• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.274-280
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological activities of cultivated Angelica gigas Nakai (CAG) and wild Angelica gigas Nakai (WAG) extracts prepared by extraction with water, 30% ethanol, 60% ethanol, or 90% ethanol. The electron donating ability of the WAG extracts was higher than that of the CAG extracts and 0.1% and 1.0% solutions of the comparative substance, L-ascorbic acid. The superoxide dismutase-like activity of the CAG extracts was higher than that of WAG extracts. Superoxide dismutase-like activity was highest (33.95%) in the CAG water extract. The total polyphenol content was highest in the 60% ethanol extracts of WAG. The nitrite scavenging ability of the CAG and WAG extracts was highest at a pH of 1.2. The tyrosinase inhibitory effect was highest (43.72%) in the water extract of WAG. The angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity was highest (83.84%) in the 60% ethanol extract of WAG. The results of the present study will be useful for understanding the antioxidant and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activities of Angelica gigas Nakai extracts.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.835-841
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• 2023

To determine the characteristics of propolis fermented with microorganisms, the optimal conditions for propolis extraction with ethanol were first reviewed, and the physicochemical properties of the extracted propolis were then investigated. The shaking and stationary extraction methods were tested. The flavonoid content was 6.40 mg/g when the stationary extraction method was used and 6.95 mg/g when the shaking extraction method was used. The ethanol concentration was then varied, and the use of 50, 60, 70, and 80% ethanol resulted in the total flavonoid content in the propolis samples reaching 6.75, 8.45, 7.45, and 7.75 mg/g, respectively. This indicated that a 60% (v/v) concentration was optimal. As the extraction time was increased from 1 to 3 hr, the flavonoid content slightly increased; however, extending the extraction step to more than 3 hr did not significantly affect the flavonoid content. In terms of the extraction temperature, the highest concentration of flavonoids (8.63 mg/g) was detected at 50℃. In the propolis samples, 5.80, 2.61, and 1.32 mg/g of fructose, sucrose, and rhamnose were detected, respectively. As for the amino acid content, 17 amino acids, including glutamic acid, were detected, and the total amino acid content was 2.49 mg/g.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.31-38
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• 2020

Objectives : Jakyakgamcho-tang has been used as analgesic and spasmolytic for muscle pain. It has reported to anti-diabetes, anti-inflammation, and neuro-protective effects. A clinical study of muscle fatigue and pain improvement effect of Jakyakgamcho-tang has been reported with increasing frequency of clinical use. However, the anti-fatigue effect of Jakyakgamcho-tang in animal model has not been studied. In this study, we compared anti-physical fatigue effects of water and 30% ethanol extract of Jakyakgamcho-tang. Methods : The amounts of components contained in water and 30% ethanol extract of Jakyakgamcho-tang were compared by ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Anti-physical fatigue effects were evaluated using weight-loaded forced swimming test. We also investigated the effects of Jakyakgamcho-tang on the change of fatigue parameters by blood biochemical analysis. Results : The relative amount of components of Jakyakgamcho-tang were about 19-53% higher in the 30% ethanol extract than in the water extract. In the swimming test, 30% ethanol extract showed a significantly greater anti-fatigue effects than conventional water extract of Jakyakgamcho-tang. The 30% ethanol extract of Jakyakgamcho-tang improved the exhausted swimming time (54%), and serum lactate dehydrogenase (48%) and lactic acid (60%) levels compared with water extract of Jakyakgamcho-tang. Conclusions : These results showed that differences in the amounts of components by different extraction were associated with differences of anti-fatigue effect of Jakyakgamcho-tang. Thus, the 30% ethanol extraction method could be applied to dose-reducing formulations of traditional herbal medicines.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.80-93
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• 1986

The tail portion of dried 6-year old white ginseng was extracted and sugars and nitrogen compounds were also evaluated for chemical properties depending on varying conditions of extractions. The factors studied were extraction temperature in the range of 70-$100^{\circ}C$, ethanol concentration of 0-90% and the times of extractions which was taken 8 hours per each extraction in water at $80^{\circ}C$. For the effect of ethanol concentration in the extraction solvent, it was found that the amounts of free, reducing and total sugars and starch recovered in extract were almost linearly decreased along with the increase of concentration and the nonprotein nitrogen accounted over 84% of total nitrogen in extract. As ethanol concentration became increased, extractions of total nitrogen and water souluble nonprotein nitrogen were decreased especially in 90% ethanol. For the extraction temperature, all the sugar fractions with water and 70% ethanol except free sugar have tended to increase along with the temperature raised from 70 to $100^{\circ}C$ and it was found there is little changes of nitrogen compounds in the temperature range except a rapidly increase in water soulble protein at $100^{\circ}C$. For the times of extractions, showed that most of extractable compounds were extracted in 3 times of extractions with water at $80^{\circ}C$. It was shown that more than 95f) of sugars and 80% of nitrogen compounds were yielded with water extraction. Accordingly it was efficient to extract with water or 70% ethanol in 3 times in terms of !actor and energy consumption.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1880-1884
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• 2007

This study was conducted to find the optimum extraction condition of Gold-Thread for antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans using The evolutionary operation-factorial design technique. Higher antibacterial activity was achieved in a higher extraction temperature ($R^2=-0.79$) and in a longer extraction time ($R^2=-0.71$). Antibacterial activity was not affected by differentiation of the ethanol concentration in the extraction solvent ($R^2=-0.12$). The maximum antibacterial activity of clove against S. mutans determined by the EVOP-factorial technique was obtained at $80^{\circ}C$ extraction temperature, 26 h extraction time, and 50% ethanol concentration. The population of S. mutans decreased from 6.110 logCFU/ml in the initial set to 4.125 logCFU/ml in the third set.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2009

Central composite design was applied for the ultrasound-assisted extraction from peel and seed of Campbell Early grapes and the extraction processes were optimized for the antiradical activities of the extracts by using response surface methodology. Optimal conditions were 53.45% of ethanol concentration, 45.99${^{\circ}C}$ of extraction temperature and 23.93 min of extraction time for the maximum antiradical activity of grape peel extract (54.98%) and 53.14% of ethanol 56.03${^{\circ}C}$ of temperature and 29.03 min of time for maximum antiradical activity of grape seed extract (90.60%).

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.218-224
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• 2000

The efforts were made to optimite ethanol extraction from persimmon leaf with the time of extraction$(1.5{\sim}2.5\;hrs)$, the temperature of extraction$(70{\sim}90^{\circ}C)$, and the concentration of ethanol$(0{\sim}40%)$ as three primary variables together with several functional characteristics of persimmon leaf as reaction variables. The conditions of extraction was best fitted by using response surface methodology through the center synthesis plan, and the optimal conditions of extraction were established. The contents of soluble solid and soluble tannin went up as the concentration of ethanol went up and the temperature of extraction went down, and the turbidity went down as the concentration of ethanol went down. Electron donation ability was hardly affected by the extraction temperature and had the tendency to go up as the concentration of ethanol went up. The inhibitory activity of xanthine oxidase(XOase) had the tendency to go up as both the concentration of ethanol and the temperature of extraction went up. The inhibitory activity of angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE), the significance of which still was not recognized, showed the maximum when the concentration of ethanol was 27%. In result, the optimal conditions of extraction was the extraction time of two hours, the extraction temperature of $75{\sim}81^{\circ}C$, and the ethanol concentration of $33{\sim}35%$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.1022-1028
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• 2000

Aster glehni was extracted by microwave-assisted extraction(MAE) and reflux extraction(RE) methods and their extraction efficiencies were compared. A considerable reduction in extraction time was achieved by MAE. When 70% methanol, 50% methanol, 70% ethanol, or 50% ethanol was used, MAE extract contained nearly same amounts of soluble solid and total polyphenol contents as obtained by RE. The optimum MAE conditions for the extraction of Aster glehni were $120{\sim}150$ watts of microwave energy and $4{\sim}8$ minutes of extraction time. No significant changes were found in electron donating ability(EDA) over the variation of microwave energy or extraction time. The use of diluted methanol or ethanol resulted in improving extraction yield(24%), total polyphenol content(2.6%) and EDA(60%).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.168-172
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• 1986

The swelling and hydration properties of Korean red ginseng tails and yield of total solids in extract were studied during extraction with ethanol solution having a concentration of 0-90% at $60-100^{\circ}C$. Extraction was carried out 5 times which was taken 8 hours per each time of extraction. The swelling, hydration and total solids yield were increased as the ethanol concentration decreased and as the extraction temperature raised. The cumulative value of solids yield suggested that three times of extractions with water or 70% ethanol were effective to recover more than 84%. Linear regression analysis on the properties investigated and extraction conditions showed a linear logarithmic relationship .

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.399-409
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• 2012

Effects of pretreatment and extraction conditions on total polyphenol yield from licorice root were investigated using statistical method. For pretreatment, heat treatment at $121^{\circ}C$ for 10 min was applied. Licorice root content in solvent (10, 20, and 30%) ethanol concentration (20, 40, and 60%) and reaction time (1, 2, and 3 h) were used as variables for extraction conditions. Two experiments, with heat treated and no treated licorice, were prepared with same experimental design. Box behnken design was employed and produced a total of 15 trials. Total polyphenol yield from licorice root was not affected by heat treatment. Among variables, licorice content in solvent showed most significant effect regardless of other variables (p<0.05). Finally, optimum conditions for the extraction of total polyphenol from licorice root was detected as following: 10% of licorice in solvent, 52% ethanol as solvent, 2 h of reaction time and non-heat treatment and the extraction yield from optimized condition was 17.6 mg/g licorice root.