• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제98권5호
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• pp.576-583
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• 2009

Based on the stem analysis and biomass measurement of 36 trees and 1,576 branches in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica (Mongolian pine) plantations of Northeast China, this study was conducted to develop estimation model equation for leaf biomass of a single tree and branch, to examine the vertical distribution of leaf biomass in the crown, and to evaluate the proportional ratios of biomass by tree parts, stem, branch, and leaf. The results indicated that DBH and crown length were quite appropriate to estimate leaf biomass. The biomass of single branch was highly correlated with branch collar diameter and relative height of branch in the crown, but not much with stand density, site quality, and tree height. Weibull distribution function would have been appropriate to express vertical distribution of leaf biomass. The shape parameters from 29 sample trees out of 36 were less than 3.6, indicating that vertical distribution of leaf biomass in the crown was displayed by bell-shaped curve, a little inclined toward positive side. Apparent correlationship was obtained between leaf biomass and branch biomass having resulted in linear function equation. The stem biomass occupied around 80% and branch and leaf made up about 20% of total biomass in a single tree. As the level of tree class was increased from class I to class V, the proportion of the stem biomass to total biomass was gradually increased, but that of branch and leaf became decreased.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1474-1480
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• 2013

본 연구는 TBM 공법의 구경별 자원기반 적산(원가 계산) 방식에 의한 공사비 적산을 수행하여 직접공사비와 총공사비를 분석하고, 이를 근거로 회귀분석을 수행하여 TBM 공법 구경별 직접공사비 및 총공사비를 추정할 수 있는 개산 공사비(개략 공사비) 예측 식 모델을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 TBM 공법의 구경별 개산 공사비 예측 식 모델은 향후 TBM 공법 적용 현장의 사업기획, 예비조사, 타당성조사, 기본설계 단계에서 개산 공사비를 추정하는데 효과적으로 적용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2022

It is important to measure the excavator's work productivity that estimates the bucket's payloads on a process. If the bucket isn't filled at every working cycle, the excavator's operator has to drive the machine more to achieve his work quota. If bucket is filled over with the load, the other way around, the transferred object has to spread out on the workplace. That causes additional work to clean the site. This paper proposes a method that can estimate the bucket's payload to improve the excavator's work productivity. This method assumes that the excavator is a lumped mass system. And it uses a 3 points angle (boom link, arm link, swing) and 2 points pressure (boom cylinder's input port and output port) of measurable data. Depending on assumptions, the bucket's payload can be calculated by the payload's motion equation. And this suggested method can be verified by simple experiments.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.113-117
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 레이더 시스템에서 탐지 거리 추정에 영향을 미치는 레이더 단면적의 크기에 대한 집적 방식을 비교 분석한다. 본 논문에서는 레이더 단면적의 크기에 따라 크기가 작을 경우 스웰링 케이스 1, 클 경우에는 스웰링 케이스 3의 탐지 확률을 레이더 방정식에 적용하여 탐지 거리를 추정하였다. 모의실험을 통해서 스웰링 케이스의 차이에 따른 코히런트 집적과 비 코히런트 집적을 비교 분석하였다. 비교 분석 결과, 비 코히런트 집적 방식이 추정 거리가 가장 우수하였고 코히런트 집적 방식은 스웰링 케이스를 적용한 탐지 거리 추정에 적합하지 않음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.209-216
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• 2001

개발등 인위적 건설활동에 의하여 발생되는 토사유출량을 산정하기 위하여 국내에서는 주로 범용토양손실공식(USLE)을 주로 사용하여 왔으나 이 기법은 연평균 토사생산량을 산정하기위한 기법으로 개발되었다. 따라서 l본 연구에서는 단일호우에 대한 토사유출향 산정을 목적으로 개발된 수정범용토양손실공식(MUSLE)을 강우자료와 토사유출 실측값이 있는 국내 개발현장에 적용하여 실측치와 계산치를 비교함으로써 그 적용가능성을 확인하였으며 MUSLE 적용시 필요한 첨두유출량과 총유출량 산정기법 중 국내여건에 적합한 산정기법도 제시하였다. 또한 MUSLE 적용결과와 개정범용토양손실공식(RUSLE)을 이용한 토사유출량 산정 결과와도 비교하였다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2005년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.75-78
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• 2005

This raper investigates the effect of curing temperature on strength development of concrete incorporating cement kiln dust(CKD) and blast furnace slag (BS) quantitatively. Estimation of compressive strength of concrete was conducted using equivalent age equation and rate constant model. An increasing curing temperature results in an increase in strength at early age, but with the elapse of age, strength development at high curing temperature decreases compared with that at low curing temperature. Especially, the use of 35 has a remarkable strength development at early age and even at later age, high strength is maintained due to accelerated pozzolanic activity resulting from high temperature. Whereas, at low curing temperature, the use of BS leads to a decrease in compressive strength. Accordingly, much attention should be paid to prevent strength loss at low temperature. Based on the strength development estimation using equivalent age equation, good agreements between measured strength and calculated strength are obtained.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1993년도 사면안정
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• pp.19-44
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• 1993

사면등의 토공구조물의 안정해석에 있어서, 지반변수의 최적추정을 위해 추계학적이론(stochastical concepts)을 도입했다. 지반의 방향에 따른 최대의 시추간격과 점추정뿐만 아니라 구역추정이 가능케 했으며 또한 그 추적치의 신뢰도를 구할 수 있도록 했다. 해석상의 정확도의 증명과 실무에서의 적용의 편이성 비교를 위해 실제상황에 대한 몇가지의 예를 들고 각각 산술평균 이용법과 FDM, FEM, 역거리법, 역거리자승법, Kriging 법을 도입 결과들을 서로 비교검토하였다. 추정치의 비교분석 결과 Kriging 법이 가장 신뢰성이 크고 또한 방법들과는 달리 추정자의 정확도 즉 신뢰도를 산정할 수 있다. 한편으로 토공구조물의 형상에 따른 지반변수를 추정할 수 있게 하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.939-957
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• 2015

In this paper, a new approach based on the continuum model is proposed to estimate the main cable tension force of suspension bridges from measured natural frequencies. This approach considered the vertical vibration of a main cable hinged at both towers and supported by an elastic girder and hangers along its entire length. The equation reflected the relationship between vibration frequency and horizontal tension force of a main cable was derived. To avoid to generate the additional cable tension force by sag-extensibility, the analytical solution of characteristic equation for anti-symmetrical vibration mode of the main cable was calculated. Then, the estimation of main cable tension force was carried out by anti-symmetric characteristic frequency vector. The errors of estimation due to characteristic frequency deviations were investigated through numerical analysis of the main cable of Taizhou Bridge. A field experiment was conducted to verify the proposed approach. Through measuring and analyzing the responses of a main cable of Taizhou Bridge under ambient excitation, the horizontal tension force of the main cable was identified from the first three odd frequencies. It is shown that the estimated results agree well with the designed values. The proposed approach can be used to conduct the long-term health monitoring of suspension bridges.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.249-258
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• 2007

This paper proposes a method that can be used for the resistance estimation of a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)-driven solenoid. By using estimated solenoid resistance, the PWM duty ratio was compensated to be proportional to the solenoid current. The proposed method was developed for use with EHB (Electro-Hydraulic Braking) systems, which are essential features of the regenerative braking system of many electric vehicles. Because the HU (Hydraulic Unit) of most EHB systems performs not only ABS/TCS/ESP (Electronic Stability Program) functions but also service braking function, the possible duration of continuous solenoid driving is so long that the generated heat can drastically change the level of solenoid resistance. The current model of the PWM-driven solenoid is further developed in this paper; from this a new resistance equation is derived. This resistance equation is solved by using an iterative method known as the FPT (fixed point theorem). Furthermore, by taking the average of the resistance estimates, it was possible to successfully eliminate the effect of measurement noise factors. Simulation results showed that the proposed method contained a sufficient pass-band in the frequency response. Experimental results also showed that adaptive solenoid driving which incorporates resistance estimations is able to maintain a linear relationship between the PWM duty ratio and the solenoid current in spite of a wide variety of ambient temperatures and continuous driving.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.93-102
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• 2021

In this article, withdrawal resistances of axially loaded self-tapping screws on wood products made by Korean Larch were predicted with existing estimation equation, and compared with experimental test data. The research was required because no design methodology for the withdrawal resistance of self-tapping screw is present in Korean building code (KBC). First, the withdrawal resistance of wood screw was predicted to use the withdrawal design value estimation equation in National Design Specification for Wood Construction (NDS). Second, three types of wood products, solid wood, cross-laminated timber (CLT) and plywood, were utilized for withdrawal test. For decades, various engineered wood products have been developed, especially cross-laminated timber (CLT) and hybrid timber composites such as timber composites of solid wood and plywood. Therefore, CLT and plywood were also investigated in this study as well as solid wood. Finally, the predicted values were compared with experimentally tested values. As the results, the tested values of solid wood and CLT were higher than the predicted values. In contrast, it is inaccurate to predict withdrawal resistance of plywood since prediction was higher than tested values.