey of 1,036 residents was performed using a standardized questionnaire, and the resident evacuation time according to road and distance was analyzed using the VISSIM 6.0 program. Results and Discussion: According to the results obtained using the VISSIM and RASCAL programs, it would take approximately 80 to 252.2 minutes for permanent residents to move out of the PAZ boundary, 40 to 197.2 minutes for students, 60 to 232.2 minutes for the infirm, such as elderly people and those in a nursing home or hospital, and 30 to 182.2 minutes for those temporarily within the area. Consequently, in the event of any delay in the evacuation, it is estimated that the residents would be exposed to up to $10mSv{\cdot}h^{-1}$ of radiation at the Exclusion Area Boundaries (EAB) boundary and $4-6mSv{\cdot}h^{-1}$ at the PAZ boundary. Conclusion: It was shown that the evacuation time for the residents is adequate in light of the time lapse from the initial moment of a severe accident to the radiation release. However, in order to minimize the evacuation time, it is necessary to maintain a system of close collaboration to avoid traffic congestion and spontaneous evacuation attempts.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 2011

In the disaster prevention design, it is important point to secure escape way at event of fire which makes people away from the fire more quickly and safely. Development of construction techniques leads to build many skyscrapers, and skyscrapers contains various dangers and increase levels of disaster. At basic design stage for skyscrapers, evacuation scenario is considered that occupants are escape using escape stairs and emergency elevators simultaneously at fire, but there is no evacuation program to simulate using escape stairs and emergency elevators at the same time. In this study, evacuation simulation is performed using method of VR which is based on Virtools of 3DVIA Co., and Simulex of IES Co. for safety and effectiveness where occupants are escape using escape stairs and emergency elevators simultaneously at the fire.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2016

National performance-based design methods and prescribed standards for various input data not defined as separated regulation, ASET and RSET fire and evacuation simulations on the data cited by different designers. This is also directly connected reliability problems for the evacuation simulation and performance-based fire. standardizing the various input to performance-based fire and evacuation simulations of a similar risk, regardless of the experience of designer or technical skills. The performance-based targets proper fire-fighting and emergency equipment installed reasonable initial investment cost to done ensure safety.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.719-724
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• 2010

Thousands of passengers and crews are onboard a cruise ship and there are many cabins and large public spaces such as atria and theaters. Therefore it is easy to cause a huge loss of life and damage to property when accidents happen at sea. To improve the safety of passenger ships, in October 2007, IMO proposed MSC.1/Circ.1238 on guidelines for evacuation analysis and recommended its use. However, this guideline is difficult to apply because ship designers need to get many pieces of information from CAD drawings such as width and length of stairs and corridors and manually calculate the evacuation time. In this paper, for practical application of the guidelines, an evacuation time calculation program is developed using AutoCAD .NET API library and C Sharp language.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2019

Currently, most small theaters in Korea are not equipped with fire escape prevention laws unlike large theaters. The small theater is a place where many people stay in a small space, which can lead to a great deal of damage in the event of a fire. Therefore, we propose an efficient evacuation method using the evacuation behavior of the crowd as a way to minimize the casualties in case of a fire in a small theater.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 한국정보통신학회 2021년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.258-259
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• 2021

Forest lodge are divided into forest resources, auxiliary facilities, and users, and are constantly being used along with well-being culture. In addition, attention to the safety of users is also required, and this study aims to study how users evacuate within a short time (golden time) in situations of natural disasters that may occur in forests. In order to search for the current location of the user and find the best evacuation route, 3D scans of the entire forest lodge(forest resources, auxiliary facilities, etc.) are performed, and the optimal trajectory to the evacuation site is found through recognition of the current location. It is believed that it is possible to provide a quick evacuation guide through a mobile device with gps.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

In this study, we provided an index for the quantitative and systematic performance based fire risk assessment. A complex cinema was adopted for the fire scenario and the fire simulation was carried out by using FDS. Also evacuation time was calculated by using SIMULEX. We obtained a big different fire risk assessment result by the focus on the between space basis and the time basis. As a result of this study, performance based fire risk assessment should be performed on the basis of individual evacuee's path line.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 한국화재소방학회 2010년도 춘계학술논문발표회 논문집
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• pp.120-125
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• 2010

건축기술의 발달에 따라 건축물은 심층화, 고층화, 대형화 하고, 내부 구조도 복잡화 되고 있으며, 화재시 인명안전에 대한 위험성은 증대 하고 있다. 최근에는 다양한 화재 및 피난 시뮬레이션 프로그램을 이용하여 화재시 건물내 사람들이 안전하게 대피 할 수 있는지를 평가하고 있다. 그러나 현재 사용되고 있는 피난 시뮬레이션 프로그램은 피난자의 종류 별 이동속도를 기준으로 한 안전성 평가는 가능 하지만, 화재시 발생하는 열 과 연기의 확산상태를 고려한 피난자의 이동속도는 적용되지 못하고 있다. 본 연구 에서는 화재 피난 시나리오에 SFPE 방화공학 핸드북의 3-362(연기속의 이동)를 참고하여, 가시도 변화를 적용한 피난자의 이동속도 저하를 구현하여 보다 현실적인 피난 프로그램을 개발하고자 한다.