• ALGAE
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.69-85
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• 2007

From six reservoirs in Gyeonggi-do, we have collected the distribution and standing crop of phytoplankton since Nov. 2005 through Sep. 2006. As a result, the phytoplankton appeared totally 340 taxa belong to 7 classes, 15 orders, 5 suborders, 32 families, 4 subfamilies, 84 genera, 283 species, 43 varieties, 9 forms and 5 unidentified species. The standing crop was shown as minimum was 0.3 × 106 cells and maximum was 5,950 × 106. The relation of standing crop with TN, TP and Chl-a showed as positive. Total 12 taxa including 2 taxa of blue-green algae occurred to every seasons at six lakes, and it was thought that they distributed in mesotrophic state. Also, Achnanthes minutissima, Aulacoseira granulata, Eudorina elegans, Gloeocystis ampla, Pandorina morum, Pediastrum simplex var. duodenarium, Scenedesmus ecornis were regarded as the indicators of eutrophic state. From the estimation of LTSI and TSI, it was shown that the rest of lakes except for Idong reservoir of winter were eutrophic states.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.386-393
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• 2009

This study was carried out to assess water quality and to introduce the management measures for water quality improvement with the collected data from 87 agricultural reservoirs in Han river watershed. According to the water quality criteria (WQC) for lake based on the COD, TP, TN and chl.a concentration, 18, 16, 4 and 19 of 87 reservoirs exceed class IV, respectively. Based on the trophic state index (TSI) with chl.a concentration, 51 of selected reservoirs appeared to be eutrophic. Phosphorus was limiting nutrient on algal growth in 58 reservoirs. TP, chl.a and COD concentration in 23 of 49 agricultural reservoirs with chl.a concentration ${\geq}25{\mu}g/L$ and eutrophic exceed class IV by WQC. Also, the mean depth in 21 of 23 reservoirs was below 5m. Our results suggest that advanced wastewater treatment and crop land control in watershed of reservoirs with TP concentration ${\geq}0.1mg/L$ would be a effective tool to improve water quality. Dredging would to be effective measure in reservoirs with mean depth < 5 m and relatively old age. In reservoirs with chl.a concentration ${\geq}50{\mu}g/L$, application of technique such dissolved air flotation (DAF) and P inactivation be effective to improve water quality by removing particulate matters in water column. The management measure to control inflow such as sedimentation basin, Pre-dam and diversion would to be application in reservoirs with shallow depth, while large watershed and surface area.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.357-367
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• 2007

Recently, eutrophication or lake and reservoir has become serious problem to man who want use that water for several purpose. In order to solve the eutrophication problem, the trophic state of that eutrophic lake and reservoir should be measured properly. For the purpose of this, various method to indicate the trophic state of lake and reservoir was developed by many researchers. This research was conducted to evaluate characteristics and eutrophication of water qualitymfor small scale reservoir in Kunsan. On-site investigation to 5 reservoirs and laboratory experiment were carried out during four seasons from November, 2003 to July, 2004. Twelve items measured field ana a laboratory. Measured data was analyzed to quantitative method by multivariate approach and eutrophication index. The result is summarized as following. 1) Showing the characteristics of water quality for reservoir in Kunsan, Okgu reservoir and Oknua reservoir was exceeded 4 grades of agricultural water standard in TP, TN and COD. This means that eutrophication was gone much, therefore, water-purity control of reservoir need. While, Mije reservoir that is used to Kunsan citizens' recreation was good in water quality. But, water quality exceeded 4 grades of agricultural Dater standard sometimes. 2) As a results of correlation analysis between variables of water qualify, Interrelation between variables which is connected with eutrophication was expressed good relationship as above 6.000 in correlation coefficients. The correlation coefficient(r) between COD and chlorophyll-a, total phosphorus and chlorophyll-a, total nitrogen and chlorophyll-a were 0.750, 0.720 and 0.600 respectively. Therefore, Change of water quality can grasp according to eutrophication progress degree. 3) If do evaluate to eutrophication by quantitative method which is proposed by OECD, US-EPA and Forsberg & Ryding, in the case of chlorophyll a, Okgu, Oknua and Daewi reservoir was eutrophic state and Mije and Geumgul reservoir was mesotrophic state. But, estimation by TN and TP showed highly eutrophic state (hypereutrophic) in all reservoirs. 4) If do evaluate by eutrophication index which is Carlson's TSI, revised carlson TSI and Walker's index, in the case of chlorophyll a, TSI values of Okgu, Oknua and Daewi reservoir is eutrophic state more than 50 and Mije and Geumgul reservoir was mesotrophic state as range of $40{\sim}50$ in TSI value. But, in the case of TP as nutrients, all reservoirs showed highly eutrophic state which was exceed to 70 in TSI value. According to above results, the water quality for small scale reservoirs in Kunsan is progressing by trophic state. therefore, for continuous use as agriculture water, we had better do establishment of management plan about water quality.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2004

Cyanobacteria are the dominant phototrophic bacteria in water environments. Here, the diversity of cyanobacteria in seven Korean reservoir waters where different levels of algal blooms were observed during the summer of 2002, was examined by T-RFLP analysis. The number of T-RF bands in the HaIII T-RFLP profiles analyzed from those water samples ranged from 20 to 44. Of these, cyanobacteria accounted for 6.1 to 27.2％ of the total bacteria. The water samples could be clustered into 2 groups according to the Dice coefficient of the T -RF profiles. The eutrophic Dunpo and oligotrophic Chungju reservoirs were selected, and several representative clones from both reservoir waters analyzed for the nucleotide sequences of their 16S rDNA. The major clones were found to belong to the Microcystis and Anabaena species in the waters from the Dunpo and Chungju reservoirs, respectively, which was in agreement with the T-RFLP result. That is, the Microcystis and Anabaena species were dominant in the eutrophic and polluted Dunpo and oligotrophic Chungju reservoir waters, respectively. These results indicated that there is a correlation between prevalence of cyanobacterial species and levels of pollution in reservoir waters.

• 생태와환경
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.174-189
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• 2012

본 연구는 인공호의 영양 단계에 따른 피라미 개체군의 전장-체중 관계 및 비만도 지수 (K)의 차이를 알아보기 위해 2008년~2010년까지 부안호, 양양호, 진양호, 금풍지, 예당지 및 마산지 등의 6개 인공호를 대상으로 실시하였으며, 광범위한 분포 특성과 섭식 특성을 보이는 피라미(Zacco platypus)를 본 연구의 대상 어종으로 선정하였다. 총인 (TP)과 엽록소-a (Chl-a)를 이용한 영양상태지수(TSI) 분석 결과 양양호와 부안호는 빈영양(30~40), 진양호와 금풍지는 중영양 (40~50), 예당지와 마산지는 부영양 (50~70)상태로 나타났다. 6개 호수에서 총 47종 26,226개체의 어류가 채집되었으며, 빈영양호 (양양호, 부안호)에서는 민감종이 우세한 현상을 보였다. 한편, 중영양호 (진양호, 금풍지)와 부영양호 (예당지, 마산지)에서는 내성종이 우세한 것으로 분석되어 호수의 영양 상태에 따라 우세종의 내성특성에 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 전장-체중 관계 분석 결과에 따르면, 회귀계수 b값은 중 영양호(3.07~3.17)와 부영양호(3.15~3.21)에 비해 빈영양호 (2.77~2.79)에서 낮은 값을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 호수의 영양상태가 피라미 개체군의 성장도에 영향을 주는 것으로 사료된다. 전장에 따른 비만도 지수 (K) 관계 분석 결과 중영양호와 부영양호에서는 양의 기울기를 보인 반면, 빈영양호에서는 음의 기울기를 나타내 호수의 영양상태에 따라 차이를 보였다. TSI (TP), TSI (Chl-a)와 회귀계수 b값의 상관관계를 분석한 결과 b=0.012*TSI (TP)+2.395 ($R^2$=0.797, p=0.017), b=0.013*TSI (Chl-a)+2.367 ($R^2$=0.822, p=0.013)으로 나타나 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 한편, 부영양화가 진행될수록, 비정상개체의 비율이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로, 전장-체중 관계와 비만도 지수 분석에 의한 피라미 개체군의 성장도는 영양염류나 식물플랑크톤의 생체량과 같은 영양상태를 반영하는 것으로 사료되며, 과도한 부영양화는 수환경의 오염을 초래하여 피라미 개체군의 성장과 건강도에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료된다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.214-222
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 국내 분포하고 있는 490개 저수지를 대상으로 유역특성과 수질과의 관계를 조사하였고, TSI편차분석을 통해 유형을 구분하여 영양염 측면에서의 각 유형별 특성을 조사하였다. 본 연구 대상저수지에서 수심이 얕을수록 부영양화 가능성이 높게 나타났다. 유역 내 논과 밭의 이용면적이 30%이상인 경우 수체 내 TP농도는 평균 0.1 mg $L^{-1}$ 이상이었다. TN 농도는 유역전체면적 중 논의 면적이 25% 이상인 경우에 평균 2.6 mg $L^{-1}$이상의 분포를 나타냈다. TSI편차를 통해 구분된 형태 중 TYPE III에 해당하는 저수지의 수질항목별 평균 농도는 다른 두 형태에 포함된 저수지에서 보다 2배 이상 높은 수준이었다. TYPE III에 포함된 저수지는 다른 두 유형에 포함된 저수지와 비교해 부영양상태이고, 수심이 얕으며, 수표면적에 대한 유역면적비 (DA/RA)가 작고, 논과 밭으로의 이용면적이 넓었다. TYPE I과 II에 포함된 저수지의 수질은 TYPE II에서 BOD와 엽록소 ${\alpha}$농도가 높은 것을 제외하고는 유사한 수준이었고, 형태학적 특성(평균수심, DA/RA)이나 토지이용형태 또한 유사하였다. TYPE I에 포함된 저수지들에서는 인이 조류성장에 대한 일차적인 제한요인은 아닌 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 모든 대상저수지에서 인의 제한가능성이 나타났으며, 토지이용형태, 특히 유역 내 논과 밭으로의 이용면적은 저수지의 수질을 결정하는 매우 중요한 인자였다.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2019

우리나라 저수지의 수질 특성과 이에 영향을 미치는 환경요인을 파악하기 위하여, 운영목적, 수위변동 및 지리적 분포가 다양한 73개 저수지를 선정하여 수질 요인으로 화학적산소요구량 (COD), 엽록소 a (Chl a), 총인 (TP), 총질소 (TN)를, 수문지형 요인으로 연수위변동폭, 총저수량, 댐의 고도, 유역 면적, 호안발달도 (shoreline development index)를, 토지피복 요인으로서 산림, 농경지 및 도시화지역의 면적비율을 조사하였다. 저수지 수질은 유역의 도시화지역과 농업지역의 면적 비율이 크고, 고도가 낮고 연수위변동폭과 유역면적이 좁으며 총저수량이 적고 원형에 가까운 형태의 저수지에서 더욱 부영양화가 심하였다. 저수지 운영목적에서는 농업용수용 저수지가 홍수조절용 저수지보다 수질이 좋지 않았다. 변수선택과 경로분석의 결과에서, TP에 의한 Chl a에 영향을 받는 COD는 수위변동폭과 호안발달도에 의하여 직접적으로 영향을 받았다. 또한 TP는 유역의 도시화면적에 의하여 직접적으로 영향을 받으며 토지이용은 저수지의 고도와 관련이 있었다. 한편 TP는 수위변동폭과 호안발달도에 영향을 받았다. 결론적으로 우리나라의 저수지 부영양화는 유역의 토지이용, 수문적, 지형적 특성에 의하여 영향을 받으며, 특히 저수지 운영목적에 따른 인위적인 물관리에 의한 수위변동과 저수지의 위치에 의하여 수질 특징이 결정된다고 생각된다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.333-339
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• 2008

This study was carried out to assay the relationships between empirical factors and water quality in 23 agricultural reservoirs. Based on the trophic state index (TSI) deviation analysis, phosphorus in type II and III was the primary limiting factor on algal growth. BOD, COD, TP and chl.a concentration in type III reservoirs showed higher concentration than those of other types, while SS and TN concentration was no noticeable difference among three types. Characteristics of type III reservoirs showed large reservoir surface and drainage area, large surface area to volume (SAV) ratio, small drainage area to reservoir area (DA/RA) ratio, relatively old age, large paddy field and upland field to drainage area ratio (Mean 17.4%) and high generation and discharge loads compared to other types of reservoirs. In type I and II reservoirs, trends of BOD, TN, TP concentration in water column, were similar to those of the discharge load of pollutants. Although type II reservoirs generally showed low phosphorus discharge loads compared to type I reservoirs, TP and chl.a concentration in water column was greater than that of type I. Characteristics of type II reservoirs showed relatively large SAV ratio and old age compared to type I reservoirs and was similar to those of type III including eutrophic reservoirs.

• 생태와환경
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.146-159
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• 2014

In this study, we evaluated the temporal changes of water quality in the 90 reservoirs in Korea and the relationships between water quality and their environmental factors in the reservoirs for effective management of reservoirs. The majority of study reservoirs were categorized as the eutrophic state based on Carlson's trophic index. Among 90 reservoirs, more than 55.0% were nutrient-rich based on $TSI_{TP}$ in each month, where more than 50.0% were nutrient-rich based on $TSI_{Chl-a}$ from June to November. Seasonal Mann-Kendall test was used to analyze temporal variation of water quality in the selected 60 reservoirs using monthly data from 2004 to 2008. The results showed that 27 (45.0%) reservoirs showed the improvement of water quality based on TP and Chl-a concentrations, while 14 (23.3%) and 11 (18.3%) reservoirs displayed the degradation of water quality based on TP and Chl-a concentrations, respectively. Meanwhile, a self-organizing map classified the study reservoirs into five groups based on differences of hydrogeomorphology (altitude, catchment area, bank height, lake age, etc.). Physicochemical factors and land use/cover types showed clear differences among groups. Finally, hydrogeomorphology of reservoirs were related to water quality, indicating that the hydrogeomorphological characters strongly affect water quality of reservoirs.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.512-517
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• 2007

The limiting nutrient of eutrophication in freshwater bodies in Korea was examined and the phosphorus concentration standard for sewage treatment effluent was discussed. The weight ratio of N/P in 13 major reservoirs showed the range of 18 to 163, which implies phosphorus is more limited than nitrogen for algal growth. In the correlation analysis phosphorus showed higher correlation with chlorophyll-a concentration than with nitrogen. In the algal bioassay phosphorus spike test enhanced algal growth in all 25 samples of five reservoirs, while nitrogen was found to co-limit only in four samples. It confirms that phosphorus is the only limiting nutrient for eutrophication in Korean reservoirs. As many reservoirs are eutrophic in Korea, phosphorus control is critical for the management of water quality. The phosphorus standard of sewage treatment effluent in Korea was compared with other countries, and it can be concluded that phosphorus standard is too high to be effective in eutrophication control and a lower phosphorus standard is essential for the water quality improvement.