• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.233-236
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• 2008

In order to find the antioxidative components, fractionation of Cyperus amuricus (Cyperaceae) methanol extract was performed by measuring the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging effect. Three compounds, 3,4-dimethoxy benzoic acid (1), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (2), and piceatannol (3) were isolated from the active ethylacetate soluble fraction of C. amuricus through repeated silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Among them, compound 3 showed the significant antioxidative effect on DPPH free radical scavenging test. These compounds are reported for the first time from this plant.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.644-651
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• 2000

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of fractions of methanol(MeOH) extracts of Lycopus lucidic Turcz on hyperglycemia and energy metabolites in streptozotocin(STZ) diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-220 g by an injection of STZ dissolved in a citrate buffer into the tail vein at a dose of 45 mg/kg of body weight, and the rats were divided into 7 groups, that is, one normal group and 6 diabetic groups: STZ-control, hexane, chloroform(CHCl$\sub$3/). ethylacetate(EtOAc), butanol(BuOH) and H$\sub$2/O fraction-fed groups. All groups were fed an AIN-93 diet and the fractions of Lycopus lucidic Turcz were administered orally with 2 % Tween 80 for 14 days after the STZ injection. Body weight, diet intake and organ weights were monitored. The plasma levels of blood glucose, insulin and protein were determined. The plasma concentrations of cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acid were assayed. The plasma activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) were also measured. Body weight losses were observed by feeding the fractions of Lycopus lucidic Turcz in STZ experimental groups, and the kidney weight was increased. The extent of blood glucose decrement was significantly greater in the hexane and BuOH fraction-fed groups than STZ-control group. The plasma protein level was significantly lower in the H$\sub$2/O fraction-fed group. The plasma cholesterol level was decreased in BuOH and H$\sub$2/O fraction-fed groups compared with the STZ-control group. The levels of free fatty acids in the CHC1$\sub$3/ and H$\sub$2/O fraction-fed groups were significantly decreased(p<0.05). ALT activitiy of BuOH fraction-fed group was lower than control but it was not significantly different. These results suggest that the fractions of Lycopus lucidic Turcz are capable of lowering blood glucose and fat metabolites concentrations when administered to STZ-treated rats, and AST/ALT activity and insulin levels show the possibility of therapeutic use to diabetes mellitus.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.591-595
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• 1982

In order to know about chemical properties of a commercial organofluoro rodenticide, $Kiratol-F^{(R)}$, this experiment was carried out. Chemicals from different two manufactures were compared with synthetic compound by Gas Chromatograph and NMR-spectrophotometer. The results were as followings; 1. The permitted active ingrdient of Kiratol-F, ${\beta}$-fluoro-ethylacetate, was not identified, but ${\beta}$-fluoroethanol was a new active ingradient. 2. Kiratol-F was a water soluble liquid containing samll amounts of chloroethanol in impurity. 3. Yield of synthetic fluoroethanol was about 50%, but the composition of the reactant was assumed ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-fluoroethanol, and the light condition was better than the dark in yield. 4. It was not become known any breakdown of active ingredient by the different dilutions and time intervals. So, the secondary toxicity of Kiratol-F might be relatively higher than imagination.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.159-164
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• 2004

Primary pro-inflammatory cytokines are a trio: tumor necrosis- $\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$), interleukine-$\beta$ (IL-$\beta$), and interleukine-6 (IL-6). These cytokines initiate and regulate the acute-phase inflammatory response during infection, trauma, or stress and appear to play an important role in the immune process. Nitric oxide (NO) is a multi-functional mediator, which plays an important role in regulating various biological functions in vivo. NO production by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in macrophages is essential for the defense mechanisms against microorganisms and tumor cells. However, over-expression of iNOS by various stimuli, resulting in over-production of NO, contributes to the pathogenesis of septic shock and some inflammatory and auto-immune disease. Solvent fractions of sage ( Salvia officinalis L.), which is cultivated in Jeju-Do, was assayed for their effects on TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Hexane and ethylacetate (EtOAc) fraction of sage inhibited the protein and mRNA expression of TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells at the concentration of 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$. Also, incubation of RAW 264.7 cells with the fraction of hexane or EtOAc (50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$) inhibited the LPS induced nitrite accumulation and the LPS/IFN-${\gamma}$ induced iNOS protein. And this inhibition of iNOS protein is concordant with the inhibition of iNOS mRNA expression. Above results suggest that extract of sage may have anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-$\alpha$, IL-1$\beta$, IL-6), iNOS and NO.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2001

The water and methanol extract were obtained from fruit body of 8 kind of edible mushrooms. The antibacterial activity of extracts on the growth of pathogenic bacteria(Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli O 157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium) was determined. Methanol fraction of Gyrophora esculenta showed excellent antibacterial activity alai t 5 strains of pathogenic bacteria. The 80% methanol extract of Gyrophora esculenta and Phelinus were fractionated with diethylether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. The diethylether, ethyl acetate and butanol fractiorl of Gyrophora esculenta had excellent antibacterial activity and ethyl acetate and butanol fraction of Phellinus linteus had weak antibacterial activity against 5 strains of pathogenic bacteria. Electron donating ability of each fraction of Gyrophora esculenta was increased in order of ethylacetate, chloroform, butanol, diethylether and water. Nitrite scavenging ability was observed in ethyl acetate fraction of Gyrophora esculenta and other fractions showed no activities.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.6-13
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidative activity on oxidaton of human low density lipoprotein from marine microorganisms. Bacillus sp. RH-5 producing antioxidative activity have been isolated and identified from coast sea in Pusan. Bacillus sp. RH-5 produced at highest level of antioxidative activity in the medium of 1.0% glucose, 0.25% polypepton, 0.25% yeast extract, 0.01% $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ and 50% sea water. The optimal medium pH, cultural temperature and shaking time for the highest production as the antioxidant were 7.0, $30^{\circ}C$ and 48 hr, respectively. The culture broth inhibited the copper catalyzed oxidation of human low density lipoprotein (LDL) at the concentration of 500 and $1,000\;\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ ethylacetate extracts in the presence of $5\;\mu\textrm{M}\;CuSo_4$. The electrophoretic mobility of the LDL oxidized in the presense of $5\;\mu\textrm{M}\;CuSo_4$ was higher than that of native LDL.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.29-40
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Ultraviolet radiation (UV) is a major cause of skin photoaging. Previous studies reported that ethanol extract (PET) of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch flowers (PPF, peach flowers) and its subfractions, particularly the ethylacetate (PEA) and n-butanol extracts (PBT), have potent antioxidant activity and attenuate the UV-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression in human skin cells. In this study, we investigated the protective activity of PPF extract against UV-induced photoaging in a mouse model. MATERIALS/METHODS: Hairless mice were treated with PET or a mixture of PEA and PBT either topically or orally along with UV irradiation. Histological changes and biochemical alterations of mouse skin were examined. Major phenolic compounds in PPF extract were analyzed using an ACQUITY UPLC system. RESULTS: The overall effects of topical and oral treatments with PPF extract on the UV-induced skin responses exhibited similar patterns. In both experiments, the mixture of PEA and PBT significantly inhibited the UV-induced skin and epidermal thickening, while PET inhibited only the UV-induced epidermal thickening. Treatment of PET or the mixture of PEA and PBT significantly inhibited the UV-induced MMP-13 expression, but not type I collagen expression. Topical treatment of the mixture of PEA and PBT with UV irradiation significantly elevated catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-peroxidase (GPx) activities in the skin compared to those in the UV irradiated control group, while oral treatment of the mixture of PEA and PBT or PET elevated only catalase and SOD activities, but not GPx. Thirteen phytochemical compounds including 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid, cimicifugic acid E and B, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside and kaempferol glycoside derivatives were identified in the PPF extract. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that treatment with PET or the mixture of PEA and PBT, both topically or orally, attenuates UV-induced photoaging via the cooperative interactions of phenolic components having anti-oxidative and collagen-protective activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.931-936
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• 2003

We investigated inhibitory effects of Hericium erinaceus on the growth of cancer cells and the expression of cell cycle regulators, cyclins. Anticancer effects of Hericium erinaceus extract and fractions against cancer cell lines including HepG2 and HT29 were investigated. The methanol extract, the hexane fraction, the chloroform fraction and the ethylacetate fraction of Hericiu erinacew inhibited growth of cancer cells but they had no effect on the cytotoxicity of normal human liver cells under the same conditions. As shown by western blot analysis, the expression of cyclin B1 known as cell cycle regulator was markedly decreased after treatment with Hericium erinaceus extract in HepG2 cells. These results suggest that antiproliferative effect of Hericaum erinaceus extract is associated with markedly decreased expression of cyclin B1.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제37권11호
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• pp.1408-1414
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• 2008

The anticancer properties of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans extract were investigated. The extract from S. subspinipes mutilans by 80% EtOH was fractionated with n-hexane, dichloromethan ($CH_2Cl_2$), ethylacetate (EtOAc), and butanol (BuOH) in order. The EtOAc fraction showed the highest inhibitory activity (about 80%) against human leukemia (HL-60) cell growth at $50\;{\mu}g/mL$. To explore the mechanism of cytotoxicity, we used several measures of apoptosis to determine whether these processes were involved in EtOAc fraction-induced HL-60 cell death. Our results showed EtOAc fraction induced cell shrinkage, cell membrane blebbing, apoptotic body, and DNA fragmentation. The EtOAc fraction gradually decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL and led to the activation of caspase-3, -9 and cleavage of PARP. These findings suggest that S. subspinipes mutilans exhibits potential anticancer properties.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.121-134
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• 2008

Objectives: Melia toosendan(MT) has been used as a traditional Korean herbal medicine, and today it is used as a medication for colic, side aches, heartache and other disorders of liver. The aim of this study was to determine whether fractionated extracts of MT inhibit free radical generation such as DPPH radical, superoxide radical and nitric oxide, production of nitrite, an index of NO, PGE2, iNOS, COX-2 and proinflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Methods: MT extract prepared with methanol, and then fractionated with hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, n-butanol and water. Inhibitory effect of MT onto free radical generation was determined by measuring DPPH, superoxide anions and nitric oxide scavenging activities in vitro. Cytotoxic activity of extracts on RAW 264.7 cells was measured using 5-(3-caroboxymeth-oxyphenyl)-2H-tetra-zolium inner salt(MTS) assay. Intracelluar oxidation was analysed by DCF-DA assay. The nitric oxide(NO) production was measured by Griess reagent system. The levels of iNOS and COX-2 expression were confirmed by western blot. And pro inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA kit. Results: Our results indicated that fractionated extracts, especially dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts, significantly inhibited free radical generation, the LPS-induced $H_2O_2$, NO, $PGE_2$ production and iNOS, COX-2 expression accompanied by an attenuation of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-1${\beta}$ and IL-6 formation in macrophages. Conclusions: These results indicate that dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts of MT have potential as an agent of chronic inflammatory diseases.