• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.104-110
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• 2016

BACKGROUND: There is lack of comprehensive compositional data of the amino acid profile of spinach with regard to different cultivars. A more detailed knowledge in this aspect will be of benefit in the future selection of spinach genotypes with improved nutritional quality.METHODS AND RESULTS: The effects of cultivar type (Jeoncheonhu, Sagyejul, Namdongcho and Mustang) and harvest time (79^th, 116^th and 145^th days after sowing or DAS) on the concentrations of free amino acids in field-grown spinach (Spinacia oleracea) were examined. About 35 different free amino acids were detected and quantified by the amino acid analyzer. Glutamic acid and proline were identified as the major amino acids, while α -aminoadipic acid and α-aminobutyric acid were present in much lower concentrations. Spinach constituted 1468.4 mg/100 g total free amino acids (TAA), of which essential amino acids, neutral/acidic amino acids and sulphur containing amino acids constituted around 15, 45 and 2% of the TAA, respectively. The most limiting amino acids among the leafy vegetables - cysteine was recorded only in Mustang harvested at 116 DAS. Free amino acid contents did not differ significantly among the spinach cultivars and also at different harvest times.CONCLUSION: The data show that, either of the spinach cultivars, preferably Mustang harvested on or after 116 DAS can serve as a significant source of nutritionally relevant amino acids to meet the demand of the growing populations.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.148-150
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• 1999

Seed lipids and proteins of Crotalaria juncea L were analyzed for fatty acids and amino acids respectively. Gas chromatographic analysis of the oil gave palmitic acid (16.01%), stearic acid (7.29%), oleic acid (14.41%), linoleic acid (54.44%) and linolenic acid (7.86%). The defatted seed cake contained all the essential amino acids except methionine and six non-essential amino acids.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.98-101
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• 1976

The essential amino acids composition of Green algae (chlorella ellipsoidea) that was isolated near the suwon was compared with that of soy flour and the provisional pattern of amino acids of reference protein of FAO and found that the limit amino acid was methionine. The rest of essential amino acids were distributed widely and abunduntly. While soy flour was defficient in methionine and valine on comparing with the provisional pattern. Slightly more content of methionine was recognized in chlorella protein than that of spirulina maxima which was reported to be eaten in the Lake Chard region of Africa and Mexico as a daily food. It was concluded that good quality protein is able to be synthesised from the wild alage if a qualified alage media was given to them.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.87-100
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• 2015

It is well known that dietary protein affects the growth performance and carcass composition of poultry. Over the last several decades, numerous studies have been carried out to investigate to optimize the level of dietary protein since the protein is an important and expensive constituent in poultry feed. It is generally accepted that dietary protein should represent a balance of amino acids supporting the requirements for growth and maintenance of birds. A protein with balanced essential amino acids that matches a bird's requirement and sufficient non-essential amino acid nitrogen to enable the synthesis of all of the non-essential amino acids, is referred to as an 'ideal protein'. Feeding of excess protein or amino acids may result in an amount of nitrogen emission. Most common method to reduce nitrogen emission is using diet formulation which has lower dietary crude protein level and higher concentration of amino acid supplements. However, there are conflicting reports whether low protein diets supplemented with synthetic amino acids can obtain the growth performance equal to high protein diets. Excessive nitrogen excretion caused by amino acid imbalance also may influence the environment of poultry house due to ammonia production from uric acid. These environmental conditions may increase the incidence of skin problem or respiratory diseases of chickens. Various strategies based on comprehensive understanding should be tested to optimize nitrogen utilization and reduce nitrogen emission while maintaining the performance in poultry production.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.5-10
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• 1963

농촌에서 식용으로 사용하는 두종의 죽순에 대하여 함유하는 아미노산을 생장부위에 따라 정성분석하였다. 대체로 한 종류가 함유하는 아미노산은 5종 내지 15종이었으며 축순의 생장과정에 따라 함유된 아미노산의 종류는 명명 상위하였다. 식용 죽순에 함유된 필수 아미노산의 종류는 4종에서 9종임을 정성분석 할 수 있었다. 식용죽순에 잇어서도 다른 식물성 식품과 같이 영양가치가 있음을 알아 내었다. 선단부 보다 기부에 아미노산의 종류가 많이 분석된 것은 기부에서 부터 질소대사가 촉진되어 간다는 것을 추측케 하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.976-985
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• 1995

Changes in free amino acid concentrations is blood and various tissues were evaluated in cats adapted to the low-protein diet(20% protein, LPD) or the high-protein diet(60% protein, HPD) for 5 weeks. Cumulative body weigth gain for the 5 week period was 463$\pm$43g, and -128$\pm$40g for cats fed HPD and LPD, respectively. Feeding HPD significantly increased the size of liver and kidney. Cats adapted to HPD for 5 weeks have significantly elevated plasma concrntrations of essential amino acids (branched-chain amino acides, threonine, trytophan, phenylalanine and methoionine), whereas plasma levels of non-essential amino acids(alanine, asparagine, glycine, glutamine and serine) were significantly reduced in animals adapted to HPD(p<0.01, or p<0.001) compared to the values for the cats fed LPD. Changes in free amino acid concentratioks in whole blood induced by the variations in dietary level of protein closely reflect the pattern seen in plasma. Amino acids such as branched-chain amino acids, proline and threonine were most difficult to maintain homeostasis and consistantly elevated in lever, kidney, skeletal muscle and brain, as well as in blood of cats adapted to HPD(p<0.01 or p<0.001). All of the free amino acids in jejunum, excluding taurine and ornithine, were significantly elevated in animals adapted to HPD, most probably due to the rapid absorption of large amount of amino acids across the epithelium of small intestine.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.108-114
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• 2004

This study was performed to determine the effect of dietary Na levels on plasma amino acid levels. Plasma amino acid levels were compared in 20 adult healthy women subjects who were given high Na diet (290.48 mEq/day : NaCl 17g) or low Na diet (51.26 mEq/day : NaCl 3g) for subsequent 6 days. Plasma essential amino acids levels were significantly decreased (36%) while plasma non-essential amino acids levels were significantly increased (22%) when subjects were given low Na diet (p＜0.001). Among essential amino acids, threonine was decreased (74%) significantly when subjects were given low Na diet (p＜0.01). Among nonessential amino acids, serine (49%), proline (20%) and aspartic acid (14%) were increased (p＜0.01), while arginine (48%) and glutamic acid (27%) were decreased (p＜0.001). In conclusion, dietary Na contents seemed to be an important factor to affect plasma amino acid levels. It would be appropriate to decrease the dietary Na intakes level considering the various clinical effects of dietary Na on the body fluid. For the patients who need low Na diet, it would be suggested that the level of dietary proteins should be carefully considered along with dietary Na manipulation. (Korean J Nutrition 37(2) : 108-114, 2004)

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.1555-1559
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• 2001

In the first study of a series of experiment samples were taken from 11-13th rib of Hungarian Simmental (HS, n=22) and Holstein-Friesian (HF, n=18) cull cows. In the second one, that of females (n=15) and males (n=12) of HF breed was analysed for amino acid composition, and biological value (BV) of proteins. No significant influence of either breed or slaughter weight was established in this study. Thus, the essential amino acid content and biological value of the proteins in Hungarian Simmental breed are practically the same as in the Holstein-Friesian. On the other hand, gender proved to be a significant factor influencing the amino acid profile of beef proteins, as the quantity of essential amino acids turned out to be significantly larger in females than in males. No statistical difference could be established for the non-essential amino acids and BV between the two genders.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권7호
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• pp.617-623
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• 2006

The mortality and morbidity rate of hemodialysis patients (HD) remain high. Among many factors, protein and calorie malnutrition has been shown to be a major risk factor for increased mortality in the HD patients population. Malnutrition can be caused by insufficient amino acid intake, nutrient losses in dialysate, oxidant stress and muscle catabolism. In this study, we evaluated the association of markers of nutritional status and essential amino acids intake in HD patients. We investigated nutritional status of 41 HD patients (mean age: $64.2\;{\pm}\;11.5\;y$, men: 24, women: 27) by measuring anthropometric, biochemical parameters and food intakes by using 24 hr recall methods. Subject's total energy intake and total protein intake were $1,648.0\;{\pm}\;397.31\;kcal/day,\;79.2\;{\pm}\;27.2\;g/day$:, respectively. The animal protein intake was $42.7\;{\pm}\;22.1\;g/day$, essential amino acids intake was $23.4\;{\pm}\;9.92\;g/day$, and the ratio of essential amino acids to total protein intake was $29.6\;{\pm}\;5.42%$. There were significantly positive correlation between muscle mass and lean body mass with serum creatinine level (r=0.435, p<0.01; r=0.435, p<0,01). There were also significant positive correlation in muscle mass and lean body mass with pre hemodialysis blood urea nitrogen (preHD BUN) (r=0.329, p<0.05; r=0.329, p<0.05). There were no significant correlation in total energy intake and total protein intake per kg ideal body weight (IBW) to muscle mass and lean body mass. However, there were significantly positive correlation between the ratio of essential amino acids and muscle mass and lean body mass (r=0.368, p<0.05; r=0.405, p<0.01). And serum hematocrit concentration was positively correlated with the ratio of essential amino acids (r=0.032, p<0.05). The results of this study indicate that strong associations exist in essential amino acid intakes with malnutrition than total protein intakes in HD patient. In conclusion, specialized nutrition education should be necessary to efficiently improve the quality of protein intakes.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.229-235
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• 2014

천마는 난초과 식물로서 예로부터 약용으로 사용되어 왔으며, 봄과 가을에 수확을 한다. 본 연구에서는 천마의 수확시기와 자마의 특성에 따른 아미노산의 함량을 조사하였다. 결론적으로 수확시기에 따른 총 아미노산 함량에는 변화가 없었지만 각 아미노산의 함량은 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 가을에 수확한 천마에서는 아스파라긴이 19%로 함량이 제일 높았으며, 필수 아미노산으로는 발린인 10%를 차지하였다. 봄에 수확한 천마에서는 세린이 23%로 가장 높은 함량을 보였으며, 필수 아미노산 중에는 아르기닌(10%)로 가장 높은 함량을 보였다. 자마의 특성별 아미노산 함량을 조사 했을 때, 유성증식 천마가 무성증식 천마에 비하여 총 아미노산 함량이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 유성증식 천마의 필수 아미노산은 가을에 수확한 무성증식 천마와 함량이 비슷한 것으로 나왔으며, 비필수 아미노산은 봄에 수확한 무성증식 천마와 함량이 비슷한 것으로 나왔다. 본 연구를 통하여서 천마의 다양한 재배 환경에 대한 아미노산 함량의 변화를 알 수 있었으며, 더 나아가 자연 식품 재료로서의 가치가 높아질것으로 판단이 된다.