• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.238-247
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• 2015

Katsura tree (Cercidiphyllum japonicum Sieb. Et Zucc) leaves were collected, air-dried and extracted with 70% aqueous acetone, then concentrated and sequentially fractionated using n-hexane, $CH_2Cl_2$, EtOAc, and $H_2O$ to be freeze dried for antioxidant and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity tests. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl 2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay. The test concentrations were adjusted to 500, 250, 125, 62.5, 31.25, 15.62, 7.81, 3.9, 1.95 and 0.97 ppm. The $H_2O$ and EtOAc fractions showed higher activities compared with the control, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, at all concentrations. The crude fraction also gave better activity at the concentrations lower than 62.5 ppm. However, the nonpolar n-hexane and $CH_2Cl_2$ fractions gave prominently lower activities compared with the control at all concentrations. The $IC_{50}$ values of the crude, EtOAc, and $H_2O$ fractions exhibited 11.78, 4.29 and $9.80{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, respectively, compared with $12.08{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of the control. But the n-hexane and $CH_2Cl_2$ fractions indicated 300 and $91.85{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of $IC_{50}$, respectively. ${\alpha}$-Glucosidase inhibition activity was evaluated at the concentrations of 50, 25, 12.5, 6.3, 3.1, 1.6 and 0.8 ppm. The inhibition activities were increased according to as the increase of sample concentrations. However, the nonpolar n-hexane and $CH_2Cl_2$ fractions indicated very low inhibition activities compared with acarbose, a positive control. The EtOAc fraction showed very good capability as almost 100% compared with the control at the higher concentrations than 12.5 ppm and the crude fraction also indicated good potential as 95% and 100% at 25 and 50 ppm, respectively. The $H_2O$ fraction gave good inhibition value as 90% at 50 ppm although the value was lower than the control. These results showed that the polar fractions had better ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activities. The $IC_{50}$ values of the nonpolar fractions, n-hexane and $CH_2Cl_2$, showed very lower values as 468 and $103.6{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, respectively, than the control. ${\alpha}$-Glucosidase Inhibition Activity of the Extracts of Katsura Tree (Cercidiphyllum japonicum Sieb. Et Zucc) Leaves However, the polar fractions, crude, EtOAc and $H_2O$, showed 7.1, 3.7 and $13{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, respectively, indicating that these fractions can be used as natural bioresources for treating diabetes mellitus. Also ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity had a positive correlation with antioxidant activity of the extracts.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.427-430
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• 2001

The antioxidant activity of Lactuca scariola (Compositae) was investigated by measuring the radical scavenging effect on DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical. The methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Lactuca scariola showed strong radical scavenging activity. The EtOAc soluble fraction exhibited a stronger activity than the others, and was purified by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Quercetin-3-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside, luteolin-7-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside, luteolin, quercetin and kaempferol, together with 11$\beta$,13-dihydrolactucin were isolated from the EtOAc soluble fraction as active ingredients.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.625-634
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• 2011

본 연구는 녹차씨껍질 분획 추출물 중 염증 저해능이 강력한 EtOAC분획을 선정하여 대식세포주인 RAW264.7 macrophage cell에서 항염증효과의 기전을 생화학적, 분자학적수준에서 분석하고자 하였다. 녹차씨껍질 추출물 100 mg당 총 페놀함량은 EtOAC분획에서 가장 높은 수준이었으며 EtOH추출물>PE분획>BuOH분획과 $H_2O$분획의 순으로 나타났다. 또한 EtOAC분획의 NO 억제능이 가장 강한 것으로 나타나, EtOAC분획의 polyphenol을 분석한 결과 EGC ($1146.5{\pm}11.01\;{\mu}g/g$)> tannic acid($967.0{\pm}32.24\;{\mu}g/g$)> EC ($70.9{\pm}4.39\;{\mu}g/g$)> gallic acid($947.6{\pm}1.03\;{\mu}g/g$)> caffeic acid($37.7{\pm}1.46\;{\mu}g/g$)> ECG($35.5{\pm}3.19\;{\mu}g/g$)> EGCG($15.5{\pm}0.09\;{\mu}g/g$)의 순으로 나타났다. 녹차씨껍질 EtOAC분획이 RAW264.7 macrophage cell에서 LPS 처리에 의한 산화적 스트레스로 발생되는 NO 생성을 농도 의존적으로 감소시키며($IC_{50}$: $80.11\;{\mu}g/mL$) $PGE_2$의 생성을 억제하였다. 염증생성 전사인자인 iNOS의 유전자 발현은 농도 의존적으로 억제시켰으나 COX-2의 단백질 발현에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 녹차씨껍질 EtOAC분획은 총 항산화능과 GSH 수준을 증가시켜 산화적 스트레스를 경감시키는 역할을 하며 항산화효소계인 catalase, GSH-red 및 Mn-SOD 활성의 단백질 발현을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 핵에서의 p65 농도는 대조군에 비해 녹차씨껍질 EtOAC분획을 처리한 군에서 현저하게 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과에서, 녹차씨껍질 EtOAC분획은 NF-${\kappa}B$ 활성을 억제함으로써 iNOS 단백질 발현을 억제하여 NO의 생성을 감소시키고 총 항산화능과 GSH 수준을 증가시키며, 항산화 효소계를 활성화시켜 세포내 산화적 스트레스를 감소시킴으로써 LPS 자극에 의한 염증반응을 지연하거나 억제하는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.810-815
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• 2006

본 실험에서는 애기달맞이꽃(Oenothera laciniata Hill)를 80% EtOH로 추출하고 추출물을 극성에 따른 용매 분획을 실시하여 분리된 분획의 총 페놀화합물 함량과 DPPH radical 소거, xanthine oxidase 저해활성, superoxide 소거활성 및 nitric oxide 소거활성 및 세포독성 등의 생리 활성을 측정하였다. 본 연구를 통해 애기달맞이꽃은 산소 유리기의 자유기를 소거할 수 있는 우수한 생리 활성물질을 다수 함유하고 있음을 확인 할 수 있었으며 분획 레벨에서의 활성이 대조구 성분 못지않게 우수하게 나타났다. 또한 총 폴리페놀 함량과 세포독성이 가장 높게 나타난 EtOAc 분획물을 농도별로 HL-60세포에 처리한 결과, 세포성장 억제는 농도 의존적으로 나타났으며, 따라서 세포성장 억제효과가 apoptosis 유도에 의한 것이지를 확인하고자, apoptosis 유도에 의하여 나타나는 현상의 하나인 DNA 단편화 현상을 비롯하여 세포 형태학적 변화 및 유동세포분석기를 통한 DNA content을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 애기달맞이꽃 추출물에 의한 세포증식 억제효과는 apoptosis유도에 의해 세포사멸이 일어남을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.123-134
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 등수국 잎 추출물의 미백 및 항산화 활성을 확인하고 유효성분을 분리하여 화학구조를 동정하였다. B16F10 melanoma 세포를 이용한 미백 활성 실험 결과, n-hexane (Hex) 분획물이 세포독성 없는 농도에서 멜라닌 생성 및 세포 내 tyrosinase 효소의 활성을 억제시키고 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 Hex 분획물이 tyrosinase 및 TRP-2 단백질의 발현을 감소시켰다. 반면, ethyl acetate (EtOAc) 분획물은 DPPH 및 ABTS⁺ 라디칼 소거 활성이 우수하였고, H₂O₂로 유도된 세포 손상에 대한 세포보호 효과를 나타내었다. Hex 및 EtOAc 분획물의 활성 성분을 규명하기 위해 컬럼 크로마토그래피를 수행하여 8 개의 화합물을 분리하였다; ethyl linoleate (1), ethyl linolenate (2), 1-linoleoyl glycerol (3), 1-linolenoyl glycerol (4), epi-catechin (5), afzelin (6), quercitrin (7), hyperin (8). 분리된 화합물에 대한 항산화 활성 측정 결과, 화합물 5 - 8의 라디칼 소거 활성이 우수함을 확인하였다. 또한 HPLC 분석을 통해 주성분인 quercitrin (7)의 함량을 측정한 결과, 추출물에서 31.3 mg/g, EtOAc 분획물에서 169.8 mg/g이 함유되어 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 이상의 연구 결과를 바탕으로 등수국 잎은 미백 및 항산화 효과를 갖는 천연 화장품 소재로의 개발이 가능할 것이라 사료된다.

• 예술인문사회 융합 멀티미디어 논문지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.395-405
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• 2017

와송 유래 에틸아세테이트(EtOAc) 분획물의 인체 폐암세포 A549에 대한 항암활성을 확인하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 폐암 세포에 대한 세포 생존율을 측정하기 위하여 MTS assay를 수행한 결과, 농도 의존적으로 폐암세포 성장 억제효과를 보였다. 세포사멸 유도능을 확인하기 위하여 DAPI 핵염색을 통한 직접 육안관찰을 수행한 결과, EtOAc 분획물을 처리한 군에서 핵내 염색질 응축등의 세포사멸 지표가 관찰되었고, Annexin V-FITC를 이용하여 세포막에 노출된 phosphatidylinositol (PS)를 검출한 결과, 농도 의존적으로 초기 세포사멸 및 후기 세포사멸이 증가하였다. 세포사멸의 또다른 지표인 세포주기 억제능을 확인하기 위하여 G2/M기 관련 유전자인 CDK1, 4, cyclin B1, D1의 mRNA 발현정도를 RT-PCR을 이용하여 확인한 결과, 농도의존적으로 mRNA의 발현량이 현저히 감소하였으며, 세포사멸의 직접적 신호전달 표적 단백질인 p53, Bax, Bcl-2 및 pro-caspase-3등의 발현정도를 확인한 결과, p53과 Bax 단백질의 발현은 농도의존적으로 증가하였고, Bcl-2와 pro-caspase-3 단백질의 발현은 시간 및 농도의존적으로 감소하였다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2010

Hawthorn fruit is a conventional medicine used in treating cardiovascular diseases. Its therapeutic effects may relate to its antioxidant compounds. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant activity of $CH_2Cl_2$, EtOAc, n-butanol and water fractions from 70% methanolic hawthorn fruit extract by total phenolic and flavonoid contents, total antioxidant activity, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, superoxide radical scavenging activity, reducing power assay, lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity and protective effect against hydroxyl-radical-induced DNA damage. Results showed that the EtOAc fraction contained significantly greater antioxidant activities than other fractions, which suggests that the potent EtOAc fraction should be used for further studies to identify the antioxidant compounds.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.135-138
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• 2000

MeOH extract of Cuscuta chinensis seeds was fractionated with n-hexane, EtOAc and BuOH successively, and antioxidant activities were tested for all fractions using DPPH free radical scavenging method. In the tested fractions, EtOAc fraction showed high antioxidant activity$(EC_{50},\;50\;{\mu}g)$ From the EtOAc fraction, five compounds have been isolated. On the basis of spectral data, these compounds were identified as ${\beta}-sitosterol$, methyl 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamate, ${\beta}-sitosterol-3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$, caffeic acid, quercetin, kaempferol and calycopteretin. Among these compounds, ${\beta}-sitosterol$ and ${\beta}-sitosterol-3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ showed no antioxidant activity. $EC_{50}$ values of methyl 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamate, caffeic acid, quercetin, kaempferol and calycopteretin were 0.6, 8, 19, 17 and $12\;{\mu}g$, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.594-601
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• 2022

This study evaluated the biological properties of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) extracts. The EtOAc extract of lemongrass had DPPH, TEAC, and nitric oxide-scavenging activity assay results of 58.06, 44.14, and 41.08% at the concentration of 50, 10, and 50 ㎍/ml, respectively. The EtOAc extract had higher elastase and collagenase inhibitory activities than the 80% MeOH, n-hexane, BuOH, and water extracts and comparable whitening activity toward monophenolase or diphenolase. Also, the EtOAc fraction had higher lipase inhibitory and antimicrobial activities against Cutibacterium acnes among extracts which is known to an important contributor to the progression of inflammatory acne vulgaris, and an opportunistic pathogen present in human skin. Total phenolic and flavonoid concentrations in the EtOAc extract were 132.31 mg CAE/g extract and 104.50 mg NE/g extract, respectively. Biologically active compounds in lemongrass extracts were analyzed by LC-MS. This study confirms that lemongrass extracts have potential use as cosmetic skincare ingredients. Thus, lemongrass can be considered a promising natural source of readily available, low-cost extracts rich in antioxidant, skincare, and antimicrobial compounds that might be suitable for replacing synthetic compounds in the cosmeceutical industry.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제66권
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• pp.408-415
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• 2023

Alzheimer's disease constitutes a large proportion of all neurodegenerative diseases and is mainly caused by excess aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ), which results in oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the neurons. Populus tomentiglandulosa belongs to the Salicaceae family and is widely distributed in Korea; the antioxidant activities of the extract and fractions from P. tomentiglandulosa have been demonstrated in previous studies. Specifically, the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of P. tomentiglandulosa (EtOAc-PT) shows the most powerful antioxidative activity. Therefore, the present study investigates the protective effects of EtOAc-PT against neuronal damage in Aβ_25-35-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells. EtOAc-PT restored cell viability significantly as well as inhibited the levels of reactive oxygen species and lactate dehydrogenase release compared to the Aβ_25-35-induced control group. Furthermore, the inflammation- and apoptosis-related protein expressions were investigated to demonstrate its neuroprotective mechanism. EtOAc-PT downmodulated the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, B-cell lymphoma 2 associated X, and B-cell lymphoma 2. Thus, the findings show that EtOAc-PT has protective effects against Aβ_25-35 by suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.