• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.207-216
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• 2006

Shit-tzu견에서 발정 주기, 교배 적기 및 배란 시기를 정확하게 추정하기 위한 질 세포 검사를 확립하기 위하여 Shih-tzu 견 12두를 대상으로 발정 주기동안 질 세포 검사 및 estradiol-$17{\beta}$와 progesterone 농도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 발정주기별 질 세포상의 특징적인 변화로서 발정 전기에는 무핵 세포와 적혈구, 발정기에는 표층 세포와 무핵 세포 및 적혈구가 주종을 이루는 세포였으며 발정 휴지기에는 소형 중간 세포와 대형 중간 세포, 무발정기에는 부기저 세포와 소형 중간 세포 및 백혈구가 주종을 이루는 세포이었다. 또한 CI는 발정 전기와 발정기에 높게 나타났으나, 발정 휴지기와 무발정기에는 감소하여 각 기간별 비교에서 발정 전기와 발정기에 유의성 있게 높았다. 발정주기 중 첫 수컷 허용일(Day 0)을 기준으로 하였을 때 CI는 발정 전기 개시일 전후인 Day -9에 $72.4{\pm}2.9%$, Day -4에 $84.0{\pm}3.9%$로 80% 이상으로 증가하였으며 Day 0에 $97.0{\pm}1.1%$로 증가하여 Day 2에는 $98.2{\pm}0.5%$로 최고치를 나타내었으며 CI가 80% 이상을 나타낸 기간은 Day -4에서 Day 6까지(11일간)이었고, 90% 이상을 나타낸 기간은 Day -1에서 Day 5까지(7일간)이었다. 또한 임신 Shih-tzu 견 12두에서 혈장 progesterone 농도가 최초로 4.0 ng/ml 이상으로 증가한 날을 기준(Day 0)으로 발정 주기 중 혈장 progesterone과 estradiol-$17{\beta}$ 및 CI의 관계를 살펴보면 estradiol-$17{\beta}$가 Day -2에 최고치를 나타내었고, CI가 Day -1에 최고치를 나타낸 후 Day 0에 혈장 progesterone 농도가 $5.2{\pm}0.3ng/ml$로 최초로 4.0 ng/ml 이상으로 증가하였다. CI가 최초로 80 % 이상으로 증가하여 지속한 날은 estradiol-$17{\beta}$ peak 5일전인 Day -7이었고, Day -7부터 Day 3까지 11일 동안 80% 이상으로 지속되었다. CI가 최초로 90% 이상으로 증가한 날은 estradiol-$17{\beta}$ peak 2일전인 Day -4이었으며, Day -4부터 Day 2까지 7일 동안 90% 이상으로 지속되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 보면 Shih-tzu 견에서 첫 수컷 허용일(Day 0)을 기준으로 하였을 때 CI 최고치는 Day 2에 나타났으며 이 때가 최상의 교배 적기로 사료되며, 혈장 progesterone농도가 4.0 ng/ml 이상으로 증가한 날(Bay 0)을 기준으로 하였을 때부터 CI는 혈장 estradiol-$17{\beta}$ peak 후 1일째인 최고치를 나타내었고, CI peak 후 1일째인 Day 0에 혈장 progesterone 농도가 최초로 4.0 ng/ml 이상으로 증가하여 CI가 90% 이상으로 지속된 시기가 최상의 교배 적기임이 확인되었다. 따라서 혈장 progesterone농도 측정으로 정확한 배란 시기 및 교배 적기를 판정할 수 있으나, 시설비가 저렴하고 검사 방법이 간단한 질 세포 검사가 Shih-tzu 견에서 발정 주기, 교배 적기 및 배란 시기의 판정에 응용될 수 있음을 시사하는 결과라고 사료된다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.107-123
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• 2007

Purpose: Endometriosis has been thought to be related with blood stasis in uterus. Pinelliae Tuber is a herb which has effectiveness of dispelling phlegm which can be transformed into blood stasis, so is used in gynecology blood stasis-desease. Therefore in the present study, the effects of Pinelliae Tuber on endometriosis were investigated. Also retention enema therapy acts on the limited part directly, so is used frequently in gynecology clinic. This study was to examine the comparative effects on the surgical induction of endometriosis in the rat between orally and rectally administered with Pinelliae Tuber extract. Methods: The endometrial tissue was autografted to Rat's small intestine. Rats with surgically induced endometriosis were orally and rectally administerd with Pinelliae Tuber extract for 40 days. Size of ectopic uterine implants at the serosal wall and concentration of progesterone, estradiol, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-I0 in serum were examined and compared with the control group. Results: There was no difference in the size of ectopic uterine implants of experimental group compared with control group. The concentration of IL-10 level was significantly decreased in orally administered experimental group and the concentration of progesterone, IL-6 level was significantly decreased in rectally administered experimental group. There was no significant difference between orally and rectally administerd with Pinelliae Tuber. Conclusion: Judging from the above results, it can be suggested that Pinelliae Tuber should be not a useful agent for inhibiting the proliferation of uterine endometrial tissue. There is no difference between orally and rectally administerd with Pinelliae Tuber extract.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2004

CYP1B1 enzyme metabolize PAHs and estradiol. CYP1B1 metabolize estradiol to 4-hydroxyestradiol that is considered as carcinogenic metabolite. Luciferase activity was induced about 20 folds over that control by 1 nM TCDD (2,3,7,8-tetrchlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) and these inductions were dose-dependent. Recent industrialized society, human hasbeen widely been exposed to widespread environmental contaminants such as PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) that are originated from the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. PAHs are known to be ligands of the AhR (aryl hydrocarbon receptor). Induction of cytochrome P4501B1(CYP1B1) in cell culture is widely used as a biomarket for PAHs. Therefore we have studied the effect of PAHs in the human breast cancer cells MCF-7 to evaluate bioactivity of PAHs. Cytochrome P4501B1(CYP1B1) is known to be inducible by xenobiotic compounda such as policyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and dioxins such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin(TCDD). And these induction of CYP1B1 is also regulated by many categories of chemicals. In order to investigate the effects of several chemicals on CYP1B1 gene expression in luciferase gene, and then transfected into these cells. After treatment of chemicals, the luciferase activity was measured. We examined effects of PAHs on the CYP1B1-lucifrease reporter gene and CYP1B1 mRNA level. Benzo(k)fluoranthene showed strong response to CYP1B1 promoter activity stimulation, and also CYP1B1 mRNAs increase in MCF-7 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. flvonoids such as genistein decreased B(k)F induced luciferase activity at low concentration. it exhibited stimulatory effect at high concentration.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.1870-1878
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• 2021

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of different colors produced by light emitting diode (LED) on Brown Tsaiya ducks. Methods: A total of 144 female Brown Tsaiya ducks were randomly allocated into three individual cage rearing chambers with different LED illumination colors as treatments. Three different treatments were: i) white color, ii) blue color, and iii) red color. The experiment periods were from ducks 21 to 49 weeks of age, determined traits included i) egg laying performance, ii) feed intake, iii) egg shell breaking strength, iv) egg shell thickness, v) egg Haugh unit, vi) egg weight, vii) serum Estradiol and Progesterone concentration, and viii) behavior pattern. Results: The results indicated that when compared with white and blue color, red color could stimulate ducks sexual maturation and raised the egg laying performance. The red light group was also observed to have the highest feed intake among three treatments. The blue treatment had the lowest egg shell breaking strength and the highest egg weight among three treatments, nevertheless, no significant difference was observed among three treatments on egg shell thickness and egg Haugh unit. The red light group had higher serum estradiol concentration than the white and blue groups, but no significant difference among treatments on the serum Progesterone concentration was found. The results of behavior pattern indicated that red light group showed more feeding and less resting behavior compared to the blue light group. Conclusion: We found a potential of applying red light illumination in the indoor laying duck raising system with positive results on egg laying performance and acceptable egg weight, equivalent egg qualities compared to white and blue light.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.208-214
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• 2019

Trigonella foenum-graceum L. (fenugreek) is a phytoestrogen, a nonsteroidal organic chemical compound from plants which has similar mechanism of action to sex hormone estradiol-$17{\beta}$. This study aims to assess the effectivity of fenugreek seeds extract on collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) and collagen type III alpha 1 (COL3A1) which are both decreased in aging skin and become worsen after menopause. This in vitro experimental study used old human dermal fibroblast from leftover tissue of blepharoplasty on a postmenopausal woman (old HDF). As a control of the fenugreek's ability to trigger collagen production, we used fibroblast from preputium (young HDF). Subsequent to fibroblast isolation and culture, toxicity test was conducted on both old and young HDF by measuring cell viability on fenugreek extract with the concentration of 5 mg/mL to $1.2{\mu}g/mL$ which will be tested on both HDF to examine COL1A1 and COL3A1 using ELISA, compared to no treatment and 5 nM estradiol. Old HDF showed a 4 times slower proliferation compared to young HDF (p<0.05). Toxicity test revealed fenugreek concentration of $0.5-2{\mu}g/mL$ was non-toxic to both old and young HDF. The most significant fenugreek concentration to increase COL1A1 and COL3A1 secretion was $2{\mu}g/mL$ (p<0.05).

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.103-117
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• 1988

Ovulation induction was done with 3 different regimens as clomid combined with HMG, HMG only, and FSH combined with HMG in 28 menstrual cycles for IVF-ET and GIFT program. The appearance of endogenous LH surge, estradiol plateau, atypical LH surge, and time from initiation to peak of LH surge in serum and urine were observed and compared in 3 groups. 1. The estradiol concentration of serum LH surge day was similar in three groups but 1st group (Clomiphene Citrate+Sequential HMG) was slightly higher at $1924.0{\pm}865.1\;pg/ml$. In regards to the existence of serum estradiol plateau, 3rd group (FSH+Sequential HMG) was highest at 60%, and 1st group and 2nd group (HMG only) were similar at 33% and 44% respectively. 2. The number of ovarian of ovarian follicle which was more than 18mm in diameter was $4.1{\pm}2.0$, $4.2{\pm}2.1$ respectibely for 2nd group and 3rd group. Although the numbers were slightly higher thean 1st group for each ovarian follicle, serum estradiol value per follicle was higher for 1st group at $583.0{\pm}261.2pg/ml$. 3. When measuring the urine LH surge according to Hi-Gonavi and according to the standard set by three different types of surge, simultameous satisfaction for 1st group, 2nd group, 3rd group was two cases, five cases, four cases respectively at 40%, and the remained cases were composed of numorous type combination which satisfied the two definition, simultaneously in this study, the LH surge starting time was determined only in the cases tow combination were satisfied simultaneously at first, but there are something to study more. In one case of the 3rd group. 4. The concentration of LH surge start in urine and serum of 2nd group was highest at306. $0{\pm}287.2IU/l$ and $34.0{\pm}9.9mIU/ml$ and 1st group was low at $116.6{\pm}66.1IU/l$ and 7.4mIU/ml. The urine and serum value of LH was highest at $1644.4{\pm}988.8IU/l$, $65.9{\pm}15.0mIU/ml$ for 2nd group, 1st group was low at urine, and 3rd group was low of serum. With pregnancy established, the LH concentration of urine was relatively high but on the contrary the LH concentration of serum was low compared to urine concentration. 5. Time from LH surge start to the maximun of urine and serum value was highest at 15. $7{\pm}9.1$ hrs and $10.8{\pm}4.9$ hrs for 1st group and 3rd group. With pregnancy established, time was shortened for urine but on the contrary serum showed an increase in time. 6. The concentration of LH which increases with time on urine was highest at 2nd group ($194.6{\pm}76.8\;IU/hour$). The lowest increase for serum was at 3rd group (2.1mIU/hour). With pregnancy established, urine showed more increase than control group ($266.5{\pm}47.4\;IU/hour$) and for serum there was similar increase ($3.4{\pm}0.8\;mIU/hour$). 7. There were two examples of non-typical surge from 1st group and 3rd group each. Among these three cases showed a reestablishment of LH surge after 10-24 hours. 8. Endogenous spontaneous Lh surge occurs once for each 2nd group and 3rd group.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.217-227
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• 2009

The present study was set to evaluate the effect of pomegranate extracts on improvement of the menopausal syndromes such as face flushing in ovariectomized rats by carrying out short- and long-term experiments. Pomegranate extracts used to feed rats were prepared from the pulp part which does not contain the rid of the pomegranate, and were dissolved in propylene glycol. From the short-term (16 days) experiment, it was clear that when the 25, 250, 1,250 mg/kg/day concentrations of pomegranate extracts were orally fed to ovariectomized rats, the body temperature of the rats in all the 3 groups were decreased with statistical significance compared to other control groups which were fed with propylene glycol only. Especially, the body temperature decreased by $2.7^{\circ}C$ compared to control groups even when the pomegranate extracts were fed at the low concentration of 25 mg/kg/day implying the usefulness of pomegranate extracts in improving face flushing troubles. In addition, the body weight of the groups fed with pomegranate extracts also decreased when compared to groups fed with only propylene glycol, and the results were also statistically significant. In case of the estradiol level in the blood of rats, the levels were somewhat higher in the groups fed with pomegranate extracts than the control groups, even though the difference was not statistically significant. As found from the results of the short-term experiment, in long-term experiment, the groups fed with pomegranate extracts showed statistically significant decrease in the body temperature and the body weight, whereas the increase of the estradiol levels in blood in each groups were statistically insignificant. During the short- and long-term experiments, no sign of toxicity was found in rats fed with pomegranate extracts indicating no toxic side effects of the pomegranate extracts when orally fed. The concentrations of pomegranate extracts 25, 250, 1250 mg/kg/day treated to ovariectomized rats in this study can be estimated to be 1.5, 15, and 75 g/day when treated to women whose body weight is 60 kg which is average for women with menopausal syndromes. Since even the 75 g/day of high concentration of pomegranate extracts did not show any toxicity in short- and long-term experiments, taking 1.5 g/day concentration of pomegranate extracts would be safe dose for not causing any side effects. Therefore, it can be concluded from the results of this study that taking 1.5 g/day of pomegranate extracts for certain period time will improve the menopausal syndromes including face flushing.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.563-567
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• 2007

This study evaluated the effect of ANTORIN R-10(pFSH), a commercially available follicle stimulating hormone on ovarian morphology, on follicular development and serum estradiol levels in rats. Immature female Wistar S/T rats(27 day old; 80-100 g B.wt) maintained under controlled environmental conditions($22{\pm}2^{\circ}C$; 50% humidity; 12 h light/12 h dark cycle) with free access to standard laboratory feed and tap water were utilized. Animals were allowed to acclimatize to the new environment for at least 2 weeks before being included in the experiment. Rats were randomly allotted to 5 groups(Control, SL 0.1AU, SH 0.2AU, TL 0.1AU and TH 0.2AU). ANTORIN R-10 was subcutaneously injected twice daily for 3 days. Twenty hours after hormone treatment, blood was collected to estimate the serum estradiol $17-\beta$ concentration. Immediately, all rats were sacrificed and the ovarian morphology, ovary weight and number of follicles were recorded. Ovaries were fixed for histomorphological examination. Higher standard and treatment groups were significantly increased on ovary weight and the number of follicles more than 1mm compared with lower standard and treatment. However, no difference revealed between standard and treatment groups. ANTORIN R-10 was similar effects of follicles development and maturation compared with House standard FSH.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.117-123
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• 1993

The condition of the endometrium is an important factor which may influence the success or failure in IVF-ET. This study was undertaken for evaluation of the value of endometrial growth as an early predictor for the success of IVF. Ultrasonographic endometrial measurement were performed in 43 IVF cycles that conceived, 101 cycles that did not with an IVF-ET There was no significant difference in the endometrial thickness and the serum concentration of estradiol in the pregnant versus nonpregnant group(10.4 vs. 9.9 mm: 2348 vs. 2017 pg/ml no hCG administration day). No correlation was found between the ultrasound image and serum estradiol levels around the time of hCG administration(r=0.54, p=0.13 no Day 2; r=0.45, p=0.14 no Day 1). The duration of gonadotropin treatment, number of follicles, number of oocytes retrieved, and fertilization rate were not statistically different in the two groups, however, there was a significant difference in the number of embryos in the pregnant versus nonpregnant group)p< 0.05). A higher pregnancy rate and ongoing pregnancy rate occured with an endometrial thickness over 11 mm compared with below 7mm(p< 0.05, p< 0.005). however, no significant differences were noted in the implantation rate and abortion rate among the groups that classified according to their endmetrial thickness. The endometrial growth(${\Delta}$) from hCG administration day(DO) to D6 was greater in the women who achieved pregnancy than in the nonpregnant group(p< 0.01). There were no significant differences in serum estradiol levels, implantation rate, pregnancy rate, and abortion rate among the groups that classified according to the pattern of echogenesity of endometrium, however, significantly higher ongoing pregnancy rate was noted in group A, B compared with group C.(p< 0.0001, p< 0.001) These results suggest that there were no ultrasonographically detectable differences in the patterns of endometrial growth and development around the time of hCG administration in patients who conceive versus those that do not in IVF-ET.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.241-248
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• 1998

Vitellogenin(VTG) 합성에 미치는 A23187의 영향을 무지개송어의 배양 간세포를 이용하여 실험을 행하였다. 간세포는 2일간 배양한 후, Estradiol-$17^{\beta}$($E_2$, $2{\times}10^{-6}$M) 및 A23187 ($10^{-7)$~$10^{-5}$M)을 첨가하여 7일간 배양하였다. 그리고, $E_2$에 의한 VTG 합성시의 A23187이 미치는 영향에 대해서도 조사하였다. A23187이 미치는 영향에 대해서도 조사하였다. A23187 ($10^{-7)$~$10^{-5}$M)의 첨가에 의해 간세포에서의 VTG 합성은 농도의 증가에 따라 감소하였다.$E_2$에 의해 합성된 VTG는 A 23187 ($10^{-5}$M)의 첨가에 의해 대조군($E_2$만의 첨가)의 약 18%로 유의하게 감소하였다. 그러나,$E_2$제거로는 대조군의 약 47% 밖에 감소되지 않았다. 이러한 결과로 보아, 세포내의 저장 Ca은 번역 단계 또는 번역 후 단계를 조절함으로써, VTG 합성을 조절하는 것으로 추정된다.