• Strategy21
• /
• s.37
• /
• pp.177-192
• /
• 2015

The Chinese government portrays the One Belt One Road Initiative (BRI) and South Korea President Park Geun-hae's Eurasia Initiative as a win-win opportunity which will hurt nobody's interests, but some South Korean commentators have interpreted it as much more than just a trade and development deal: they focus on the geopolitical implications and the possibility that the balance of power in Asia will be disturbed. South Korea depends upon its maritime-oriented Sea Lanes of Communication (SLOC) in focusing on its alliance with the US to deter North Korean threats and explore its export-based economic growth and development, and yet cannot afford to be left out of these initiatives which could transform the economic and logistical linkage between South Korea and Europe. Given its negative reception by the some pundits, however, South Korea should be more precautious for expressing only full-fledged supports for the BRI and Eurasia Initiative. Opponents of these two initiatives doubt that its putative benefits can be realized, at least in the short term, arguing that creating the necessary rail interconnections may be too costly.

• Acta Via Serica
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.53-78
• /
• 2023

The paper presents some new results illustrating some developments related to the concept of the Silk Road and subsequent methodological reflections. New laboratory results of scientific analyses of plants, minerals, and human remains in combination with more conventional methods of research contribute to a better understanding of the multidirectionality of exchanges in Pre- and Protohistory. Unsuspected long-distance transfers of items, especially of metals (tin) and biological materials (plants, pathogens, etc.) are discovered. Adding ancient DNA and petroglyphs to the vexed question of the Indo-European migrations across Eurasia complexifies the familiar linguistic, historical, and archaeological research landscape. Recent excavations show the impact of the adoption of artistic elements adapted from the Achaemenid arts, far in the steppe world, and up to China. Multidirectional (including North-South lanes) and multidisciplinary approaches leave space and hope for more rigorous scientific modelizations for the archaeology of Eurasia and the Silk Road.

• Asian review of World Histories
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.169-188
• /
• 2013

Tabriz under Mongol Ilkhanate rule commanded a global reach in the thirteenth-century Afro-Eurasian world. Tabriz functioned during this period not only as a commercial emporium and diplomatic center but as a seat of innovative artistic and intellectual activity. Consideration of Tabriz as a world historical city offers insight into the economic and social dynamics that shaped a critical passage in Eurasia's history including regions of the Mediterranean and East Asian zones.

• The monthly packaging world
• /
• s.295
• /
• pp.96-97
• /
• 2017

• The monthly packaging world
• /
• s.271
• /
• pp.104-106
• /
• 2015

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.16 no.7
• /
• pp.199-211
• /
• 2018

Ever since Korea was geopolitically divided into North and South Korea in the 1940s, South Korea has depended on maritime transportation for global trade and logistics. Now, however, South Korea is preparing to develop a new global route for trans-Eurasia logistics passing through North Korea. Even though there are difficulties to overcome, South Korea expects that a new overland route, shorter than the existing seaways in the Europe-Asia section, will bring more frequent trade with more rapid and cost-effective logistics services in the future. Related to this issue, this study aims to proactively analyze dynamic logistics changes in South Korea when a trans-Korea railway is developed and linked with the trans-China railway and the trans-Siberian railway. This study employed a system dynamics simulation approach to model the logistics system in South Korea. The simulation results indicated that the traffic of the Uiwang inland container depot near the capital area may increase but the traffic of the Port of Busan may decrease. With supplementary research, consequently, follow-up studies on adjusting the traffic capacity in Korea are required to attain successful trans-Eurasia logistics by rail.

• Strategy21
• /
• s.37
• /
• pp.144-176
• /
• 2015

In September 2013, President Park Geun-hye announced her controversial "Look North" policy, of which the most salient aspect is the "Eurasia Initiative". This comprises various proposals designed to overcome existing constraints by developing new markets and creating new economic partners in continental areas from which South Korea has been alienated since the end of World War II, and this dovetails nicely with China's One Belt, One Road Initiative. The concepts of the "Silk Road Rail Express (SRX)" and the "East Sea Rim Maritime Community (ESRMC)" have also been discussed. SRX is at present a purely symbolic railroad project intended to encourage individual, cultural, trade and diplomatic exchanges. ESRMC is a model for establishing an ad hoc community to promote regional economic cooperation around the East Sea. President Park's Eurasia Initiative will provide South Korean investment for the Northeast to complement Russian plans, like the "Northern Energy Road" being built by Gazprom, and Chinese plans, like the Chang-Ji-Tu Development Plan for the North Korean port of Rajin. China's trade, as well as its energy and food supplies, pass through the Strait of Malacca and the Indian Ocean, and are thus vulnerable to interdiction by India or the US. China is therefore trying to reduce its exposure geopolitical risk by establishing a network of corridors between the Belt and the Road to provide alternative paths. The "China-Pakistan Economic Corridor" and the "China-Myanmar Economic Corridor" provide such connections, and South Korea hopes that SRX and ESRMC can become part of a "China-South Korea Economic Corridor". This concept could do much to revitalize the underdeveloped northern provinces of China and Russia's Far East, not to mention North Korea. By linking up the Trans-Siberian Railway, the Trans-China Railway, the Trans-Mongolian Railway and the Trans-Korean Railway all these Asian countries will be connected to one another, and ultimately to Europe. An interim connection between China and South Korea using a rail-ferry has also been proposed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2010.03a
• /
• pp.58-69
• /
• 2010

Turkey Eurasia Tunnel Project is large scale road construction project of which the total length is 14.6km. The subsea shield TBM tunnel will be constructed under Bosphorus strait and the project site is in poor condition as composite ground, high water pressure and earthquake. The design procedure of subsea tunnel was introduced with tender design materials. That procedure contains tunnel type, TBM type and the principal design items considering geological condition such as high water pressure, composite ground and seismic area. This paper states the progress for geotechnical investigation, seismic analysis and TBM tunnel design. Analysis for geotechnical investigation is in progress, aseismatic design is going on stability study for liquefaction and structure. In addition, the performance of shield TBM to be considered such as advance rate and improvement of TBM was reviewed. The plan of fire safety was also reviewed with respect to fire protection.

• Acta Via Serica
• /
• v.2 no.2
• /
• pp.133-162
• /
• 2017

The Bering Strait crossing would link the entirety of Eurasia to the entirety of the Americas, and it can be seen as a natural extension of the historical Silk Road. There are some immense geopolitical benefits to such a project. It would bring about a profound and lasting change to the global economic and political outlook. The most valued function of the Bering Strait crossing and the extension of the associated railroad network would be to release the massive natural resources trapped underneath the tundra and permafrost for the benefit of Russia and the world. Moreover, the railroad project(s) would also build development corridors in those underdeveloped parts of the Russian Federation. The development of the resources and their rapid transportation to the global markets would contribute not only to the overall development of the region but also would be valuable for the resource-poor countries of Northeast Asia such as Japan, Korea, and China (relative to its economic size). This paper will explore the possible impact(s) of the Bering Strait crossing as a formidable infrastructure project for the economic development of the Russian Far East (RFE) from the Russian perspective under the frame of geopolitics. Furthermore, it will equally scrutinize the implications for the adjacent countries in the region.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
• /
• v.36
• /
• pp.105-156
• /
• 2003

Archaeological research on the Xiongnu began in the late 19th century by a Russian archaeologist Talko-Grinchevich. The Xiongnu culture has been reported in the northern steppe of China and eastern part of Eurasian steppe. Mainly, Xiongnu sites, dated from the late 2nd century B.C. to the 1st century A.D., are reported on the east side of Baikal Lake(Zabaikal), east Mongolia, and the Inner Mongolia of China. Based on the historical records and the archaeological remains, the North Xiongnu culture is defined to be the remains of Zabaikal, and the South Xiongnu culture the archaeological remains of Nothern China. The expelled North Xiongnu, while fleeing to the western part of Eurasia, left traces of their own archaeological remains in the Southern Kazakhstan, Xinjiang of China, Altai, and finally appeared in the Europe as Huns. The most characteristic archaeological materials of the Xiongnu are bronze plaques and ceramics made by handicraft, and highly developed iron weapons. After the power of the Xiongnu was dissolved in 1st c. A.D., previously subordinated peoples such as Xianbi, Wuhuan, Wusun rised in the Eurasia steppes and opened medieval age in Eurasia. The "northern type" materials found in Korea are dated to the period of Xiongnu or slightly later, we need to pay more attention to the contemporary Xiongnu. research.