• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.451-455
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• 2003

심폐소생술 지침은 과거에 미국심장학회 지침과 유럽소생학회 지침으로 크게 양분되어 있었으나, 2000년 8월에 국제심폐소생술 위원회에 의한 공동 지침으로 ‘심폐소생술과 응급심장 처치에 관한 지침 2000’이 완성되었다. 현재까지 심폐소생술로써 환자의 생존율에 괄목할 만한 향상이 없으므로 보다 새로운 지식으로써 적절히 임상에 적용하는 것이 최선의 방법이라 할 수 있다. 새 지침의 특징은 알고리듬의 단순화와 과학적인 결과를 바탕으로 하였으며,성인 심정지 환자의 기본소생처치에서 심장 마사지 : 인공 호흡을 15 : 2로 통일하고 일반인에게는 경동맥 촉지법과 하임리히법을 가르치지 않는다는 것이다. 흡입 산소농도에 따라 호흡 흡입량의 차이를 두었으며, 기관 삽관의 튜브 크기를 8.0mm로 통일하였고, 심실빈맥/심실세동의 알고리듬에서 epinephrine대신에 vasopressin을 사용할 수 있게 하였으며, 자동 제세동기의 사용을 권장하였다. 또 급성 관상동맥 증후군에서는 병원 도착 전에 심전도를 중요시하고 혈전용해제를 조기에 사용할 수 있게 하였으며 급성 허혈성 뇌졸중에서도 병원 도착 전에 적절한 평가와 빠른 혈전용해제 사용이 추가되었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.314-326
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted to identify the ingredients used in ten consumer product categories and determine hazardous substances among these ingredients. Methods: A total of 542 commercial products in ten consumer product categories were selected. The consumer products were sticker removers, washing machine cleaners, multi-purpose cleaners, mold removers, glass cleaners, chlorinated sanitizers, air conditioner cleaners, disposal cleaners, drain cleaners and disinfectant sprays. The company list was complied from governmental records and a market survey. The respective companies were contacted for a list of ingredients found in the 542 products. Results: The corresponding companies listed 163 ingredients. According to European Union (EU) Directive 67/548/EEC, 38 of the 163 ingredients were classified as dangerous substances. Among these substances, 28 ingredients were hazardous to the skin, 15 were hazardous to the eye, and nine were hazardous if inhaled. Three ingredients were classified as CMR (carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic for reproduction) substances: liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) with carcinogenicity and mutagenicity, and VM&P naphtha and ligroine with carcinogenicity. Conclusion: Various chemicals, including hazardous substances, were used in consumer products. Risk assessment of consumer products is required in order to protect the population from health risks.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.433-445
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• 2015

Objectives: The major objectives of this study are to review the issues surrounding trade secret claims in the Chemicals Control Act and Amendment on Occupational Safety and Health Act(1917-227) and to propose a way of improving the reliability of chemical information in MSDSs, labels and National Chemical Survey results. Materials: To review the issues on trade secret claims, we made an analysis frame which was divided into three steps: Value and Problem Recognition; New Regulation Design; and Enforcement and Amendment. We then compared Korean issues with issues from the United States' Hazard Communication Standard and Emergency Planning & Community Right-to-Know Act, Canada's Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System and Hazardous Materials Information Review Act and the European Union's Regulation on Classification, Labelling and Packaging of substances and Mixtures. Results: The stage of right-to-know development in Korea has passed the Value and Problem Recognition phase, so efforts are needed to elaborately design new regulation. Conclusions: We recommend two ways to improve right-to-know in Korea. First, strict examination of the quality of documents for trade secret claims is very important. Second, trade secrets should be limited to less-hazardous substances.

• 천문학회보
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.49.2-49.2
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• 2015

Galaxy cluster is the most important laboratoriy to study the effect of environment on galaxies, one of key questions in astronomy. In the local universe, it is well known that red, passive galaxies are concentrated in the cluster core. However, it is still controversial whether the star formation-density relation at the low redshift is retained in the distant universe. Many surveys have tried to find galaxy clusters at various epochs. However the optical dataset has limitations in finding galaxy clusters at z > 1, since the bulk of stellar emission of z > 1 galaxies is redshifted into the near-IR regime. We used the multi-wavelength data from the UKIDSS DXS (J and K bands), the SWIRE (4 IRAC bands), and the PAN-STARRS (g, r, i, z, y bands) and IMS (J band; Im et al. 2015, in preparation) in the European Large Area ISO Survey North1 (ELAIS-N1) field to search for high redshift galaxy clusters and study the properties of member galaxies. Using the multi-wavelength data, we investigated overdensities of galaxies at 0.2 < z < 1.6 based on the photometric redshift information. We found several superclusters where cluster candidates are concentrated within scales of few tens of Mpc at z ~ 0.9. Interestingly, some of the supercluster candidates consist of galaxy clusters which are dominated by blue galaxies. We will present high redshift galaxy cluster and supercluster candidates in ELAIS-N1 field and galaxy properties in different environments including dense clusters and fields.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.147-155
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• 2001

본 연구의 목적은 20세기 미국 그래픽 디자인에 대한 역사적인 고찰을 통해 미국이 유럽의 디자인 전통을 발전적으로 계승하는 한편, 자신들만의 독자적인 자기 정체성을 확립해 가는 과정을 살펴보고 그 현재적 의미를 파악하는 것이다. 제1장에서는 20세기 미국 그래픽 디자인의 발전과정을 초반·중반·후반으로 나누어 각 시기별 특징을 살펴보았고, 제2장에서는 정체성 문제를 고민한 미국 그래픽 디자이너들의 사례를 통해 그들의 문제의식과 해결방식들을 살펴보았다. 20세기 미국 그래픽 디자인은 자국의 사회, 문화적 특수성을 반영한 독자적인 디자인 전통을 만들어가려는 노력을 통해 발전해왔다. 이 과정에서 주목할 만한 것은 미국의 디자이너들이 디자인 문제를 단지 예술이나 조형, 혹은 미학적인 차원에서만 접근하지 않고 마케팅과 테크놀러지의 중요성을 일찍이 간파한 점이다. 이를 바탕으로 미국 디자이너들은 디자인 비즈니스를 활성화하고 새로운 디자인 매체를 적극 개발함으로써 그래픽 디자인의 개념을 확장시키는데 큰 역할을 했다

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권22호
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• pp.9753-9757
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• 2014

Purpose: To study the quality of life and to identify associated factors among breast cancer patients undergoing treatment in national cancer centers in Nepal. Materials and Methods: One hundred breast cancer patients were selected and interviewed using a structured questionnaire. European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer EORTC-QLQ-C30 and EORTC-QLQ-BR23 were used to assess quality of life and modified Medical Outcome Study -Social Support survey(mMOS-SS) was used to assess social support. Only multi-item scales of EORTC C30 and BR23 were analyzed for relationships. Independent sample T-tests and ANOVA were applied to analyze differences in mean scores. Results: The score of global health status/quality of life (GHS/GQoL) was marginally above average (mean=52.8). The worst performed scales in C-30 were emotional and social function while best performed scales were physical and role function. In BR-23, most of the patients fell into the problematic group regarding sexual function and enjoyment. Almost 90% had financial difficulties. Symptom scales did not demonstrate many problems. Older individuals, patients with stage I breast cancer and thosewith good social support were found to have good GHS/GQoL. Of all the influencing factors, social support was established to have strong statistical associations with most of the functional scales: GHS/GQoL (0.003), emotional function (<0.001), cognitive function (0.020), social function (<0.001) and body image function (0.011). Body image was significantly associated with most of the influencing factors: monthly family income (0.003), type of treatment (<0.001), type of surgery (<0.001), stage of cancer (0.017) and social support (0.011). Conclusions: Strategies to improve social support of the patients undergoing treatment should be given priority and financial difficulties faced by breast cancer patients should be well addressed from a policy making level by initiating health financing system.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2014

화력발전소 석탄재는 2010년을 기준으로 약 850만톤, 연탄재는 약 74만톤 배출된다. 이는 대량 재활용되지 않아 경제적, 환경적으로 부담이 되고 있는 실정이므로, 석탄 연소부산물의 자원화기술개발이 시급하다. 석탄 연소부산물을 균질하게 가공하는 분쇄 및 선별 등의 자원처리기술을 적용하고, 석탄 연소부산물의 품질을 관리하여, 비소성 그린시멘트인 지오폴리머의 원료로 재활용하고자 본 연구에서는 석탄 연소부산물의 지오폴리머 원료화 기술에 대한 특허와 논문을 분석하였다. 분석범위는 1979년 ~ 2013년까지의 미국, 유럽연합, 일본, 한국의 등록/공개된 특허와 SCI 논문으로 제한하였다. 특허와 논문은 키워드를 사용하여 수집하였으며, 기술의 정의에 의해 필터링하였다. 특허와 논문의 동향은 연도, 국가, 기업, 기술 등에 따라 분석하여 고찰하였다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.285-291
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• 2016

Spathius exarator의 종 그룹에 속하는 S. ibarakius Belokobylskij et Maeto가 한반도에서 알락하늘소(Anoplophora chinensis)의 1령과 2령 유충에 외부기생하는 것으로 확인되었다. 산란유인목을 이용하여 유리알락하늘소와 알락하늘소의 기생봉을 탐색하는 과정에서 이 고치벌이 발견되었다. 이 고치벌의 진단형질과 수컷의 특징, 삽화 및 한반도에 분포하는 종들의 기주목록을 함께 제공하였다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.219-228
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• 2014

Objectives: This paper was aimed to investigate the adhesion control standards of pain relieving patch (PRP) drugs and to survey it's adverse effects on the skin of patients for safe use of PRP drugs. Methods: In this study, the related documents of PRP drugs of Korea pharmacopoeia (KP), United States pharmacopoeia (USP), Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP), European pharmacopoeia (EP), and information web sites of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) were surveyed. Also, the past and current labeling of PRP drugs marketed in the pharmacy was investigated and compared. Results: In KP and JP, the lower limit standard for PRP's adhesion control is established, but the upper limit standard is not designated. In USP and EP, neither the lower nor upper limit standard is established. The main reasons of skin adverse effects are considered as inherent adverse reactions of the applied drugs for PRP. Another reason is involved in patient's medication mistakes related to PRP's adhesion control, respiratory depression of skin according to physical skin closure, and microbial growth, etc. Conclusion: For safe use of PRP drugs, we proposed ensured guidelines like additional instructions of pharmacist's prescription and detailed labeling systems for usage of PRP drugs applied on skin.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권13호
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• pp.5219-5223
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• 2015

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection as a serious problem in both adults and children can induce chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and possibly gastric cancer. The aim of the current study was to survey antibiotic resistance and also to determine influence of PPAR$\gamma$ polymorphism in patients with H. pylori infection. During an 11-month-period, 98 H. pylori isolates were collected from 104 biopsy specimens. In vitro susceptibility of H. pylori isolates to 4 antimicrobial agents metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin and tetracycline were assessed by quantitative method according to European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) guideline. PPAR$\gamma$ polymorphism was determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. The frequency of H. pylori infection in our study was 94.2%. In vitro susceptibility data showed that highest level of resistance was related to metronidazole (66.3%), and the majority of H. pylori isolates were highly susceptible to amoxicillin and tetracycline (94.9% and 96.9%, respectively). Genotypic frequencies were 25.5% for CC (Pro12Pro), 40.8% for GC (Pro12Ala) and 33.7% for GG (Ala12Ala). In our study, CG genotype had highest distributions among infected patients with H. pylori. The study suggests that the PPAR-$\gamma$ Pro12Ala polymorphism could be evaluated as a potential genetic marker for susceptibility to gastric cancer in the presence of H. pylori infection.