• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.228-234
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• 2022

Various types of tea have been cultivated to obtain different flavors and enhance their functional properties. The objective of this study was to investigate the physicochemical properties of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) teas produced from commercial Korean green, white, and black teas. The concentration of total minerals was reduced in GABA green tea and GABA white tea but was improved in GABA black tea. The essential, non-essential, and total free amino acid contents were remarkably increased in the GABA teas. The amino acid GABA content was increased by 561.00 and 294.20 times in GABA white tea and GABA black tea, respectively. The antioxidant potential was not reduced, although the total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents decreased in GABA green tea and GABA black tea. The results indicated that the overall nutritional value of commercial green, white, and black teas could be improved by processing them into GABA teas.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권11호
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• pp.1634-1638
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• 2002

Quantification of endogenous amino acid loss at the terminal ileum is an essential means for calculation of the true amino acid digestibility of a feedstuff. Since nitrogen appeared in the determined diet or not could shift the results very much, also, none of digestibility markers could be recovered with 100% rate at the terminal ileum, the objectives of the present study were: (1) to determine endogenous amino acid losses when fed either a casein diet or a protein-free diet and (2) to examine the reliability of chromic oxide or acid insoluble ash in the protein-free diet. Six ileal-cannulated pigs ($65{\pm}1.85 kg$ BW) with a simple T-cannula in the terminal ileum were used in a replicated $3{\times}3$ Latin square designed trial, after allowed a 14 d recuperation period. Each test period ran for 12 days comprised of a 10 d adjustment period and a 2 d collection period. The endogenous AA losses of His, Ile, Lys, Cys, Thr, Val, Trp, Asp, Glu, and Ser from pigs fed the casein diet were significantly higher than those of the protein-free diet (p<0.05). No significant difference was found in the amount of endogenous amino acid loss when determined with the different markers in the protein-free diet (p>0.05). These data suggest that endogenous amino acid loss could be underestimated when a protein-free diet is used. A direct effect of dietary peptides on the endogenous amino acid loss was found when the casein diet was fed. Our results also indicate that acid insoluble ash can be used as an inert marker as an alternative to chromic oxide when measuring endogenous amino acid loss.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1496-1502
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• 2010

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of diet complexity and fermented soy protein on growth performance and amino acid digestibility. In Exp. 1, a total of 120 crossbred weanling pigs ($5.68{\pm}0.80\;kg$ BW) were randomly allocated into 4 treatments. Each treatment had 6 replicate pens comprising 5 pigs in each replicate. Experimental diets consisted of simple (soybean meal as protein source) and complex (soybean meal, rice protein concentrate, potato protein concentrate and fish meal as protein sources) diets; each diet contained 0 or 5% fermented soy protein (FSP), respectively. Dietary treatments included: i) simple diet; ii) simple diet with 5% FSP; iii) complex diet; iv) complex diet with 5% FSP. Pigs were provided each experimental diet for 20 d (phase 1) and then fed the same common diet for 10 d (phase 2). During days 0-10, pigs fed FSP diets had greater ADG than those fed non-FSP diets (p<0.05). G/F in FSP treatments was significantly higher than that in non-FSP treatments (p<0.05) from days 0 to 10. Throughout the overall period, G/F was greater in FSP treatments compared with non-FSP treatments (p<0.05). On d 10, N digestibility was higher in pigs fed FSP diets than in those fed non-FSP diets (p<0.05). Diet complexity did not affect growth performance and nutrient digestibility (p>0.05) in this experiment. In Exp 2, 12 ileal-cannulated, weanling barrows were housed in individual metabolism crates and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments (same as Exp. 1) by using a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Among the essential amino acids, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of Met and Val were increased in pigs fed FSP diets compared with those fed non-FSP diets (p<0.05). AID of Met, Phe and total essential amino acids were higher in pigs fed complex diets than in those fed simple diets (p<0.05). Among the non-essential amino acids, AID of Ala in FSP treatments was greater than that in non-FSP treatments (p<0.05). In addition, Asp, Cys, Glu, Pro, Ser and total non-essential amino acid digestibilities in pigs fed complex diets were higher compared with those fed simple diets (p<0.05). Interaction was observed in AID of Met, Asp and Pro. In conclusion, these results indicated that feeding of 5% FSP to nursery pigs improved feed efficiency and AID of amino acids, and diet complexity did not maximize the growth performance of pigs in the subsequent phase.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.772-787
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• 2000

In this study, evaluation on the loaches from the various sources was carried out in respect of their taste compounds. The samples were classified by local, season and growing condition and evaluated in terms of composition, the refuse, contents of nucleotides and their related compounds, total and free amino acid, organic acid and fatty acid. Evaluation on the compositions revealed the fact that, in terms of the local, the imported loach contain a low level of fat and high level of ash, in comparison with Korean loach; in terms of growing condition, cultured loach contains a high level of fat and low level of moisture, in comparison with wild loach; and in terms of the season, the summer loach contains less moisture than the fall loath; but as for the contents of other component, the summer loach was superior. As for the refuse, the imported loach had a greater refuse than the Korean loach. In the growing condition, the wild loach had lower value than the cultured loach. There was no substantial difference in each season. Also nucleotide and these related compounds were detected in all of the samples, while ATP was not found. The content levels of such detected compound did not show a substantial difference in each condition. However, generally, the imported loach was poor in such compound and all of the samples were high in IMP. The samples were high in total amino acids. The local and growing conditions showed no substantial difference, while in the season, the summer loach had a higher content of total and essential amino acid than the fall loach. As for the contents of free amino acids, similar distribution of the composition was shown in each sample, even though there was little difference in their constituents. Also, total content of free amino acid varied with the conditions of the samples. As for total content of organic acid and the distribution of the composition, there was a little difference between each condition. In the season and growing condition, the summer loach was high in organic acid. As for the distribution of the fatty acid compositions, there was no substantial difference between each condition and each sample. In the case of the wild loach, the summer loach was high in ${\omega}-3$ polyunsaturated fatty acid and the fall loach was high in essential fatty acid. Similarly, in the case of the imported loach, the summer loach was high in ${\omega}-3$ polyunsaturated fatty acid and the fall loach was high in essential fatty acid.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2014

Despite abundant nutritions, krill is barely used for human consumption. The objective of this study was to investigate the nutritional component and amino acid composition of krill and further utilizes it for food resource. Proximate compositions of krill meal were consisted of crude protein 58.85%, ash 13.89%, crude fat 12.45%, carbohydrate 11.01% and moisture 3.80%. The amount of total amino acid was 54.74 g%, and the major amino acids were glutamic acid (7.71 g%), aspartic acid (6.20 g%), leucine (4.72 g%), lysine (4.41 g%), arginine (6.49 g%) and alanine (3.25 g%), respectively. Total essential amino acid content was 21.87%, and the major amino acids were leucine (4.72 g%), lysine (4.41 g%) and isoleucine (2.90 g%), respectively. Content of total free amino acid in krill meal was 20224.30 mg/kg, and the major free amino acids were taurine (4501 mg/kg), arginine (3130.60 mg/kg), proline (2302.90 mg/kg), alanine (2088.10 mg/kg), glycine (1606.40 mg/kg) and lysine (1197.40 mg/kg). Especially, taurine was the most abundant of all free amino acids. Thus, these data indicate that krill seems to be abundant protein source food.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.555-560
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• 2008

사람 두경부 편평세포암종 HEp2 세포를 이용하여 아미노산 수송계 L 억제제인 BCH의 암세포 성장억제에 미치는 효과와 세포성장 억제기전을 밝히기 위해 HEp2 세포에서 uptake 실험, MTT 분석, DNA fragmentation 분석 및 immunoblotting 등을 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 아미노산 수송계 L 억제제인 BCH는 L-leucine uptake를 농도 의존적으로 억제하였으며, 그 $IC_{50}$은$ 51.2{\pm}3.8{\mu}M$로 산출되었다. BCH는 HEp2 세포의 성장을 시간과 농도에 의존적으로 억제하였다. BCH를 처리한 실험군에서 DNA fragmentation 현상은 볼 수 없었다. BCH를 처리한 실험군에서 procaspase-3과 procaspase-7의 proteolytic cleavage 현상은 볼 수 없었다. 본 연구의 결과로서 사람 두경부 편평세포 암종 HEp2 세포에서 아미노산 수송계 L 억제제 BCH는 LAT1 활성을 억제하여 세포성장에 필수적인 L-leucine 등 중성아미노산의 세포 내 고갈을 유도함으로써 HEp2 세포의 성장억제를 유도할 가능성이 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.529-534
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• 2008

본 연구는 아연을 주로 하는 이온수와 규소 성분이 주인 복합광물질을 급여시 돈육의 일반성분, 식육 콜레스테롤, 지방산 및 아미노산 조성에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사하였다. CON(0%), T1(이온수)및 T2(이온수 + 복합광물질)로 처리하였으며, 출하 전 66일간 사육하였다. 일반성분 및 콜레스테롤 함량은 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 지방산조성의 경우 다른 처리구에 비해 T2의 palmitic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid가 유의적으로 높게 나타난 반면 oleic acid는 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다. 포화지방산(STA)의 경우 T2(28.54%)가 유의적으로 높은 함량을 나타내었고, 불포화지방산(UFA) 및 UFA/SFA의 경우 유의적으로 낮게 나타났다. 하지만, 필수지방산(EFA) 및 EFA/UFA은 T2가 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 아미노산 조성 중 다른 처리구에 비하여 glutamic, alanine, leucine, lysine은 T1이 유의적으로 높게 나타났으며, serine, valine, isoleucine은 T2가 유의적으로 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 또한, 총 아미노산 함량 및 필수아미노산(EAA)는 T1처리구가 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과 이온수 및 복합광물질의 급여가 돼지의 지방산중 SFA를 증가시키고, UFA를 감소시켰으며, 필수아미노산의 함량을 증가시킴을 증가시켜 알 수 있었다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.164-173
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• 2020

국내 자생하는 균근성 버섯 중 본 연구에서 수집한 붉은꾀꼬리버섯(C. cinnabarinus), 젖버섯속(L. parallelus), 송이(T. matsutake), 싸리버섯(R. botrytis) 추출물의 생리활성 성분을 평가하기 위하여 DPPH 라디컬 소거능, 철환원 항산화능, 환원력, 아질산염 소거능, 총 폴리페놀 및 총 플라보노이드 함량의 항산화 활성과 균근성 버섯의 건조시료를 이용하여 아미노산 성분 함량을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 수집된 균근성 버섯류 중에서 싸리버섯(R. botrytis) 열수추출물의 DPPH 라디컬 소거능(33.8%), 철 환원 항산화능(0.38), 환원력(0.35), 총 폴리페놀 함량(13.83 mg GAE/g) 및 총 플라보노이드 함량(2.56 mg QE/g)이 다른 버섯류에 비하여 월등히 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 아질산염 소거능은 젖버섯속(L. parallelus)이 높았다. 총 아미노산 및 총 필수아미노산 함량은 붉은꾀꼬리버섯(OK1165)이 각각 1,046.1 mg/kg과 404.9 mg/kg으로 다른 균근성 버섯류에 비하여 가장 높게 검출되었다. 4종의 균근성 버섯류에서 검출된 아미노산 성분 중 시스테인(Cys)이 전체 아미노산 성분 중에서 가장 높게 검출된 성분이었으며, 페닐알라닌(Phe)는 다음으로 많이 검출된 성분이었다. 붉은꾀꼬리버섯(C. cinnabarinus)의 경우 쓴맛을 내는 성분들이 함량이 높았으나 동시에 감칠맛, 단맛을 내는 성분들도 다른 균근성 버섯류에 비하여 높았으며, 송이(T. matsutake)는 감칠맛, 단맛을 내는 성분이 다른 균근성 버섯류에 비하여 높게 검출되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 야생에서 수집한 4종의 균근성 버섯류 중에서 항산화능은 싸리버섯(R. botrytis)이 가장 높았으며, 아미노산 함량은 붉은꾀꼬리버섯(C. cinnabarinus)이 높은 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.681-686
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• 2005

동백잎의 채취시기에 따른 일반성분, 유리당, 유기산, 아미노산, catechin, chlorophyll 및 total polyphenol 등의 함량은 다음과 같다. 동백 잎의 조단백과 조지방 및 ascorbic acid 함량은 채취시기가 늦을수록 감소하였고, 조회분과 조섬유 함량은 채취 시기가 늦을수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 유리당은 fructose, glucose, sucrose 등 3개의 당이 확인되었고, 총 유리 당 함량은 채취시기가 늦을수록 증가하였다. 유기산은 citric acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, acetic acid 등이 검출되었고, 채취 시기가 늦을수록 총함량은 증가하였다. 동백잎의 주된 유리아미노산은 aspartic acid, glutamic acid, histidine이었고, 채취시기가 늦을수록 총유리 아미노산 함량은 감소하였다. 동백잎의 주된 구성아미노산은 histidine, alanine이었고, 채취시기가 늦을수록 구성아미노산의 함량은 감소하였으며, 총아미노산에 대한 필수아미노산의 비율은 증가하였다. 동백 잎에 함유된 무기질은 P, Ca, K, Na, Fe등으로 채취시기가 늦을수록 함량은 증가하였으며, 동백 잎의 chlorophyll 함량과 total polyphenol 함량은 채취 시기가 늦을수록 증가하였다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.155-160
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• 1995

To evaluate the nutritive values of outdoor mass cultivated Spirulina platensis both chemical analysis and bioassay were carried out using adult cockerels. Blue-green algae, Spirulina platensis contained about 71g /l00g DM of crude protein with balanced amino acid profiles although methionine is liable to he limiting to animals. Compared to fish meal, calcium content and calcium : phosphorus ratio of the Spirulina were not suitable in terms of animal requirements. Reasonable amount of y-linolenic acid(C18: 3 $\omega$6) in Spirulina platensis draws a clinical attention due to its historically recognized pharmacotheraputic functions. Metabolizable energy contents of Spirulina were 3.67 and 3.11 mcal /kg DM for TMEn and AMFn, respectively, which therefore, can he a reliable energy source for poultry. True amino acid availabilities of essential amino acids of Spirulina platensis were higher than 90% for poultry, which is better than comparative ingredient like fish meal. Overall data from both chemical analysis and bioassay demonstrated that the Spirulina platensis could he a favorable protein feedstuffs for poultry.