• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제51권1호
• /
• pp.89-110
• /
• 2014

In this study, two beam-column elements based on the Elasto-Fiber element theory for reinforced concrete (RC) element have been developed and compared with each other. The first element is based on Elasto Fiber Approach (EFA) was initially developed for steel structures and this theory was applied for RC element in there and the second element is called as Fiber & Bernoulli-Euler element approach (FBEA). In this element, Cubic Hermitian polynomials are used for obtaining stiffness matrix. The beams or columns element in both approaches are divided into a sub-element called the segment for obtaining element stiffness matrix. The internal freedoms of this segment are dynamically condensed to the external freedoms at the ends of the element by using a dynamic substructure technique. Thus, nonlinear dynamic analysis of high RC building can be obtained within short times. In addition to, external loads of the segment are assumed to be distributed along to element. Therefore, damages can be taken account of along to element and redistributions of the loading for solutions. Bossak-${\alpha}$ integration with predicted-corrected method is used for the nonlinear seismic analysis of RC frames. For numerical application, seismic damage analyses for a 4-story frame and an 8-story RC frame with soft-story are obtained to comparisons of RC element according to both approaches. Damages evaluation and propagation in the frame elements are studied and response quantities from obtained both approaches are investigated in the detail.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제75권6호
• /
• pp.737-746
• /
• 2020

This paper attempts to investigate the free vibration of functionally graded material beams with nonuniform width based on the nonlocal elasticity theory. The theoretical formulations are established following the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, and the governing equations of motion of the system are derived from the minimum total potential energy principle using the nonlocal elasticity theory. In addition, the Differential Quadrature Method (DQM) is applied, along with the Chebyshev-Gauss-Lobatto polynomials, in order to determine the weighting coefficient matrices. Furthermore, the effects of the nonlocal parameter, cross-section area of the functionally graded material (FGM) beam and various boundary conditions on the natural frequencies are examined. It is observed that the nonlocal parameter and boundary conditions significantly influence the natural frequencies of the functionally graded material beam cross-section. The results obtained, using the Differential Quadrature Method (DQM) under various boundary conditions, are found in good agreement with analytical and numerical results available in the literature.

• 대한조선학회논문집
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.125-133
• /
• 1993

중간구속조건을 갖는 보 및 보-기둥의 진동에 관한 기존연구들의 대부분은 Euler 보이론틀에서 다루었다. 세장비가 작은 경우 또는 세장비가 큰 경우일지라도 고차진동에 대해서는 Timoshenko 이론들에 의한 해석이 요구되나, Timoshenko 보 및 보-기둥에 관한 연구사례는 적은 편이다. 본 연구에서는 Timoshenko 보-기둥에 대해서 양단경계조건을 병진스프링 회전스프링 구속으로, 중간구속조건을 임의 갯수의 집중질량 병진스프링 회전스프링으로 일반화하여 정식화한 다음 엄밀해법을 제시하고, 아울러 엄밀해법의 연산부담이 매우 큰 점을 고려하여 적정한 Rayleigh-Ritz 해석에 대해서도 검토하였다. Rayleigh-Ritz 해석에 있어서는 우선 기준계의 고유함수를 이용하는 방법이 고려될 수 있으나 이 경우에도 Euler 보이론과는 달라서 연산부담이 역시 큰 편이다. 따라서 기준계의 고유함수와 같은 성질을 갖는 다항식을 도출하고 이를 이용하는 Rayleigh-Ritz 해석의 유용성에 관해 검토했다. 한편, 본 연구의 대상계와 같은 복합계에 대해서는 최적설계관점에서 설계변수변경에 따른 재해석문제 또한 중요한 과제임을 고려하여, 특성다항식 이용 Rayleigh-Ritz 방법에 기초하여 계산되는 동특성 1차 감도의 유용성도 검토되었다. 수치 계산예를 통해 전기 특성 다항식을 이용한 Rayleigh-Ritz 해석이 정확도면에서 엄밀해와 부합성이 양호하고, 계산 효율은 매우 높음이 확인되었다.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
• /
• 제1권3호
• /
• pp.253-271
• /
• 2014

A linearised buckling analysis of thin-walled beams is addressed in this paper. Beam theories formulated according to a unified approach are presented. The displacement unknown variables on the cross-section of the beam are approximated via Mac Laurin's polynomials. The governing differential equations and the boundary conditions are derived in terms of a fundamental nucleo that does not depend upon the expansion order. Classical beam theories such as Euler-Bernoulli's and Timoshenko's can be retrieved as particular cases. Slender and deep beams are investigated. Flexural, torsional and mixed buckling modes are considered. Results are assessed toward three-dimensional finite element solutions. The numerical investigations show that classical and lower-order theories are accurate for flexural buckling modes of slender beams only. When deep beams or torsional buckling modes are considered, higher-order theories are required.

• 호남수학학술지
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.469-472
• /
• 2015

The n-th cyclotomic polynomial ${\Phi}_n(x)$ is irreducible over $\mathbb{Q}$ and has integer coefficients. The degree of ${\Phi}_n(x)$ is ${\varphi}(n)$, where ${\varphi}(n)$ is the Euler Phi-function. In this paper, we define Semi-Cyclotomic Polynomial $J_n(x)$. $J_n(x)$ is also irreducible over $\mathbb{Q}$ and has integer coefficients. But the degree of $J_n(x)$ is $\frac{{\varphi}(n)}{2}$. Galois Theory will be used to prove the above properties of $J_n(x)$.

• 한국수학사학회지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.17-24
• /
• 2002

It will be described the discovery of fundamental algebras such as complex numbers and the quaternions. Cardano(1539) was the first to introduce special types of complex numbers such as 5$\pm$$\sqrt{-15}$. Girald called the number a$\pm$$\sqrt{-b}$ solutions impossible. The term imaginary numbers was introduced by Descartes(1629) in “Discours la methode, La geometrie.” Euler knew the geometrical representation of complex numbers by points in a plane. Geometrical definitions of the addition and multiplication of complex numbers conceiving as directed line segments in a plane were given by Gauss in 1831. The expression “complex numbers” seems to be Gauss. Hamilton(1843) defined the complex numbers as paire of real numbers subject to conventional rules of addition and multiplication. Cauchy(1874) interpreted the complex numbers as residue classes of polynomials in R[x] modulo $x^2$＋1. Sophus Lie(1880) introduced commutators [a, b] by the way expressing infinitesimal transformation as differential operations. In this paper, it will be studied general quaternion algebras to finding of algebraic structure in Algebras.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.29-40
• /
• 2007

An implicit discontinuous Galerkin method for the two-dimensional Euler equations was developed on unstructured triangular meshes. The method can achieve high-order spatial accuracy by using hierachical basis functions based on Legendre polynomials. Numerical tests were conducted to estimate the convergence order of numerical solutions to the Ringleb flow and the supersonic vortex flow for which analytic solutions are available. Also, the flows around a 2-D circular cylinder and an NACA0012 airfoil were numerically simulated. The numerical results showed that the implicit discontinuous Galerkin methods couples with a high-order representation of curved solid boundaries can be an efficient method to obtain very accurate numerical solutions on unstructured meshes.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전산유체공학회 2007년도 춘계 학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.30-40
• /
• 2007

The implicit discontinuous Galerkin method for the two-dimensional Euler equations was developed on unstructured triangular meshes, which can achieve higher-order accuracy by wing hierachical basis functions based on Legendre polynomials. Numerical tests were conducted to estimate the convergence order of numerical solutions to the Ringleb flow and the supersonic vortex flow for which analytic solutions are available. And, the flows around a circle and a NACA0012 airfoil was also numerically simulated. Numerical results show that the implicit discontinuous Galerkin methods with higher-order representation of curved solid boundaries can be an efficient higher-order method to obtain very accurate numerical solutions on unstructured meshes.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.251-260
• /
• 2003

원형단면의 깊은 테이퍼봉과 보의 진동수와 모드형상을 결정하는 3차원 해석방법이 제시되었다. 수학적으로 1차원인 전통적인 봉과 보이론과는 달리, 본 연구에서는 3차원 동탄성방정식을 근간으로 하였다. 반경방향(r), 원주방향(θ), 축방향(z)으로의 변위성분인 u/sup r/, u/sub θ/, u/sub z/를 시간에 대해서는 정현적으로, θ에 대해서는 주기적으로, r과 z방향으로는 다수다항식의 형태로 표현하였다. 봉과 보의 위치(변형률)에너지와 운동에너지를 정식화하고, 고유치문제를 해결하기 위해 Ritz법을 사용하였으며, 진동수의 최소화과정을 통해 엄밀해의 상위경계치의 진동수를 구하였다. 이때 다항식의 차수를 증가시키면 진동수는 엄밀해에 수렴하게 된다. 봉과 보의 하위 5개의 진동수에 대해서 유효숫자 4자리까지의 수렴성 연구가 이루어졌다. 축방향으로 1차 직선적, 2차 및 3차 곡선으로 테이퍼된 9가지 형상의 봉과 보의 수치결과를 3차원 이론을 이용하여 최초로 계산하였다. 또한 선형 테이퍼 보의 예를 통해 3차원 Ritz법과 고전적인 1차원 Euler-Bernoulli 보이론과의 비교가 이루어졌다.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
• /
• 제50권2호
• /
• pp.177-193
• /
• 2010

Working with the various special functions of mathematical physics and applied mathematics we often encounter inverse relations of the type $F_n(x)=\sum\limits_{k=0}^{n}A^n_kG_k(x)$ and $ G_n(x)=\sum\limits_{k=0}^{n}B_k^nF_k(x)$, where 0, 1, 2,$\cdots$. Here $F_n(x)$, $G_n(x)$ denote special polynomial functions, and $A_k^n$, $B_k^n$ denote coefficients found by use of the orthogonal properties of $F_n(x)$ and $G_n(x)$, or by skillful series manipulations. Typically $G_n(x)=x^n$ and $F_n(x)=P_n(x)$, the n-th Legendre polynomial. We give a collection of inverse series pairs of the type $f(n)=\sum\limits_{k=0}^{n}A_k^ng(k)$ if and only if $g(n)=\sum\limits_{k=0}^{n}B_k^nf(k)$, each pair being based on some reasonably well-known special function. We also state and prove an interesting generalization of a theorem of Rainville in this form.